A brief introduction to the order of robbing and shooting wine in the red chamber 20 18-04-25

Alcoholism is one of the customs of the Han nationality. This is an entertainment game at the party. Generally speaking, one person is chosen as an official at a banquet, and others take turns to say poems, couplets or other similar games. Those who violate the order or lose will be punished for drinking, so it is also called "order drinking". Drinking regulations are a unique way for China people to add fun when drinking. Over time, a wine culture with China characteristics has been formed.

Liquor order has a long history and was first born in the Western Zhou Dynasty. As soon as A Dream of Red Mansions came out, Cao Xueqin borrowed various banquets and wine orders, pushing the elegance of Chinese wine culture to the peak. There are many forms of wine in A Dream of Red Mansions, both elegant and vulgar, which can not only match the scene at that time, but also set off the characters from the side. Because it is for fun on the wine table, it is mostly a scene attended by many people, which makes people laugh. Let's discuss the wine sequence involved here: grabbing red, shooting, thumb fighting, taking flowers and so on.

First of all, grab the red:

The so-called grabbing the red is a name of the dice game. In other words, the dice are thrown for fun, and the outcome is determined by the number of red dots obtained. The loser is punished for drinking, so it is called grabbing the red. This kind of drinking order is not limited to the number of people and does not require education. Even illiterate people can participate in this drinking game.

Dice is a gambling tool used in folk entertainment in China. According to legend, it was made by Cao Zhi of Wei State in the Three Kingdoms period, and it was usually used for wine table games. The most common dice is a six-sided dice, which is a regular cube with one to six holes (or numbers) on it, and the sum of the numbers on the opposite sides must be seven, so it is customary to paint it red at one point four.

Dice wine order developed greatly in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the symbols of picking points on six sides of dice, people have compiled a large number of wine lists, mainly including grabbing red, guessing red, six sequences, selling wine and so on. The one involved in A Dream of Red Mansions is grabbing red. The way to grab the red is to roll six dice, regardless of the number of people, once for each person, and if you get a red four every time, take it out until all six red four are taken away. Every time you throw a red four, you will be fined a glass of wine. In the sixty-eighth chapter of Jin Ping Mei Hua Ci, Ximen Qing and Wu Yiner are described to play drinkers' wager game with twelve dice.

In the sixty-third chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, before the start of the banquet, Baoyu said, "We also want to make an order." Aroma said, "Be gentle. Don't make a hullabaloo about so that others can hear you. Second, we can't read, so we don't want those words. " Musk Moon suggested, "Let's catch the red dice." This wine order is a flick of the author's hand, which should reflect the most popular daily entertainment game of aristocratic families at that time. This article was put forward by Musk Moon, who is "stupid" in Mrs. Wang's eyes. It can be seen that this kind of wine order is really casual, with no technical content, and anyone can participate. Girls should play often, but Baoyu, who pursues elegance and chic in spirit, seems to be very boring, so he abandoned it.

Second, radiation:

Shooting the cover is a practical activity of ancient experts to study and apply the Book of Changes. Shooting is guessing, and covering is covering. Generally speaking, shooting is to cover an object under objects such as Ou and Yu, making people guess what is inside. After evolution, it has gradually become a guessing game close to divination when people feast.

Biography of Han Dong Fang Shuo: "If you taste it, you can check it and shoot it, and you can't win." Shuo praised himself and said,' Taste Yi, please shoot it.' Instead of divination, I said,' I think dragons have no horns, so a snake with feet is like a lizard if it doesn't guard the palace.' Above: "My God." Give ten silks. Then you can shoot other things, connect them and give them to silk. Yan Shigu noted: "Everything is covered, so it can be shot, so the cloud shoots it." . "Judging from the above records, shooting games were popular in the court during the Han Dynasty. Hidden in the cover are mostly some daily necessities, such as towels, fans, pens and ink, boxes and cans.

In the sixty-second chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, Baoyu said, "Sitting still is boring, so do something." Opinions vary, everyone decided to draw lots at the suggestion of Daiyu, and Pinger got the "shot". Baochai said that "country" was the ancestor of drinkers' wager game, and it was reasonable. Because it originated from ancient divination, as a kind of wine order, it also appeared from the Han Dynasty and had a new development in the Tang Dynasty. Li Shangyin's poem "Spring-wine, while it warms me up, I'll remind you how to gamble. There, in groups, we roll dice under the crimson lamp", and this "drinking order" contains a very rich cultural atmosphere [1].

The game in A Dream of Red Mansions is: Party A first thinks of an object and includes its name through an idiom or a poem. And extract a word from it and say to Party B .. Party B must associate it with this idiom or poem, then guess the object that Party A thinks, and say the name of this object through the idiom or poem. It can be seen that playing this game requires a large amount of knowledge, so it is more difficult and demanding. In order to highlight the charm of this wine order, the author not only produced many participants, but also combined the limitations of the plot and environment. Therefore, Bao Qin proposed that the limit should be "indoor spring", that is, what is in front of him. The author's description of this wine sequence can not only present the talents of the sons and daughters of the Red Chamber, but also highlight the rich life of the Grand View Garden and highlight the unique character of the characters, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone. The specific analysis is as follows:

1, Baoqin and Xiangling:

Baoqin copied the word "nursery" of Hongxiangyuan at the door, so she gave it the word "old". Xiangling shot a "medicine" with the help of Xiangyun. The book explains that Baoqin covers the nursery of "I am not as good as the old nursery" in The Analects of Confucius. What is the origin of "medicine"? It should be from the Medicine Garden written by Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. "Fortunately, I am free and opened a medicine garden." Is to take medicine to shoot the nursery.

The canon used for the treasure piano is an excerpt from The Analects of Confucius: "Fan Chi, please learn. Confucius said,' I am not as good as an old farmer.' Please learn to be a nursery. Said,' I'm not as good as the old nursery.' Leave Fan Chi. Confucius said,' Little man, Xu Fan! When you give a good gift, the people dare not disrespect, and when you give a good deed, the people dare not refuse; If you keep the letter, people will not dare to be heartless. If the husband is like this, then people in all directions will carry their sons. How do they use crops? ""Its significance lies in expressing that few people were educated in the Spring and Autumn Period. As long as the laborers have enough physical strength to engage in agricultural production, the purpose of education is to cultivate ruling intellectuals.

The canon used by Xiangyun on behalf of Xiangling comes from the Medicine Garden written by Lu You, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Teenagers read Erya and like the language of poets. Fortunately, I have little leisure, and I managed to open a medicine garden. Break through the rubble and bring water to pour cream and milk. Sail on it, and Venus will receive the sky. There are countless people who apply for pepper. The second rain was full of seedlings and the leaves were uneven. Mountain monks and wild old people have their own views. Melon dew, boiled in spring. If the old man is ill, the child can dance. Are there any geometries in the remaining years? Thank you very much. "

The cover and shooting of the two men are in front of Hongxiang Garden, which can be said to be a typical textbook of this game.

2. Tanchun and Baochai:

The sixty-second chapter of a dream of red mansions: Tanchun stamped the word "human". Baochai said with a smile, "This word' person' is very broad." Tanchun smiled and said, "If you add one more word, it won't be wide if you shoot twice." He added the word "window" as he spoke. Baochai thought about it and saw a chicken on the table, so she shot him using the words "chicken window" and "chicken man" because she shot the word "hen". Tanchun knew she was filming, so she used the classic "chicken lives in the nest". The two of them smiled and each took a sip of the door cup.

Canon for exploring spring: chicken window, which refers to the study. Song Chuzong, a native of A Jin, bought a pheasant, put it in a cage and put it on the window. Chickens have become the language of human beings, talking with Chu Zong about learning. "Chu Zong made great progress because of his cleverness" (see Youming Road). Later generations pointed to the study with a chicken window. In the Tang Dynasty, Luo Yin wrote a poem entitled "Yuanxi Zhangyi Habitat": "The book is quietly opened at night, and the fish sill lays a fishing line in spring." [2] Chicken man, in the ancient imperial palace, announced the dawn with guards wearing red ornaments in the morning, which looked like a rooster, and then used chicken man to express the dawn.

Classic used by Baochai: Excerpted from The Book of Songs: "Chickens live noisily, and at dusk, cattle and sheep come down. The gentleman is in service, why not? " It tells the story of a woman who is looking forward to her husband's early return when the cattle and sheep return to their nests at dusk. Speaking of "chicken man", people often think of Xue Baochai's riddle in "Jia Zheng's Ci for the Past": "Whoever brings two sleeves of cigarettes to the court will never get a chance to play the piano." You don't need a chicken to raise money, and you don't need a maid to add it at midnight. Jiao Shouchao returned to dusk, and his heart exploded day by day. Time flies, we must cherish it, and the wind and rain will change. "Although due to different versions, it is still not entirely certain who this riddle belongs to. However, there is indeed a sense of prophecy. According to the wine order, it should be Baochai's, which may be a portrayal of her later life. By comparing the canon used by Baochai with the phrase "treasure your beauty and hide your door during the day" in Baochai's Fu on Bai Hai Tang, we can find that poems related to Baochai always involve the theme of "waiting for a husband". These descriptions are consistent with the contents of "Abandoning Baochai's wife, Sheyue's maid" and "Abandoning on the cliff" in Zhi Pi, which shows that Baochai's ending is certain.

3. Li Wan and Xiuyan:

The sixty-second chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions: "Li Wan writes" Piao "and Xiuyan shoots" Qing ". They understood each other and took a sip. " The writing style is relatively simple, and outsiders don't quite understand it. It seems that two people are playing charades.

Li Wan's "Piao" is taken from a sentence in Su Zhe's "Three Poems in Nine Days": "Piao is hanging on the wall, and if you are happy in nine days"; Xing Xiuyan's "Green" is a typical example of the sentence "Tears follow the yellow leaves, and sorrow leads to youth" in Liu Xiyi's "Seeing Friends off in Xinfeng" in the Tang Dynasty. And Du Fu's poem "On Snow": "The ladle is abandoned without green and the furnace is like red." Five words have been included, cover, shoot and bottom [3]. Generally speaking, these three words are all related to wine. "Green" is also closely related to wine. From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, traditional wines (including turbid wine and sake) were all green, so there were many poems describing green wines in the Song Dynasty. For example, Gong Chao traced back to Song Shan Ji, Three Rhymes of Poems Sent by Snow Waves said: "Open an urn and duck's head is green, sharpen a knife and fish's eyes are jealous", and Shi Hao's "Zhi Feng", "Piao" and "Bottle" can all be interpreted as a kind of wine set in Shuo Wen Jie Zi.

4. Baoyu and Baochai:

The sixty-second chapter of a dream of red mansions: Baochai answered the word "treasure" Baoyu thought about it and realized that Baochai was acting, referring to the psychic jade she was wearing. He smiled and said, "Sister made fun of me, but I hit it. Don't be annoyed when you say it. It's just your sister's word' Chai'. " They asked, "How?" Baoyu said, "He said' Bao', but naturally it was' Jade' underneath. I took the word' hairpin', and the ancient poem once said' Destroy the jade hairpin, the red candle is cold', so I took it. " Xiangyun said, "You can't use current events. Both of them will be punished." Xiangling quickly said, "Not only current events, but also sources." Xiangyun said, "The word' Baoyu' has no origin, but it may be in Spring Festival couplets, but it is not recorded in poetry books." Xiangling said, "I read Cenjiazhou's five-character law the day before yesterday, and there is a saying that there are many treasures in this town. How could you forget? Later, when I read Li Yishan's seven-character quatrains, there was another sentence:' Baochai does not produce dust'. I even laughed and said that his two names were originally in Tang poetry. "

Baochai's dictionary of the word "treasure" reflects the poem "Send Zhang to" in the Tang Dynasty: "This town is rich in treasures, so don't be tired of poverty." Baoyu's dictionary of "Chai" can be found in Zheng Gu's "The Wall between Houses" in the Tang Dynasty: "If you break the jade hairpin, you should talk about Changshan." The country itself has a subtle meaning for people to guess. Just as the author uses riddles as predictions, he also uses poems quoted by Shefu as hints for the characters' future encounters. Especially Baoyu and Baochai [4]. Obviously, the meaning of "be careful not to be tired of poverty" here echoes the later lost meaning of "a broken blanket on a snowy night and a sore throat in a cold winter", which is a portrayal of Jia's decline and Baoyu's displacement. There are many "jade refining" in "The Poet", but this sentence is used in this paper, which we can understand as the meaning of breaking jade and firewood, and it should be the foreshadowing for the ending of the two women, Chai and Lao Yan.

Xiangling made up for "Baochai does not come out of dust", from Li Shangyin's "Residual Flowers": "Residual flowers cry, leaving no spring, whoever orders them will not complain. If you hide your dreams, Baochai is dust-free. " This poem cherishes the "residual flowers" to stay in spring, which makes Baochai dusty every day. According to Mr. wu shichang's textual research, this poem is considered as "in my heart forever". The poetic side, whether "complaining about others" or "living alone", is a young woman's widowed life, and her "loneliness" suffering is covered up by "residual flowers". This word "Yan" repeats the sentence in Baochai's "Bai Hai Tang Fu", which obviously means that husband and wife are separated, while Xiangling said that there is no word "jade" in this sentence, which has nothing to do with "shooting", only that "the name of the person is already in the Tang poetry". This sentence that Xiangling casually brought out may be the original basis for the author to rename Baoyu Baochai, which fully embodies the originality of the author's characterization.

The banquet in A Dream of Red Mansions is extravagant and wasteful, with colorful wine, elegant charm and vulgar taste. Cao Xueqin can be said to be the first person to skillfully integrate characters with wine, poetry and even the final ending. From the poems of Duncheng Dunmin and others, we can see that Cao Xueqin is good at drinking and has a special liking for wine. He makes full use of various available elements in the book, such as wine, food, wine, wine utensils, wine list and so on, to serve the characters and plots. These descriptions are all in vain. There are plots to drown one's sorrows by drinking, incidents to make trouble by drinking, wonderful use of painting people by drinking, and the effect of hiding corpses by drinking.

References:

Zhang Xiling: On the Description of Wine Order, Century Bridge, No.7, 2008;

[2] Cai Yijiang: A Dream of Red Mansions, Fudan University Press, 20 14, the first 1 version, 190;

[3] Cai Yijiang: A Dream of Red Mansions, Fudan University Press, 20 14, the first 1 version, 19 1 page;

[4] Cai Yijiang: A Dream of Red Mansions, Fudan University Press, 20 14, the first 1 version, 19 1 page.