Who are the grandfathers of all walks of life in the history of China?

In all walks of life, there is a grandfather, or the originator and protector of the mountain. Every major event or festival in the industry, people will offer sacrifices to the "grandfathers". This custom has been passed down to this day. Here are some familiar examples.

Education-Confucius

Confucius, surnamed Qiu, was born in Eastern Zhou Dynasty (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City, Shandong Province). China was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius was respected by later generations as the most holy teacher and the teacher of later generations. In the old days, scholars, students and schoolchildren were all in the main hall at home, and private schools, county schools, government schools and universities all dedicated Confucius memorial tablets in the main hall. Confucius, named Zhong Ni, was born in Hu Yi (now Qufu) in the Spring and Autumn Period. In his later years, he devoted himself to education and wrote some articles about education. History books say that he taught "three disciples and seventy sages".

Agriculture-Land God and Valley God

The ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, whose name was abandoned, was also called Hou Ji. During the Yao and Shun period, he was appointed as an agricultural official to teach people to grow millet and wheat. Therefore, later generations of agriculture respected him as the founder and integrated with the country god, known as the land god. Between the village and the field, a small short house, the Land Temple, is built every three or five miles along Tiantou Road. It is called the "Sheji Temple" in southwest Anhui and has its own land god in-laws.

Kiln industry-Zhao Ci

Zhao Ci, Shu Ming, was born in the Western Jin Dynasty. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was an official in Zhejiang and Fujian. It is said that he was demoted for his integrity. Later, he came to Jiangxi, and improved Jingdezhen's embryo-making, glaze-making and firing technology by using the Yue kiln porcelain-making technology he learned in Zhejiang, which made great contributions to the development of Jingdezhen's ceramic industry. According to the "Fuliang County Records", "Taoism is mysterious, and law helps the living. There are many Taos in the town, and they are blessed. " Jingdezhen ceramic industry has always taken Zhao Ci as a teacher. During the Hongxi period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a "ancestral temple" in Jingdezhen, which was later called "protecting the temple", and Zhao Ci was honored as a "master" and "protecting the Taoist God" by successive dynasties.

Painter-Wu Daozi

Wu Daozi (680-759), Han nationality, was given a name by Xuanzong. He was the largest painter in China in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored as a "painting saint" by later generations (in Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in 847). Wu Daozi is regarded as the founder of the craftsmen's guild engaged in painting, painting and sculpture in past dynasties.

Coal Kiln Maker, Blacksmith, Chopsticks Maker and Sharpener-Lao Zi

Laozi's date of birth and death is unknown. His name is Bai Yang and his surname is Kuang. He was born in the ancient county of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He used to be a Tibetan caretaker in the Zhou Dynasty. The theory of main inaction is considered by later generations as the ancestor of Taoism. Confucius tasted the ceremony and wrote more than 5,000 words of Tao Te Ching. In ancient China, it is an indisputable fact that Taoism pioneered smelting technology. The legendary Eight Diagrams Furnace was first cast by Laozi, the originator of Taoism. Therefore, in all walks of life in today's society, such as blacksmith, coal kiln worker, tableware worker, knife sharpener, hoof blacksmith and so on. , all worship Lao tze as ancestors.

Hu Lingneng, weighing craftsman, tin craftsman, bronze craftsman.

Hu Lingneng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Putian (zhongmou county, Henan). Tang Chaoyuan and Zhenyuan people in the years. The family is poor, and what is lacking is the nailing industry (the craftsman who repairs pots and pans), which is called "Hu Nail Hinge". Legend has it that in his dream, a fairy cut open his stomach and put a book in it. Since then, he has been able to recite poems.

Archers, Clothing Stores and Clothing Appraisers-Huangdi

According to legend, the Yellow Emperor invented the loom to make clothes, shoes and hats, curtains, blankets, coats, furs, canopies, armor, flags and rafters. Manufacturing knives, guns, bows and arrows, crossbows, six flags, flags, pentagonal flags, horns, scorpions, bugles, ladders, towers, cannons, swords, archers, etc. Besides, there are many that belong to him.

Table and chair maker, carpenter, bricklayer, stonemason, rope maker, engraver, mat worker-Lu Ban

Bus class, general or Cai, is from Shandong (now Shandong), because it is called Luban. At the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, social changes gave craftsmen some freedom and opportunities to display their talents. In this case, Luban made great contributions to the invention of machinery, civil engineering and manual technology. He can build a "palace pavilion"; I used to be a "ladder" for siege and a "hook" for boat warfare; Trojans who created "organ preparation"; Invented square, Mo Dou, planer, chisel and other wooden tools, but also invented grinding, grinding, locking and so on. The world is revered as the father of skilled craftsmen.

Needle maker-Liu Hai Shang Xian

Liu Hai, whose real name is Cao Liu, is called Hai Chan Zi, and people call him Liu Haichan. Liu Hai and Jin Chan in Liu Hai's play are actually Liu Hai's fictional stories. But Liu Hai has become the most common name for Liu Haichan. Liu Haichan is said to be one of the five northern ancestors of Quanzhen Taoism and the ancestor of Haichan School. Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu named him "the true king who knows the great Tao by the sea toad", and Emperor Yuan Wuzong added "the sea toad knows the great Tao and protects the emperor purely". Because the image of bangs is the forehead, some girls also like to comb their hair to their foreheads, and the length is Qi Mei, so this hairstyle is also called "bangs" (bangs). But I still don't see what this has to do with the needle maker.

Weaver, satin industry-weaver girl

Historically, the Weaver Maid in Yan Zi Shi, China was the earliest female leader in China history, and was later honored as the female emperor, also known as Xuan Nv, Xuan Di, Wang Su, Xu Ma, and so on. She invented the technique of rubbing rope with bark 30 thousand years ago. "The moon order is generalized. The Order of July quoted Liang Yinyun's novel in the Southern Dynasties: "To the east of the Tianhe River, there is a weaver girl, the son of the Emperor of Heaven. Every year, the loom works and weaves a brocade skirt, which looks too messy. The emperor pitied him for being alone and promised to marry a cowherd in Hexi. After marriage, he gave up knitting. The Emperor of Heaven was furious and died in Hedong, but they met once a year. " Since the Han Dynasty, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month has become a traditional festival. Ge Hong's Miscellanies of Xijing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty recorded that "women in the Han Dynasty often put seven-hole needles in the building on July 7, and everyone was there".

Dyers-Ge Xuan and Mei Fu

Ge Xuan (164 ~ 244) was a Wu native and Ge Hong was his stepfather. Filial piety comes first. Known as Tai Chi Ge Xianweng. Langya people moved to Jurong, Danyang. He is a link between the past and the future in the development of alchemy in China. His specific works on alchemy methods had a great influence on later alchemists. Because of his achievements in developing China's early chemical industry, Ge Hong was regarded as the ancestor of printing and dyeing, brewing pigments and other industries.

Mei Fu, whose real name is Zi Zhen, served as a captain in Nanchang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty (Nanchang Meiling was named after Mei Fu), and later abandoned his official residence in Yifeng Xiaoyao Daoyuan (now Xiaoyao Village, Tanshan Town, Yifeng). He is the ancestor of Mei in Yifeng Tianbao and other places, and he is also known as the three sages of Yifeng with the great poet and the champion of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Shoemaker-Matou Buddha

Ma Touer Buddha (Ma Tou King Kong) is also called Ma Touming King and Ma Tou Guanyin, and Brahman is called Ye He Jie Li Po, which is one of the six Guanyin in Kannonji. According to the idea of matching and stopping, the teacher of Liuguanyin is fearless of Guanyin, the leader of the animal way, and fearless of the angry body with infinite life. He regarded Guanyin as his own body and put the horse on his head, so he was called Matou Guanyin, also known as Master Ma.

Embroidery-Lu Meiniang

In the Tang Dynasty, when Mei Niang was born, her eyebrows were linear and long, so she was called Mei Niang. Mei Niang was very clever when she was a child, and her craftsmanship was exquisite. Seven volumes of Hokkekyo can be embroidered on a foot-long silk, including comments. The size of the word is no more than a grain of rice, and the picture is very clear and as thin as a hair. She is better at making umbrella covers. There are many landscapes and pavilions on it, and the ten-foot-wide umbrella cover is less than three or two. Her name is Shen Gu. She doesn't eat anything but drinks two or three glasses of wine every day. Later, he was named "Xiaoyao Zi".

Hairdresser-Zhao Dancer

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhao Wuniang's husband Cai Boxiao was a scholar. He was recruited by the imperial court and recommended by the county to take the exam in Beijing. Since then, he has not heard from you for five years. Due to the drought, the family became poorer and poorer, and her mother-in-law and father-in-law died one after another. Zhao Wuniang resolutely cut off a black hair and sold it to prepare a coffin to bury his parents. After that, Zhao Wuniang embarked on the road of finding a husband. (Pipa Story)

Mesh towel-Ma Huanghou

Zhu Yuanzhang's original wife Ma Shi is very frugal, but her clothes are worn out and need mending. According to "Women's History", Queen Shunsheng of Zhao Rui, Yuan Shizu used old bowstring to weave silk to make clothes. After the horse died, she was ordered to make quilts, towels and mattresses from old materials and give them to lonely old people.

Jade Craftsman-Qiu Chuji

Qiu Chuji (1 148- 1227), whose real name is Tong Mi, is from Qixia, Shandong. He was the most famous religious leader, outstanding thinker and politician in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. He played a vital role in the development and expansion of Quanzhen religion in the Yuan Dynasty, the formulation and implementation of some policies in the Yuan Dynasty, and the development of traditional culture. His works include nine kinds of alchemy methods described in the book "Directing at the Great Dan", which advocates the principle that successive weather in human body can interact to form the Great Dan, and books such as Ming Dow, Taking Health News and Panxi.

Tofu-Liu An

Liu An (BC 179- BC 122) is the grandson of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and the son of Wang Changlu, a native of Huainan.

Huang Bai, Liu An's good skill, called Jianghu Taoists, Confucian scholars, practitioners, alchemists and alchemists. The most famous ones are Su Fei, Li Shang, Tian You, Baylor, Wu Bei, Jinchang, Maobei and Zuo Wu, who are known as "Bagong". They built an alchemy furnace in the north of Shouchun Mountain and occasionally made tofu. Liu An was honored as the originator of tofu, hence the name Bagong Mountain.

Cotton Industry-Huang Daopo

Huang Daopo, also known as huangpo, was a famous cotton textile innovator in Yuan Dynasty. During Yuan Zhen's reign, she will reform the textile technology she learned after living in Yazhou (now Hainan Island) for more than 30 years, and make a set of tools for stringing, playing, spinning and weaving (such as blender, handle and three-spindle pedal spinning wheel). ), greatly improving the spinning efficiency at that time. In weaving, she used the wrong yarn, color matching, heald and flower technology to weave the famous black mud quilt, which promoted the development of cotton textile technology and cotton textile industry in Songjiang area, making Songjiang once the center of cotton textile industry in China, and played a great role in promoting the development of cotton planting and textile technology at that time.

Chef-Kitchen God

Kitchen God, also known as Kitchen King, Kitchen King, Kitchen God, Chef and Chef in the East, is the god of catering in ancient Chinese myths and legends. After the Jin Dynasty, it was listed as a god who supervised the good and evil on earth. With the development of social production, since humans broke away from eating animals and drinking blood and invented fire food, stoves have gradually become closely related to human life. The worship of Kitchen God has become an important part of many worship activities. Therefore, in the Book of Rites Sacrifice Law, "Wang made seven sacrifices", that is, one sacrifice was a "stove", while Shu Ren made a sacrifice, "or set up a household or a stove".

Breweries and Hotels-Du Kang

According to folklore and historical records, Du Kang, also known as Shao Kang, was the fifth king of Xia Dynasty, the first slave country in China history. According to historical documents such as Historical Records of Xia Benji, when the fourth king of Xia Dynasty was in power, a coup took place and the emperor was killed. At that time, the emperor's wife was pregnant and fled to her family. Du Kang, a teenager, lives by grazing. He hangs his meal on the tree and often forgets to eat it. After a while, Shao Kang found that the leftovers hanging on the tree had changed their taste, and the juice produced was unexpectedly sweet and abnormal, which aroused his interest. After repeated research and thinking, he finally discovered the principle of natural fermentation. He consciously followed suit and constantly improved, and finally formed a complete set of brewing technology, thus laying the foundation stone of China's brewing industry-Du Kang, and the wine he brewed was named "Dukang Wine" ("Shuo Wen Jie Zi")

Tea shop-Luyu

Lu Yu (733 -804), the word hung-chien; In the Tang Dynasty, he was born in Jingling (now Tianmen City, Hubei Province), Han nationality. A disease, the word season defect,No. Jinglingzi, Sangzhuweng, Donggangzi, named "Chashan Shi Yu". He loved tea all his life and was good at tea ceremony. He is famous for his first monograph on tea in the world, Tea Classic, and has made outstanding contributions to the development of tea industry in China and the world. He is known as "tea fairy", "Cha Sheng" and "Tea God". He is also very good at writing poems, but his poems are few in the world at present. He has a strong interest in tea, long-term investigation and research, familiar with tea planting, breeding and processing technology, and good at tea tasting. In the early years of Shang Yuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 760), Lu Yu lived in seclusion all over the south of the Yangtze River and wrote three volumes of Tea Classic, which became the first monograph on tea in the world.

Chief-Qin Qiong

Qin Qiong (57 1 ~ 638), born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong Province), was the founding general of the Tang Dynasty and one of the 24 outstanding figures of Lingyange. In novels like The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Qin Qiong is on a business trip. In fact, Qin Qiong's original record is that he was a general in the Sui Dynasty to take care of his son.

Prostitute-Guan Zhong, the god with white eyebrows

Guan Zhong was a great politician in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the Qing Dynasty, Ji Yun said in the Notes of Yuewei Caotang: "A prostitute worships Guan Zhong and her daughter is 300." Regarding the issue of "300 women", the Warring States Policy and Eastern Zhou Policy said: "There are seven cities in Qi Huangong Palace, and there are 700 women, but there are none in China." Ming metabolism "Five Miscellaneous Notes" says: "Governing 700 women, please marry at night to help the army." Guan Zhong was regarded as the founder and god of prostitutes by later generations because she was the earliest public and large-scale prostitute recorded in history.

Shen Defu, a well-known figure, said in "Wan Ye Li Bu Bian" that the white-browed god has a long beard and rides a knife. He looks slightly like Guan Gong, but his eyebrows are white and his eyes are red. When people in Beijing look at it, it means "white eyebrows are blind", and they will be disgusted, and their obscenity can be heard. Tsui Hark's Qing Qian said that he was also called the demon god: "The magic of prostitutes exists, and prostitutes' homes in the north will provide it to the white-browed god, that is, the demon god, and pray for it day and night." For thousands of years, prostitutes have been very respectful to the white-browed god. "You recommend a pillow to others first, and you will worship this god with Ai Ya (husband pig, referring to prostitute), and then make a promise, and it is natural for the north and the south."