The main responsibilities of Nine Light in Qin and Han Dynasties are roughly divided into

The prime minister is the highest chief executive of the imperial court, "in charge of the emperor and assisting various machines." (6) Both the Qin Dynasty and the early Western Han Dynasty had left and right prime ministers (both Qin and Han Dynasties put the right first). In Qin Ershi, the Prime Minister was added, with Zhao Gao as the Prime Minister. Because Zhao Gao is a eunuch, "Zhong" refers to the imperial palace. A particularly respected prime minister can be awarded the title of "Guo Xiang". Lv Buwei in Qin Shihuang's time and Xiao He in Emperor Gaozu's time were both prime ministers. Under the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, there were several prime ministers' histories, all of which were secretaries, and the long history was their long history. During the period of Liang Wudi, the Prime Minister's Office set up a department to supervise officials who violated the law.

In order to strengthen the autocratic imperial power, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty often promoted some talents from humble origins and appointed them as Chinese medicine practitioners and Zhulang. , usually around the emperor to make suggestions, forming the so-called "imperial court officials". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used them to compete with the court administrative officials headed by the prime minister, the so-called "foreign ministers"; At the same time, imperial edicts are often drafted by the Shaofu Shangshu Department and conveyed to the throne, which gradually weakens the power of the prime minister. After the death of Emperor Wu, Huo Guang presided over the state affairs with the title of Fu and General, and his power was above that of the Prime Minister. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Prime Minister was renamed as Da Situ, and his power and rank were all under Fu, and he was also called "Three Fairs" with Fu and Da.

In the war to seize the world, Liu Bang often awarded the title of prime minister to some military commanders, so the word "false" was often added before the title in history books.

At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Qiu, Situ, also known as the three fairs, were collectively called the three divisions. When he was emperor, Deng Zhi rode a general with three divisions, so he had the name of "Yitong" outside the three divisions, which meant that although there was no name of Sangong, he was treated the same as Sangong. Most of the emperors in the Eastern Han Dynasty were young heirs, so they often took Fu Shangshu as a supplement to preside over state affairs. In this way, teachers are more above the three fairs, which is called going to the palace, or together with the three fairs, it is called the four palaces. In order to concentrate power on himself, the emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty often gave orders through Shangshutai, so the power of Sangong was further weakened and they could only handle some daily affairs. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three fairs were abolished, and the post of Prime Minister and suggestion was established.

Qiu's official list says that he is an official, but this has not been confirmed in other documents. Qin Wei, a general who led troops to fight, was not in a very high position. Autumn in Han Dynasty may have evolved from Guo Wei.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, Tai Wei was the highest military officer. After Liu Bang's death, Qiu's official position was intermittent. In the early years of Liang Wudi, this official was removed. Later, Fu was set up, and before the "one general", he became the highest military commander of the country. After Liang Wudi's death, Huo Guang presided over the state affairs with the title of Fu and General. His position was far from military affairs, and his power gradually surpassed that of the Prime Minister. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fu was cancelled and Qiu's name was restored.

As the deputy of the prime minister, Yushi has two responsibilities: first, he is in charge of the world's literature and classics, presenting letters to officials and ministers, and issuing letters, similar to the emperor's confidential secretary-general; Second, he is in charge of the internal and external supervision of the imperial court and is the highest supervisor of the country. According to Gao Di Ji, the imperial edict of the Western Han Dynasty was issued by Jinshi to (prime minister) and by (prime minister) to princes. At the same time, it was promulgated to the heads of counties. The post of prime minister in the Han Dynasty was often replaced by an ancient scholar. Liu bang also awarded the title of physician to the general of the whole army. In order to strengthen the autocratic monarchy and personally rule political affairs, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gradually handed over the confidential secretarial work undertaken by the Imperial censor to the Shangshu Department, and the authority of the Imperial censor was shrinking. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, those who changed the imperial history into universities were called scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an imperial envoy, Zhong Cheng, who was in charge of several imperial envoys and was specifically responsible for supervising the court officials of Lantai and the books and archives collected by the state. At the same time, the local competent secretariat is responsible.

During the Qin Dynasty, local counties and counties had censors to supervise local officials.

At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, the system of examining counties was abolished. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the whole country was divided into thirteen states as prison areas. Each state has several counties, and the chief executive is the secretariat. The Secretary of State supervises local officials according to six standards set by the imperial court. In his later years, Liang Wudi also set up a captain Li Si, who was responsible for investigating the illegal acts of officials and people in the counties of Jingsanfu, Sanhe (Hanoi, Hedong and Henan) and Hongnong, and became an important official in the supervision system. The official position of the censorial supervision system in the Western Han Dynasty was called the censorial mansion or the imperial doctor's hall, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty it was renamed the censorial platform or the Lantian hall, so the ancients also called the supervisory officials "Taiwan officials".

2. Jiuqing

Jiuqing refers to nine important officials and positions of the Central Court. They are:

In the Han Dynasty, Feng Chang was renamed Taichang, in charge of temple etiquette, divination and sacrifice, and subordinate historians and doctors.

A doctor, a doctor, a worshiper, and so on are the officials under the doctor. Lang is the bodyguard of the emperor's attendants, including corps commander, assistant minister and doctor. Dr. Tazhong, etc. Yi Lang is an unarmed man, and they are responsible for the discussion.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Lang Zhongling changed his name to Guang Luxun, and his position remained unchanged. He also appointed Menlang and Yulinlang as the emperor's armed attendants when he went out hunting.

Wei Wei is in charge of the guards at each palace gate, and his officials include servants, shooters and conductor. In the Han Dynasty, the army commanded by Wei Yan was called the Southern Army.

Servants are responsible for the management of the emperor's horses and military horses.

Ting Wei is in charge of the criminal court and is the highest judicial official in the country. When the imperial court met with Dayu, it was tried by Ting Wei.

Dianke is responsible for the reception of ethnic minorities and vassal countries to the DPRK. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was renamed Dahonglu, in charge of the pilgrimage of princes, princes and their tribes.

Zong Zheng is in charge of the royal family (including the princess). People who commit crimes in the imperial clan are generally handled by officials.

Shi Su is in charge of the national grain silk rent and tax. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty changed its name to Dasinong. In the early Han dynasty, the civil servant who managed millet only cared about agriculture and granaries, while another official was in charge of national finance. After changing to Dasinong, Ouchi became its subordinate officer, named Dunei, in charge of goods and treasury.

Shaofu is in charge of the tax revenue of mountain and sea ponds throughout the country for the emperor's private use. The emperor's food, clothing, housing, transportation, medical sacrifices and vessel making are all under his command, so he is the general manager of court affairs. After Liang Wudi, his authority gradually decreased, but his subordinate Shangshu Province, as the confidential secretariat of the emperor, became increasingly powerful. Later, he finally left Shaofu and became an independent bookshop, with Cao in charge of affairs.

In fact, in addition to Jiuqing, there are some important senior officials in the Central Court, such as:

The lieutenant is in charge of security in Shi Jing. When Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty was renamed Emperor Wudi of Zhili, he usually patrolled the city, and the emperor's patrol was the leader.

He will be responsible for the civil works of palaces, ancestral temples and cemeteries. Emperor Han Jingdi changed his name to Master.

Traditional countries manage the affairs of ethnic minorities who join the country. The Han Dynasty proclaimed itself emperor, and the subordinate countries were merged into Dahonglu.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up a water scale to take charge of the navigation management of Shanglinyuan and other ponds.