What was the origin and development of Shang Dynasty?

Shang nationality developed for a long time before the end of summer. The earliest activities were along the eastern Bohai Sea coast and in Henan and Hebei provinces, which had many similarities with the ancient indigenous peoples in Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula. There is a myth that the mysterious bird is the ancestor, and there are habits such as divination with animal bones, killing people and wearing white clothes. "Preface to Shangshu" records: "As for self-agreement, Tang Baqian." According to Wang Guowei, Qi and Zhaoming moved stones to merchants, Taishan and Shangqiu, merchants moved Yin and Shangqiu, and soup destroyed summer, which was the eighth move. Then there were five migrations. The so-called "Yin people moved repeatedly, the first eight moved and then five moved", that is, Zhong Ding moved to Ao, Jia moved to Xiang, Zu Ti moved to Xing, Nangeng moved to An Xuan, and finally settled in Yin (now Anyang, Henan) in Pan Geng, that is, five moved. From then on, "don't move the capital for 273 years until it is destroyed", so Shang can also be called Yin or Yin Shang. The repeated migration of businessmen may be due to the oppression of foreign nationalities, floods and droughts, or the expansion of land to more fertile areas, which does not necessarily mean that early businessmen are nomads. The scope of migration is probably in today's Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and Shandong.

From the Shang Dynasty to the end of the Tang Dynasty, * * * spread to the 17 and 3 1 generation kings. According to historical records, Wang Shi was a Shang Dynasty? Yin Benji, combined with Oracle Bone Inscriptions's investigation, is basically credible except for a few mistakes. Before making soup, it passed from deed to soup to the fourteenth generation. "Mandarin? Zhou Yu said: "The merchants of the king of Qin flourished in the fourth generation", that is, the so-called "first public" period of merchants. Is this in the historical records? It is also recorded in Yin Benji and Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Shang Zicheng, Pan Geng moved to Yin, and during the period of Wu Ding, after frequent wars with neighboring countries, its territory and influence expanded unprecedentedly. According to scientific excavations, Yindu is located in Xiaotun Village in the northwest of Anyang, Henan Province, and in more than 20 villages around Huanshui River, such as Hougang, Gaolouzhuang, Xuejiazhuang, Huayuanzhuang, Xiaozhuang, Sipanmo, Xiaomintan, Dasikong Village, Xiaosikong Village, Wuguan Village, Houjiazhuang, Qiukou and Le Tong Village, with an area of more than 24 square kilometers. The ruling area of Shang Dynasty centered on Wang Ji was the Central Plains in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, namely, northern Henan and southern Hebei. However, its influence ranges from Shandong Peninsula in the east to western Shaanxi, Jianghan Basin in the south and northern Hebei in the north. As for the influence of its culture on various places, it is far beyond this scope. Archaeological data show that the "Lake Cooked Culture" in the southeast and south of China, the "Wucheng Culture" in the northwest of Jiangxi, the "Bashu Culture" in the southwest of Sichuan, and the "Xiajiadian Lower Culture" in Inner Mongolia and northern Liaoning were all influenced by the Shang culture to varying degrees.