What is the history and present situation of sumo?

Sumo, called Su Dance in ancient times, originated in China in the Han Dynasty. The two Hercules were topless and wrestled with each other. Until the 7th century, at the funeral of Emperor Ingya (A.D. 453), China sent a special envoy to Japan to perform a vegetarian dance, which was considered to be the first time that China sumo was introduced to Japan, which had a certain influence on the primitive sumo in Japan. Later, it became the international martial arts, fighting and sports in Japan. As a professional competitive event, it is called sumo in Japan.

China and Japanese have sumo in history. Judging from some unearthed cultural relics, the image of China Jiaodi in Qin and Han Dynasties is very similar to the popular Japanese sumo. At the latest in the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, China had the name of sumo. Sumo was popular in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The name sumo gradually disappeared in the middle of Qing Dynasty.

Japan's book The Beginning of Sumo says that Japanese sumo first appeared in 23 BC. Japanese Sports Encyclopedia records: "Japanese sumo is related to China corner kick and boxing." The book Tonggou, co-authored by Japanese historical archaeologist Hiroshi Ikeuchi and Umehara Sueji, also said that Japanese sumo is very similar to the corner map on the wall of an ancient tomb unearthed in Ji 'an County, Jilin Province, China. The form and rules of sumo competition are similar to those of China in Tang and Song Dynasties. Since17th century, professional sumo has sprung up all over Japan, which is called "Grand Sumo". Modern sumo began to form in18th century. By the beginning of the 20th century, sumo was widely developed as Japan's "national skill". Up to now, the sumo competition in Japan is held six times a year, at 1 month, March, May, July, September and 1 1 month, which has become one of the favorite sports of the masses. The following are the technical requirements and competition rules of sumo, a popular sport in Japan.

Sumo wrestlers should not only have strength, but also have skilled skills, which is the key to winning or losing the competition. Techniques can be roughly divided into pushing, throwing, grasping, pulling, flashing, pressing and tripping. Athletes use their neck, shoulders, hands, arms, chest, abdomen, waist, knees, legs and feet flexibly to attack each other. Athletes (called Lux in Japan) are divided into 10 grades according to their sports performance: preface, preface, curtain, XII, head, summary, Guan Wei, Guanguan and Yokozuna. Yokozuna is an athlete's highest title and a lifelong honorary title. The quality of hairstyles and belts of athletes of Grade 6 above Grade 12 is different from that of Grade 4 under the curtain. During the competition, athletes of Grade 6 and above are required to enter the stadium and wear cosmetic aprons. Sumo referees (known as line points in Japan) are also divided into 10 grades according to their age. The level of a sumo referee is called "Ge", and "Yokozuna Ge" is the highest title of a referee. Their ranks are marked by the color of the tassels on the command fan. The fan used by the referee to direct is called "military competition", and the party pointed by the fan is the winner.

Sumo originated from the religious ceremony of Japanese Shintoism. People hold competitions for the god of harvest in temples, hoping to bring a good harvest. In Nara and heian period, sumo was a court sport, but in Kamakura and the Warring States period, sumo became a part of samurai training. Professional sumo began in the18th century, which is very similar to the present sumo competition. Shinto ceremony emphasizes sumo, and the purpose of stamping before the game is to drive away the evil spirits in the field and also to relax the muscles. Salt should be sprinkled on the ruins to achieve the purpose of purification, because Shinto believes that salt can drive away ghosts. Sumo is played on the table. The whole table is square, with a circle in the middle and a diameter of 4.55 meters. In the competition, two lux stood almost naked on the stage with their hair in a bun and pocket belts. In the competition, Lux must not touch the table or cross the circle except the sole of his foot. You can decide the game in a minute or two or even a few seconds. Sumo referee * * * consists of six people. The referee is the "secretary" with a folding fan, and the other five people are in the front row, east, west and referee's seat respectively. The highest rank of Hercules is "Yokozuna". Here are the Grand View, Guan Wei, Summary and Neck Front. These four grades are called "in-screen" and belong to the upper layer of soil. Again, there are twelve scenes, in addition to which there are three subordinate items and three sequences. The bottom layer is called preface. An ordinary lux needs a lot of efforts to get a higher level; It is impossible to get the lowest score without hard work.

Sumo is known as the quintessence of Japan, also known as wrestling and wrestling. . Sumo originated in China. "Book of Rites and Moon Order": "The son of heaven ordered the generals to talk about martial arts and learn to shoot and wrestle". Later, it was introduced to Japan. It was first seen in Japan's Collection of Benevolence. It flourished after the Nara era. 7 19 years (three years for providing for the aged), the imperial court set up the department of pulling out (post-prime minister). In heian period, there is a sumo festival every July. After the Kamakura era, as a martial art, it became popular among samurai. At the end of 17, for-profit professional sumo emerged. During the Edo period, professional surrender sumo was popular, and Edo became the national sumo center. There was a brief decline during the Meiji Restoration. At the beginning of Showa, nationalism rose and sumo was revived. After the war, there were sumo courts in Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka and Nagoya. As a mass sports activity, it is still quite popular among the people all over the country.

Sumo is the only form of wrestling in Japan. It has a long history as a Japanese Shintoism. At present, there are still many traditional ceremonies. The most basic rule of sumo is that in a round of competition, the player who touches the ground before his opponent or touches the ground more than his opponent is a loser. The entanglement between players often lasts for a few seconds, sometimes as long as a minute or more. Japan holds six sumo competitions every year. Every time 15 days. Three competitions were held in Tokyo, and the rest were held in Osaka, Fukuoka and Nagoya. The highest level of sumo: Yokozuna is the highest level of sumo. Once a player reaches the level of Yokozuna, he can't lose again. If his grades start to get worse, I hope he retires.

According to archaeological data, the earliest nude sumo may have come from the Hu people riding horses in Ordos grassland. Since the Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of Wuhu people moved south to the agricultural plain, and Han people began to have the name of sumo. Today, however, there is no such name. If we want to find the clues of naked sumo, there may still be the tradition of "wrestling with mud" and "scratching sheep" in the Hu people's pasture in Dingxiang and Yuanping, Shanxi Province today, and there may still be some traces of nomadic and horse-riding sumo! According to archaeological data, the Yamato nationality in the farming island country, the earliest naked sumo wrestling, probably came from Koguryo, a riding nationality on the Korean peninsula, and was introduced from the Korean peninsula after the Western Jin Dynasty or later in the korean king era. After more than ten centuries, today it has developed into a national skill with its own national characteristics.

In 695, there was a sumo competition in Japan. In 728 AD, sumo entered the life circle of Japanese aristocrats, and a "Sumo Festival" was set up in the court, which was held regularly every year with competition rules. More than 400 years later, with the decline of imperial power, sumo festival began to spread among the people, and it was related to folk activities such as worshipping gods, exorcising demons, celebrating harvest and unlucky luck. From the17th century, professional sumo began to rise, and it was widely developed as a Japanese national technology in the early 20th century. 1909, the National Museum of Technology dedicated to sumo competition was built in Tokyo, 194 1 year, and it was even listed as a formal subject of school physical education. So far, the national technical status of sumo has been further affirmed in Japan. Professional sumo is regarded as a noble profession, and people respect sumo wrestlers wherever he goes. It is said that this has a lot to do with the traditional Japanese concept of emperor and monarch, because ancient sumo wrestlers can only perform for the emperor in front of the imperial court. At that time, the "Sumo Festival" was one of the important ceremonies in the palace. Sumo wrestlers are lucky enough to win lifelong honors, and people regard them as heroes. After a long history, in the shogunate era when samurai were in power, even today, people still respect them very much. Sumo wrestlers are contemporary professional sumo competitions and must pass the training courses organized by sumo association. Strict training includes ideological cultivation, diet, sumo techniques, sports medicine, physiology and the study of China's poems.