Ancient Chinese translation

It turned out to be JiXiangXuan South Pavilion. The indoor area is only ten feet square, which can accommodate one person. Because it is an old house with a history of a hundred years, dust and soil often leak from the roof, especially when it rains, the rain pours down directly; Every time I move the table, there seems to be no room to put it. Plus, the door is open to the north, so it can't be directly exposed to the sun. After noon, the sun went down and the room was dark. I repaired it a little, and it stopped leaking and falling. Four new windows were opened in front of the room, and a wall was built around the yard to block the sunshine in the south. The room brightened after the sunlight reflected. In front of the court, I planted orchids, osmanthus trees, bamboo and so on. And the railings in the past increased the aesthetic feeling. Borrowed books are piled up on bookshelves, where I live leisurely, sometimes whistling or singing, and sometimes sitting quietly alone, with the sound of nature clearly audible; In front of the court and under the steps, it was very quiet. Birds fly down from time to time to peck, and people don't leave before it. On the fifteenth night of each month in the lunar calendar, the bright moonlight shines on half the wall. In the moonlight, the shadows of osmanthus trees in the court are scattered, the breeze is blowing, and the shadows of flowers are shaking, beautiful and lovely.

But I live here, and there are many happy things and many sad things. Before this, the courtyard was connected with the north and the south, and it was a whole. After the separation of uncles and nephews, there were more indoor and outdoor doors and partitions everywhere. The owner's dog barked at Jia Xi, so the guests had to go over the neighbor's kitchen to eat, and the chicken had to stay in the hall. The stadium was fenced off at first, and then walled off, which was changed twice. There is an old woman at home who used to live here. This old woman, a servant of my late grandmother, has been a wet nurse in my family for two generations. Her mother was very kind to her when she was alive. The west of the porch is connected with the inner room. My mother has been to the porch. The old woman often says to me: "This place, your mother used to stand here." The old woman also said, "When your sister was a child, I held her in my arms and she was crying." Hearing this, your mother knocked on the door with her finger and said,' Is the child cold? Do you want to eat? I'm outside the door-I always answer your mother. "The old lady didn't say that finish, I was moved to tears, and the old lady also shed tears of excitement. I have been studying on the porch since I was fifteen. One day, my grandmother came to see me. She said, "Son, I haven't seen your shadow for a long time. Why have you been here silently all day? Isn't this too girly? "When she left, she gently closed the porch door with her hand and said to herself," My family has not achieved fame in reading for a long time. I'm afraid this child can't wait for success! After a while, he brought another elephant to the porch and said, "My grandfather Tai Changgong gave it to the emperor during the reign of Xuande. You need it later! "Looking back on these things in the old days, it seems as if it happened yesterday. I really can't help crying!

There used to be a kitchen on the east side of Jixiangxuan, and people had to go through the porch to get to the kitchen. I live in it with the window closed. After a long time, I can tell who it is by the footsteps of people walking outside. A ridge porch suffered four fires, but it was not burned down, probably because of God's protection.

I said, "Shu widow inherits and holds cinnabar mine, and the profit is the highest in the world." Later, Qin Shihuang built Huaiqing Terrace for her. Liu Bei and Cao Cao competed for the world, and Zhuge Liang started from Longzhong. How can the world know about Zhuge Liang and Qing when they are unknown in a corner? I was under the spine porch, raising my eyebrows and closing my eyes, thinking that there would be a strange sight. Everyone who knows this situation thinks that I am different from the frog in the shallow well. I have already written the above story. After five years, my wife came to my house. She often comes to the porch to ask me some historical stories. Sometimes she leans against the desk to learn to write. My wife went back to visit her family. When she came back, she relayed the words of the younger sisters: "I heard that my sister has a pavilion at home. What is that pavilion? "After six years, my wife died, and the porch gradually fell into disrepair and was not repaired. Two years later, I was sick in bed, bored, and sent someone to repair the South Pavilion. That form is slightly different from before. However, since then, I have been locked out for a long time, and I don't often come back to live in the porch.

There is a loquat tree in front of the yard, which was planted by my wife herself the year she died. Today, it has stood tall and luxuriant, like an open giant umbrella.

Report to Ren Anshu

Master Tai, Sima Qian, who is willing to help you, pays tribute to you again. Shao Qing's first step: In the past, it was very kind of you to write to me, teach me to be careful with others and recommend talents. Feelings are sincere, as if complaining that I didn't do what you said, and also echoing the layman's point of view. I didn't. Please allow me to talk about my stubborn and humble ideas. I hope you don't blame me for not replying to you for a long time.

My ancestors, who didn't get the extraordinary feats like Dan Shu and Iron Voucher, were engaged in drafting documents, compiling historical materials, recording astronomical phenomena and making legal calendars. (Their position) is close to the position between divination officials and Taizu. They were originally teased by the emperor, raised as musicians and actresses, and despised by customs. If I am punished by law and sentenced to death, it will be like losing a hair on nine cows. What's the difference with ants? And the world will not treat me as a mortal, but will only think that I am exhausted and sinful. I couldn't get rid of myself and finally died. Why? This is due to the position he usually holds. People are always going to die. Some people are heavier than Mount Tai, while others are lighter than a feather. This is because fast knots are applied in different places. The first category is not humiliating our ancestors, the second category is not humiliating ourselves, the second category is not humiliating face, the second category is not humiliating words, the second category is being humiliated by prisoners, the second category is putting on prison clothes, the second category is being beaten with instruments of torture, the second category is shaving hair, strangling with iron ropes, the second category is losing skin and limbs, and the last category is corruption and humiliation to the extreme. The Book of Rites says, "Doctors should not punish." This means that scholars must maintain their moral integrity. When the tiger is in the deep mountains, all the wild animals are very afraid of it. When you are locked in a cage or fall into a trap, you wag your tail and beg for food, which is the result of gradually subduing it with strength. So for scholars, drawing a prison on the ground (even) makes people afraid to go in; Even a wooden warder dared not confront him, and he had to commit suicide to be punished (to avoid humiliation). Now his hands and feet are tied with instruments of torture, he takes off his clothes, is beaten with a stick, and is locked in four walls. At this time, I hit my head on the ground when I saw the jailer, and I was scared when I saw the jailer. Why? This is (also) the result of the gradual development of power restriction. At this stage, we still say that we are not ashamed, but we are just so-called "thick-skinned". Where can we be distinguished? Besides, Xibo is the leader of a vassal, but he is imprisoned in prison; Reese was the prime minister and received five sentences. Han Xin, king of Huaiyin, was king, but he put instruments of torture on Chen. Peng Yue and Zhang Ao were lonely when they sat on the throne, and later they were both arrested and imprisoned. Zhou bo, Jiang Hou, killed Lu's henchmen with greater power than the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was imprisoned in a special prison to "ask for a room"; Dou Ying, Marquis of Wei Qi, was a general, and later put on the clothes of sinners, wearing instruments of torture on his hands, feet and neck. Ji Bu, the general of Xiang Yu, later shaved his head, strangled his neck with a hoop and became a slave of Zhu Jiajun. The irrigator was insulted in the holding cell. These people are in the position of princes and princes, and their reputation is known to neighboring countries. Once you are guilty, you will be punished by law and you can't commit suicide. How can you not be insulted when you fall into the dust? It has always been like this. It can be seen that courage or cowardice, strength or weakness are all determined by the situation. What's strange about understanding this truth? It is impossible for a person to commit suicide long before being punished, so his ambition gradually declines. When he was punished with a stick, he thought he would die with honor. Is it too far from honor? This is probably why the ancients punished doctors cautiously.

As far as human nature is concerned, there is no one who is not greedy for life and hates death and misses his parents, wife and children. As for those who are excited by justice and axioms, this is not the case, because they have to. Unfortunately, I lost my parents in my early years, and I have no brothers and am alone. As for how I treat my wife and children, can Shao Qing see it? Moreover, the brave may not die of honor, but the cowardly who advocate morality can encourage themselves not to be humiliated anytime and anywhere. Although I am timid and want to live my own life, I know how to sacrifice my life for righteousness, so why not accept the insult of being tied by a rope! Besides, people like handmaids and concubines can commit suicide (without being humiliated). What do I have to do? The reason why I drag out an ignoble existence is that I would rather be imprisoned in prison like dirt, because my wish has not been fully realized, I am ashamed to die in obscurity, and my literary talent cannot be revealed to future generations.

In ancient times, there were countless people with wealth and status, but their names were all buried. Only outstanding people are praised by future generations. King Wen interpreted the Book of Changes when he was in prison. Confucius wrote the Spring and Autumn Period in poverty. Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao after he was exiled. Zuo Qiuming wrote Mandarin after he became blind. Sun Bin's kneecap was cut off and Sun Tzu's Art of War was compiled. Lv Buwei was demoted to Shu, and Lv Chunqiu was spread all over the world. Han Fei was imprisoned in the State of Qin and wrote Difficult Talks and Lonely Anger. As for the Book of Songs, there are 300 articles, most of which were written by sages to express their feelings. These writers felt depressed and uncomfortable in their hearts, and their ideas were not accepted by people at that time, so they described their experiences and let future generations know themselves. For example, Zuo Qiuming is blind and Sun Bin has a broken leg. After all, he cannot be used by the world. So he went home and wrote a book to express his resentment, hoping to leave words to express his thoughts.

I'm overreaching. Recently, I pinned my wish on useless words, collected the lost literature in the world, roughly researched the actions of historical figures, observed their process from beginning to end, and investigated the laws of their success, failure and rise and fall. From Xuanyuan Huangdi to now, I have written ten tables, twelve biographies, eight chapters, thirty aristocratic families and seventy biographies. I also want to use it to explore the law of heaven and personnel, understand the historical development process from ancient times to the present, and achieve the theory of one family. It's been drafted, but it's not finished yet, so it's a disaster. I'm sorry I didn't write it. I'd rather be castrated than look angry. I really want to finish this book, (temporarily) hide it in a famous mountain, (later) pass it on to like-minded people, and make it popular in metropolis, so that I can make up for the humiliation I suffered in prison before, even if I was killed 10 thousand times, I will regret where I went! However, these words can only be said to knowledgeable people, but it is difficult to say to outsiders.

Moreover, it is not easy to live in a guilty situation. Being humble, there are many criticisms and accusations. I suffered this disaster because I spoke to the emperor (carelessly), and I was laughed at by my neighbors, so that my ancestors were humiliated. How can I have the face to sweep my parents' graves again? Even after another hundred generations, it will only be more humiliating! So my mind is full of pain, and I am always in a trance at home, as if I have lost something and I don't know where to go when I go out. Every time I think about this great shame, I don't sweat or get wet! As a junior minister in the palace, how can you leave the palace and live in seclusion in the cave? So I had to go with the flow and conform to the ethos of the times to express my inner grief and indignation. Now Shao Qing teaches me to recommend talented people. Isn't this against my private wishes? Although I (also) want to dress myself up and whitewash myself with beautiful words, it's not good for the world and I can't win people's trust. This can only lead to insult. In short, on the day of death, there will be a conclusion about right and wrong. This letter can't express my meaning in detail, just talk about some solid and simple ideas. Greetings to you again.

fisherman

After Qu Yuan was exiled, he walked between rivers and lakes, sighing at the water's edge, looking haggard and emaciated, with a morbid and sad face. The fisherman saw it and asked him, "Aren't you Dr. San Lv? Why did you come to this place? Qu Yuan replied: "All people in the world are dirty, only I am innocent, all people are drunk, and only I am sober.". So he was exiled. The fisherman said: "A person with both ability and political integrity will not stick to external things, but can adapt to changing situations. The whole world is dirty, why not go with the flow? Everyone is drunk, why don't they drink and have fun? Why do you want to be so far-reaching and so noble that you are exiled? Qu Yuan replied: "I heard that people who have just washed their hair must pat their hats clean before putting them on;" "People who have just taken a shower must shake before getting dressed. How can you bear the filth with a clean body? I would rather throw myself into the running water of Xiangjiang River and bury myself in the fish belly of the river. How can you stand the dust of the world as an innocent person? The fisherman knocked on the boat board with a smile and left, singing and saying, "If the water in the rough waves is clear, it can be used to wash my hat band;" If the water in the rough waves is dirty, it can be used to wash feet! " After that, he left and stopped talking to Qu Yuan.

Note: Song of Canglang reappears in Mencius Li Lou, which tells the story that Confucius listened to the song of Canglang sung by his obedient son, and then took it as a warning, so that his disciples could understand that Confucianism took its path (free choice). Clear water is only clear water, and turbid water is only turbid water. It depends on self-determination, but it is a reverse solution. If the game is played properly, it should be the original intention of the fisherman to persuade Confucianism to divert: "Everyone is drunk and I wake up alone", so we should have the mind of "Everyone wakes up and I am drunk alone". Therefore, you can go with the flow or imperceptibly, even if there is no prospect, you are happy (which is obviously different from personal happiness or timid comfort). ]

handicraftsmen

Yonghe nine years, ugly. On the fourth day of late spring and early March, we met in Lanting, Shanyin County, Huiji for a drink. All the respected people here attended the meeting, and all the young and old people gathered together. Lanting is surrounded by mountains, with lush trees and dense bamboo rafts. There is also a clear and swift stream, like a green ribbon, set off from left to right. This stream is a winding stream, which is located on its side. Even without the grand occasion of orchestral ensemble, just drinking and writing poems is enough to make people speak freely. On this day, Enigma is sunny and breezy, and it can look up at the vast universe, bend down, inspect a variety of things, enjoy the overall situation, open your mind and try your best to see and hear. It can really be said that it is a great pleasure in life.

People are close to each other and spend their lives between stadiums. Some people like introspection and are satisfied with an interview in a room; Some people depend on external things and live a bohemian life. Although their internal or external choices are very different, and their quiet and active personalities are also different, when they encounter gratifying things, they will be complacent, feel happy and self-sufficient, and forget the coming of aging. When you are tired of what you have got and things change, you will inevitably feel infinite emotion. The joy gained in the past will soon become a historical relic, and people can't help but feel sorry for it. What's more, people's life span depends on nature, and it will eventually come down to exhaustion! The ancients said, "Life and death are important things." How can this not make people sad!

Whenever I see the feelings expressed by my predecessors, I will inevitably sigh in front of their articles, but I can't figure out what is going on. Of course, I know it is wrong to confuse death with life, and it is absurd to equate long life with early death. Future generations look at today's people just like today's people look at their predecessors. This is the sad thing. So I will list the names of the participants and record their poems. Although times are different and actions are different, the motives that trigger people's feelings will undoubtedly be the same. Later generations will probably feel the same way when they read these poems.

A pleasant hike

There is a fish in the sea in the north. Its name is Kun. The size of Kun, I really don't know how big it is to thousands of miles; Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back, I really don't know how long it is; When it rises and flies, its spread wings are like clouds on the horizon. This Peng bird, with the stormy sea, migrated to the South China Sea. The sea in the south is a huge natural pool. Qi Xie is a book devoted to recording strange things. It is recorded in this book: "Pengbirds migrate to the South China Sea, and their wings beat against the water surface to stir up waves of 3,000 miles. The sudden wind on the sea spiraled up and reached the high altitude of Wan Li. It took six months to leave the North Sea and stopped. " In spring, fog like a galloping horse is transpiration on the Yuan Ye in Lin Ze, and the low-altitude dust is caused by the breath of various creatures in nature. The sky is so blue, is this its true color? Or is it endless? Peng bird looks down from the sky, so much.

In addition, if the water is not deep, it has no power to float a big ship. Pour a glass of water in the low-lying area of the stadium, then a small handful of mustard can also be used as its boat; The cup won't stick when it is put on hold, because the water is too shallow and the boat is too big. The wind force is not strong enough to bear huge wings. So, Pengniao flies high in Wan Li, and the wind is below it. Then it can fly with the wind and bear the blue sky without any power to stop it, and then it can fly south as it is now. Cicada and the little grey finch laughed at it and said, "I took off quickly from the ground and touched the branches of elm and sandalwood, and often fell to the ground without flying." Why should I fly south to the height of Wan Li? " Go to the confused countryside, eat three meals back and forth, and your stomach is still full; To go a hundred miles away, you need to prepare dry food all night; Traveling thousands of miles away, you should have prepared food three months ago. What do these two little things know? Little cleverness can't catch up with great wisdom, and short life can't compare with long life. how do you know The morning fungus will not know what a gloomy new moon is, and the cicada will not know what spring and autumn are. This is a short life. There is a turtle named Ghost Spirit in southern Chu, which regards 500 years as spring and 500 years as autumn. In ancient times, there was an ancient tree named Da Chun, which regarded 8,000 years as spring and 8,000 years as autumn. This is longevity. But Peng Zu is still famous for its longevity. Aren't you sad that people are keeping up with him?

Shang Tang's question about the spine is this: "In the barren north, there is a deep sea, and that is Tianchi. There is a kind of fish that carries water for a thousand miles. No one can know how long it is. Its name is Kun, and there is a bird with a back like a mountain and wings like clouds in the sky. Pengniao rose to fly, flapped its wings, and the rapidly rotating upward airflow went straight to the high altitude of Wan Li, through the clouds, carrying the blue sky, and then flew south, intending to fly to the South China Sea. He scoffed at it and said,' Where is it going? I struggled to jump up and fly up, but I lost a few feet and circled among Artemisia, which was the limit of my flight. "Where is it going?" "This is the difference between small and big.

Therefore, those who are smart enough to be competent for official positions, whose conduct conforms to the wishes of a countryman, whose morality can satisfy the monarch and whose ability is enough to win the trust of the country all think of themselves in this way. But Song laughed at them. People all over the world praise him, so he won't work harder. People all over the world criticize him, so he won't be more depressed. He made clear the difference between himself and the outside world, and distinguished the boundaries between honor and shame, but that's all! Song was never eager to pursue anything for the whole society. Even so, he still failed to reach the highest level. Liezi was able to walk in fashion, which was really light and beautiful, and he didn't come back until fifteen days later. Liezi is never in a hurry to seek happiness. Although he did this without walking fatigue, he still had something to rely on. As for following the laws of all things in the universe, grasping the changes of "six qi" and roaming the endless realm, what does he rely on? Therefore, the "supreme person" with noble moral cultivation can reach the realm of no self, the "saint" with completely detached spiritual world has no fame and career in his heart, and the "saint" with perfect ideological cultivation never pursues fame and status.

Yao intends to give up the world, saying, "The sun and the moon have risen, but the small torch is still burning." Isn't it difficult to compare with the brightness of the sun and moon? Monsoon rains landed in time, but it was still watering and irrigating the earth; Isn't it futile to moisten the whole earth with such laborious artificial irrigation? If Mr. Wang Can lives in the position of monarch, the world will certainly be governed greatly, but I still live in its position; The more I look at it, the more I feel that my ability is not enough. Please allow me to give you the world. Xu You replied: "You rule the world, and the world has achieved great governance, but I must replace you." Will I do it for fame? "Name is a secondary thing from reality. Will I pursue what I want this time? Wren nest in the forest, but occupy a branch; The mole went to Okawa to drink water, but the water was full. You'd better give up your idea and go home. This world is useless to me! Even if the chef does not cook, the sacrifice host will not intervene! "

Shouwu asked Lian Shu for advice: "I listened to a conversation with Jieyu, which was full of big talk." Once you go on, you will never get back to the original topic. I was frightened by his words, as if the Milky Way in the sky has no boundaries, which is far from the words of ordinary people. It's really unreasonable. " Uncle Lian asked, "What is he talking about?" Shouwu relayed: "On the distant Gushe Mountain, there lived a man of God. His skin was as white as snow and his body was as soft as a virgin. He doesn't eat grains, drinks the breeze and nectar, rides the clouds and travels around the world. His expression is so focused that there is no disease in everything in the world and crops are harvested every year. I think this is all false and not credible at all. " Uncle Lian said, "Yes! For the blind, we can't enjoy patterns and colors with them. For the deaf, we can't listen to the music of bells and drums with them. Is it just that the bones are deaf and blind? There are also deaf and blind people in thought! This seems to mean that you should take my responsibility. The man of god, his virtue, is involved in everything to get the governance of the whole world, who will be busy taking the management of the world seriously! That kind of person, nothing can hurt him from foreign objects, nor can he be drowned by a terrible flood. He doesn't feel hot because the drought on earth melts rocks and cracks earth mountains. The dust he left behind, withered bran and other wastes can also create a saint like Yao Shun. How can he take it as his duty to be busy managing everything! "

In the northern Song Dynasty, some people sold hats to the southern state of Yue. Vietnamese people have no hair and are covered in patterns, so there is no place to use hats. Yao governs the people of the world and stabilizes the domestic political situation. He went to Gushe Mountain and north of Fenshui to meet four noble scholars who had realized. He couldn't help feeling lost and forgetting his position in managing the world.

Keiko said to Zhuangzi, "Wang Wei sent me gourd seeds. After I planted it, the fruit was as big as five stone. Use a big gourd to fill the water slurry, but its firmness can't withstand the pressure of water. It's too big to be cut into spoons. There is no place to put it. This gourd is not small. I broke it because it was useless. " Zhuangzi said, "Mr. Wang is really not good at using big things! In the Song Dynasty, there was a family who was good at preparing drugs that didn't hurt their hands. Generation after generation, they take cleaning silk cotton as their occupation. A tourist is willing to buy his prescription at a high price of 100 gold after hearing about it. The whole family got together to discuss:' We have been washing silk floss in the river for generations and only got a few gold. Now we can sell one hundred gold at a time. Let's sell him the prescription. "Tourists take prescriptions to lobby the prince. It happened that Yue was in trouble, and the king of Wu sent him to command the army. In winter, he fought with the Vietnamese army on the water and defeated the Vietnamese army. The prince of Wu ceded land for reward. It can prevent chapped hands and the prescription is the same. Some people use it to get paid, while others can only use it to wash silk floss in water. This is the application of different methods. Now you have a big gourd with a volume of five stones. Why not consider using it as a waist boat, floating in the rivers and lakes, but worried that the gourd is too big to hold? It seems that you still know nothing, sir! "

Keiko said to Zhuangzi, "I have a big tree. People call it Ai. Its trunk is uneven, which does not meet the requirements of straight rope ink, and its branches are bent and twisted, which does not meet the needs of compasses and square rules. Although he grew up on the roadside, the carpenter didn't even look. It's useless to talk too much now, and everyone will despise it. " Zhuangzi said, "Sir, haven't you seen wild cats and weasels? Crouching on the ground, waiting for those small animals that come out of the hole to feed or have fun. From east to west, jumping around, from high to low, jumping up and down, I never thought of falling into the trap set by the hunter and dying in the net. Then there is the cow, whose huge body is like a cloud on the horizon; It is very capable, but it can't catch mice. Now that you have such a big tree, you are worried that it is useless. Why not plant it in a barren place, plant it in an endless wilderness, wander leisurely under the tree and lie leisurely under it. This tree will not be cut down by a knife and axe, and nothing will hurt it. Although it is useless, where will it be bitter? "

-PS dividing line: I also want to learn the compulsory three-pull, 555 high school life, bitter! ! ! ! !

PPS: I have ~ ~ in every article.