Is the luxury toy "Banzhi" worn during archery in Qing Dynasty?

Is the luxury toy "Banzhi" worn during archery in Qing Dynasty?

Finger pulling was originally used to protect fingers when shooting arrows with a bow.

As a martial nation, Manchu people fight on the battlefield, bow and shoot arrows, which is their most work. In order to protect their fingers, Manchu people wear finger wrenches. The earliest finger wrenches were made of deer bones. Wear them on the thumb of the right hand and draw a bow to shoot arrows, which can prevent the fast arrow from scratching your fingers.

Later, we stopped fighting, and gradually, the fingers made of precious materials such as jade, gold and silver symbolized the status of power and also embodied the martial spirit of Manchu nobles. In the later period, it was purely for decoration, and the emperor sometimes rewarded the banzhi used by military commanders, which was not worn by purely civil servants.

Pull the finger, dysprosium

Pulling your fingers can prevent the bowstring from scratching your fingers.

Finger wrench is a hand protection tool, and the fingers worn on the hook string are used to buckle the bowstring. At the same time, it can also prevent fingers from being scratched by the bowstring that is quickly pulled up when releasing arrows. The ancients also called "machine", which is similar to "trigger", indicating that finger pulling is equivalent to trigger. The predecessor of Banzhi is dysprosium. Shuo Wen says that dysprosium can shoot, which means that this device is a riding and shooting tool. Dysprosium was first seen in the Shang Dynasty (from17th century BC to1th century BC), and it was very common to use banzhi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (from 8th century BC to 3rd century BC).

There are many styles of finger pulling.

Different nationalities have different fingering methods.

Due to the need to show off wealth, the texture of the finger-pulling has also developed from the original rhinoceros horn and camel bone to precious and smooth raw materials such as ivory, crystal, jade, porcelain, jadeite and tourmaline.

Most of the fingers worn by ordinary flag bearers are made of white jade. It is the best choice for nobles to choose jadeite, with different colors and spots. Green as water is priceless, and you dare not wear it easily if you are not noble. In terms of its size and thickness, it is also divided into civilian and military. Wu refers to many sides, and Wen refers to many outer walls.

As for the ring, it is also called "about finger" and commonly known as "hammer". Children of the Eight Banners have friends as well as congenial friends. A ring is usually used to show the spirit of unity. Each of them wears one with the words "They live in peace" engraved on it. Couples also use this ring to show that they have no second thoughts. The post-Han people also have a lot of influence on this trend.

There are many styles of finger pulling.

Finger-pulling is not a single shape, it also has a slope shape and a barrel shape.

For thousands of years, there have been various styles of finger-pulling. The most important ones are sloping fingers and barrel fingers. Slope-shaped fingering appeared earlier, with chord grooves at the earliest, and was later cancelled. In China, the inclined fingerboard was used until the Ming Dynasty.

Abroad, Turks, Turks and Koreans still use it. In the meantime, there are all kinds of finger wrenches. In Mongolia and Qing Dynasty, barrel fingers were mainly used. Traditional Chinese board paper is slightly different from full-covered paper: Chinese board paper is trapezoidal in side view, that is, one side is high and the other side is low, while full-covered paper is generally cylindrical.

According to textual research, the barrel-shaped finger wrench was mainly unearthed after14th century. /kloc-After 0/7th century, Manchu developed Banzhi into jewelry.

Wu Banzhi refers to many plain faces, while Wen Banzhi refers to many poems or patterns cast outside.

According to the meaning of the ring, it is worn on the finger and contains warning notices engraved with the words "quit smoking", "abstain from drinking" and "abstain from color".

Those who persuade people to quit smoking, drinking and abstinence will get together and carve a ring for them. The most common rings for the children of the Eight Banners are often engraved with their own names, and this trend has continued for a long time.

There have always been many ways to write "Banzhi", such as "Banzhi", "Bangzhi" or "Banzhi". This has caused many questions. But in fact, these are homophones, and people who don't know the inside story will think that this is an inevitable problem of transliteration. But in fact, the word "Banzhi" is more worthy of the name.

Sheep's head in the early Warring States period.

Died in the Han Dynasty.

Because the function of pulling fingers is mainly equivalent to "trigger". Qi Jiguang, a general in the Ming Dynasty, used "machine" as the title of stagnation. Because the effect of finger pulling is similar to that of the ancient crossbow machine. Both of them buckle the string to accumulate the strength of the bow, and then release the bow (crossbow) string and launch the arrow.

As a dynasty established from a semi-slave tribe, there was the A Qing Dynasty, and the hierarchy was extremely strict. Although it is small, it is also limited by a strict hierarchy. Banzhi made of precious materials such as jade, agate and coral is not aristocratic, so ordinary people can't wear it at will. The first choice of Manchu nobles is the producer of jadeite materials. Their colors are different, their patterns are different, and they are more valuable than those that are clear as water. Non-royal aristocrats dare not wear it easily.

Ivory and porcelain are the fingers most commonly worn by ordinary people. Most of the fingers worn by ordinary flag bearers are made of white jade. These differences, in those days, were signs of judging rank status, but now they are yardsticks to measure market prices and collection value. The size of fingering depends on the user's civil and military status. The fingering of martial arts is multifaceted, and the fingering of writing style is more than the poems or patterns on the outer wall.

Imperial banzhi

Banzhi made of precious materials such as jade and agate is worn by princes and nobles, not civilians.

Banzhi is dressed in a strict hierarchy, so the best in Banzhi is naturally the emperor's imperial thing. Whether it is identity, material, craft, decoration, it is the pinnacle. From Dourgen's entry to the emperor shunzhi's first foothold in the Central Plains, and then to the three dynasties in Kang Yong, the court system had strict conventions and regulations.

First, according to the emperor's decree, the Qing Palace Construction Department asked professional institutions such as jade workers and dentists to make patterns according to the emperor's wishes and preferences, and they could be made after the emperor himself revised and confirmed them. In order to make a useful finger wrench, Emperor Qianlong sent orders and finger wrenches back and forth seven times in a row when he went out for the summer, asking craftsmen to modify them. On the imperial board, there are often sculptures with strong humanistic atmosphere, such as imperial poems, poems and paintings, and special court decorations.

This kind of fingering is the most skillful work at that time, and it is also the concentrated expression of the palace culture and the emperor's own temperament, cultural ideal and aesthetic taste at that time. However, the number of such fingers is very limited.

Yu ci ban zhi

Even noble princes and ministers dare not wear banzhi, which is more precious than that used by the emperor.

For many Banzhi in the south of the Yangtze River paid tribute by senior officials and vassal states or customized by the imperial court, the emperor often gave them to senior officials, minions and royal relatives, not himself. For example, Emperor Qianlong would give such a banzhi to the generals who won the battles in Jinchuan after the pacification department.

Death jewelry

As a jewel, Banzhi was once on the verge of extinction. An important reason is inconvenience. The more important reason is that after the late Qing Dynasty, hot weapons gradually replaced cold weapons. The Qing dynasty, which was afraid that foreigners would master advanced weapons and influence the rule, insisted on "riding and shooting in Manchu" and finally failed to stop the historical trend. Therefore, Banzhi, as the jewelry of Manchu and Mongolian Eight Banners, only existed for about a hundred years. As a kind of jewelry, Banzhi is just a plaything, so it is often called "Banzhi" in a contemptuous tone.

Maintenance experience

There are many styles and materials for pulling fingers. But most of them are made of white jade.

Nowadays, even if someone buys a pleasant finger wrench, few people know how to play and care. Fashionable gentlemen who are used to watches and ties may not understand the truth of old things maintenance. Banzhi was originally made of rhinoceros horn and animal bones. However, the fingers of the children of the Eight Banners are mostly used to show off their wealth. These hard materials are very "tough" and have obvious grinding feel.

Therefore, the children of the Eight Banners have higher requirements on the manufacturing process of the finger wrench: the surface of the finger wrench must be very smooth, and the part of the barrel that touches the finger cannot be "smooth" (that is, "smooth and supple"). When not in use, it is often necessary to rub hands repeatedly, so that the "burr" invisible to the naked eye in production gradually reaches smoothness through the "touch" and "rubbing" of hands, which is similar to the polishing process of modern production technology.

Maintenance method

The maintenance method depends on the original materials produced.

According to different materials, there are different finger pulling and nursing methods. For example, ivory fingers generally have groove marks, so always wipe the stains in the groove marks, but use good fur. Ivory products usually crack after 50 or 60 years, so it is seldom washed with water, but with rouge (pure natural material) and distiller's grains, which not only has a good cleaning and disinfection effect, but also will not make impurities in water penetrate into ivory to form stains.

If possible, you can make an inner container of rosewood for ivory fingering, because rosewood is slightly fragrant, can absorb water, and can achieve the effect of caring for ivory. The maintenance of jadeite and jadeite finger wrench is basically the same as that of jade bracelet. When you play, use the meat from your fingertips to polish Banzhi.

Other banzhi

The Qing dynasty was hierarchical, and the prince's banzhi was insurmountable. (The above are all online pictures)

Apart from the imperial system and the imperial class, the "flower exploration" in Ban Zhi is also customized by royal imperial families such as the prince, the county king, Baylor and Beizi, and is often engraved with the private seal of the imperial family. Prince's banzhi given to slaves, subordinates or friends and relatives also belongs to this category.

The hierarchical system in Qing Dynasty was extremely strict, even the prince could not surpass the system, so he rarely wrote poems on it, and his craftsmanship and materials did not dare to surpass the emperor's preferences, so his value was naturally inferior. Next came General Wang, General Fuyuan and their colleagues' subordinate generals, namely He Shouyong, dowry, memorial or divination, and commerce.