What contribution did Xun Kuang make?

Xun Kuang (325-235 BC) was surnamed Xun. At that time, people called Xun Qing respectfully. Because Xun is closely related to him, he is also called Sun. Later generations addressed Xunzi respectfully. At the end of the Warring States Period, Zhao was born in southern Hebei and Shanxi. Historical Records includes biographies of Mencius and Xun Qing.

Xunzi was the greatest representative of the Confucian school at the end of the Warring States period and a master of Confucianism. When Qi Weiwang and Wang Xuan were studying in Xia Ji, they were the "most teachers" and ranked as doctors three times before and after. Xia Ji Gong Xue (Gong Xue academic leader and master) served as a wine offering ceremony. After the death of King Qixiang, Xunzi left Qi and entered Qin, so it was unnecessary. Soon after returning to Zhao, he went to Qi State, was attacked by the imperial court, and left Qi State and Chu State. In the eighth year of Gao Lie in Chu, Xunzi was appointed as the Lanling Order by Huang Xie, the king of Chu. Later, Chunshen was killed by Li Yuan and Xunzi was dismissed, so he settled in Lanling (now Lanling Town, Cangshan County, Shandong Province) and wrote tens of thousands of books. He died at the age of 90 and was buried in Lanling. 32 biographies of Xunzi.

Xunzi summed up the thoughts of the previous generation and the end of the Warring States period. An ideological system based on Confucianism, a variety of beneficial elements, the combination of etiquette and law, and the combination of rigidity and softness was established. In Tian Lun, he dominated the universe with his personality will and denied the existence of mysterious heaven. He maintains that heaven is an objective material world, with its own laws of change, and will not be transferred by human will. "If the foundation is strong, the sky can't be poor", "Heaven is always there, not for Yao's survival, not for Jie's death". Emphasize "not competing with heaven". "Knowing the difference between heaven and man" thinks that there is no necessary connection between heaven and personnel, and it is completely opposed to divination and superstition of ghosts and gods. Xunzi regards "doing" as the highest stage of understanding. "The Effect of Confucianism" said: "I don't know what I see, I don't know. Learn to stop. " Xunzi advocated the theory of evil nature. The article "On Evil Nature" says: "Human nature is evil, and its goodness is also false." He believes that saints and others are essentially the same, but they are different in industry, customs and knowledge. Ordinary people can become saints as long as they study hard. Xunzi emphasized the importance of acquired learning and attached importance to the influence of environment and education on people. He comprehensively discussed the function, purpose, content and method of education in the chapters of Outline, Self-cultivation and Persuasion. It emphasizes respecting teachers and attaching importance to teaching, paying attention to practice, integrating knowledge with practice, giving consideration to learning and thinking, participating in introspection, being single-minded and persevering, paying special attention to moral education, and advocating using courtesy to change the original viciousness of human beings. "If the country will prosper, the teacher will be expensive and heavy," and "if the country will decline, the teacher will be cheap and light." "Learning alone is not enough." "A gentleman is learned and lives on", "If you don't accumulate steps, you will be thousands of miles away; If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't become rivers and seas. " "Perseverance, dead wood cannot be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be engraved. " These famous sayings have been passed down through the ages and inspired future generations.

Xunzi's article "Words must be reasonable", "Harmony between mind and Tao, Harmony between words and heart", attaches great importance to speech skills in language. In this paper, antithesis and parallelism are widely used, and more than 50 metaphors are used continuously in an article "Encouraging Learning", which enhances the vividness of reasoning. Fu Yong's writing of "Li", "Zhi", "Yun", "Silkworm" and "Prose" is mainly based on four-character rhyme, but also in the form of prose, which is like a riddle and is a "hidden book" style. There is a poem in Xiang Cheng that says, "Please Xiang Cheng, this is a disaster for the world. Fools are dark, stupid and virtuous. If there is no sage in the master, what is it if there is no phase! " This form of folk rap is deeply loved by ordinary people and is the originator of Tanci.