Legends about the Three Gorges

Three Gorges Complex and Landscape Win Guo Pu

Liu immortal

The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River was originally hidden in the mountains, and it didn't surface until the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, it became famous and became a pilgrimage site for literati and poets, which really benefited from the wide spread of a number of works describing the scenery of the Three Gorges, such as Yidu Mountains and Rivers, Jingzhou Ji, Shui Jing Zhu and Fu Jiang. This paper focuses on the contribution and far-reaching influence of Guo Pu, a famous writer and archaeologist in the Jin Dynasty, in promoting the geographical culture of the Three Gorges. Among the long ranks of cultural celebrities in the Three Gorges ancient times, Guo Pu is the most worthy of attention and study. There are three reasons: first, he is the first writer to live in the Three Gorges area and has lived here for the longest time. Guo Pu first arrived in the Three Gorges in 297 AD, 2700 years ago, which lasted for three years, equivalent to Du Fu's life in the Three Gorges, but more than 900 years earlier than Du Fu. Secondly, the purpose of Guo Pu's visit to the Three Gorges is quite different from that of literati (such as Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi and Ouyang Xiu) since the Tang and Song Dynasties. The latter was demoted to the Three Gorges area as an official and felt it during his tenure. Guo Pu made a special trip to the Three Gorges to interview and write. In addition to writing poems and fu, he also dabbled extensively in the historical geography, natural resources, myths and legends of the Three Gorges area and integrated them into his works, which is rare among other cultural celebrities who came to the Three Gorges.

Textual research on Guo Pu's life and works

Guo Pu's life and works are not chronicled. There has been a comprehensive description and evaluation of Guo Pu in history books, mainly the biography of Jin Shu Guo Pu (biography 42). Although Guo Chuan has more than 5,000 words, it records many examples of Guo Pu's activities in yin and yang divination and calendar calculation, but it doesn't mention Guo Pu's date of birth and our most concerned experiences and activities, such as his visit to the father of the magistrate of Ren Jianping County in Wushan, Three Gorges, and his annotation of Erya in Yiling, Xiakou, etc. Nevertheless, Guo Chuan outlined Guo Pu's personality and life track for us. Sichuan said, "Guo Pu's words are pure and pure, and Hedong people are also happy." Look up "Hedong Wenxi", which is now wenxi county. This county is located in the upper reaches of the Sushui River, a tributary of the Yellow River, so it is called Hedong. Guo Pu was born in Xianning, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty (AD 276). "I am good at classics, knowledgeable and talented, but I am not good at talking. The word is the crown of ZTE, and the ancient word is better than the yin and yang calendar. " Biography only points out that Guo Pu is not good at words, but he greatly appreciates his erudition and literary achievements. There is also a systematic and comprehensive record of Guo Pu's life works. In addition to divination and other works, his biography says that he "pays attention to erya, not to sound and meaning, but also comments on dialects (written by Han), Mu Zhuan, Shan Hai Jing, Chu Ci, Zi Xu and Shanglin (all fu) with tens of thousands of words to eulogize his poems. According to the Records of Jingji, Guo Pu also recorded "Sanzang": "Guo Pu wrote Cang Xie by Lisi, Xun Zengpian by Xiong and later Interview by Zhong Jia, so it was called" Sanzang ". Guo Pu's other works handed down from generation to generation are: Ten Volumes of Collected Works of Guo Pu, Collected Works of Guo Pu or Collected Works of Guo Pu? Unable to check. Due to various historical reasons, most of Guo Pu's works in Historical Records are scattered, so it is difficult for people to get a panoramic view. Very few works of Guo Pu have been preserved. As far as I know, * * * includes: Er Ya Zhu, which was merged with Er Ya Yi Shu by Hao Yixing in the Qing Dynasty and published in the Notes to Thirteen Classics, basically retaining the original appearance of Zhu Guo; Notes on Shan Hai Jing and Biography of Mu were reprinted by Yuelu Bookstore 199 1, which are the only versions of Guo Pu's annotations. Fu Jiang is a work of ci and fu in Selected Works edited by Tong. There is no special collection of poems. The Selected Works contains 7 poems about immortals, and The Source of Ancient Poems compiled by Shen Qing Deqian contains 1 poem about immortals in addition to 7 poems about immortals. According to records, there are 19 poems about immortals written by Guo Pu, and more than ten other poems have not been circulated so far. Guo Pu's Mountain and Sea Map is a poem with pictures and also a poem, but it has been lost. Recently, Ma Changyi, a scholar who studied The Classic of Mountains and Seas, compiled The Classic of Mountains and Seas, which was circulated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and named it "Ancient Books, Hai Tu Zan", which was published by Shandong Pictorial Press 200 1, and included 303 poems of Hai Tu Zan by Guo Pu. Although it is difficult to determine whether this is all the poems of Guo Pu's "Praise of Mountains and Seas", so many poems are still preserved. Guo Pu said that "there are tens of thousands of words to eulogize poetry and fu". I wonder if it includes Tu Zan? If it is one of them, Guo Pu's works in this field can basically spread all over the world.

Guo Pu entered the official career because his talents and works were appreciated by the Jin emperors. Guo Pu biography: "Pu wrote" Fu Jiang ",the word is very famous, and later wrote" Nanjiao Fu ",which was praised by the emperor and considered as Zuo Lang's work." Zuo Lang is just a powerless civil servant, and his bumpy official career is closely related to his lofty and aloof character of "thinking that talents have advantages and disadvantages". And his early death was caused by "good divination"; After "Wang Dun joined the army as a recorder", Wang Dun wanted to rebel and asked Guo Pu to make a prediction. "Guo Pu is doomed, so he was killed by Wang Dun. The biography says, "When he was executed, he was forty-nine, and Wang Dunping posthumously awarded Governor Hongnong. "Guo Pu was killed in the second year of Taining (AD 324) at the age of 48. A learned scholar died in a hurry when his life was maturing. What a jealous genius!

Guo Pu's Complex of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River

The reason why Guo Puqi trudged from Qianshan Mountain to the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River to deeply live and collect thoughts, and lived in Yiling, the ancient city of Xiakou (now Yichang City) for a long time to write is a kind of fate and a red line drawn by his father. Guo Pu's "Biography of Father" has such a brief description: "Father Yuan's history is a history book, while fashion books are increasing and refuting, so it is famous for being a Communist Party. Finally, Jianping Taishou. " Refutation can be used to state right and wrong and propose solutions to objections. Guoyuan dares to "refute" the "profit and loss" of his boss, Shangshu Du Yu, which shows his integrity. Guo Pu is indomitable in the face of Wang Dun's rebellious behavior in the future, precisely because he is deeply influenced by his father. According to "Official Records of Yichang Prefecture", "Those who can take the test of Jin are Yidu Taishou 11 and Jianping Taishou 1" are; The official list also indicates in the name of Guoyuan that "Pufu Guoyuan is the Jianping magistrate." According to the examination, in the seventh year of Jin Yuankang (AD 297), Guo Pu, at the age of 265,438+0, came to Jianping County, which belonged to the Three Gorges Jin Dynasty, to treat Wushan, and visited his father, who was the prefect here. The magnificent scenery and unique ethnic customs of the Three Gorges have deeply attracted the youth in the north. After a comprehensive tour and investigation of the scenery of the Three Gorges, he chose to settle down for a long time and lived in Yiling, Xiazhong County. Why did Guo Pu choose Yiling instead of Wushan? This is also a big question when I first dabbled in Guo Pu's historical sites. To solve this problem, we must understand the changes of Jianping County and its geographical scope.

At the end of the Three Kingdoms, there were two Jianping counties in the history of China, one belonging to Wu and the other to Jin.

"Tongdian County Records" contains: "Zigui, Wujia Jianping County is here"; "Wushan is located in Jianping County, Shanxi Province."

"Reading Historical Records" contains: "Jianping City, in the east of Zhouzhou (Guizhou), is the place of Zigui. Sun Wu named Jianping County after this city. Wucheng is eighty-five miles southeast of the state. " "Sun Wu Yongan set up Jianping County in two years, and the gold was incorporated into Jianping County set up by Jin. "He also said:" Jin first established Jianping County to govern Wushan County, the state capital of Kuizhou, and then merged with Wu County. "

In this regard, the "County Records of Zigui" (199 1 version) clearly States: "In the third year of Wu Yong 'an (260 years), Wu Zhusun established Yidu (county), set up Jianping County, and governed four counties including Zigui, and the county ruled the southeast of Zigui. "

Therefore, when the father county of Beaufort was the newly-built Pingjun County after the merger of Wu and Jin counties, its jurisdiction reached the east of Mao Ping today, only dozens of miles away from Yiling, and Jiangzhou could travel back and forth in one day. It is precisely because Yiling is close to its own jurisdiction and its living and writing conditions are better than Wushan that Guo Pu chose Yiling.

Scholars have different opinions about the time when Guo Pu came to the Three Gorges. Because there is no clear record in ancient books, there is only the saying of "avoiding the southeast". The author speculates mainly from the writing age of Fu Jiang and the time when his father Ren Jianping was the prefect. Because Guo Pu has special feelings for Jianping and Yiling, he mentioned them many times in his works. After he wrote The Classic of Mountains and Seas, "the first minister was called Meng Tu, who was the God of Ba ... and lived in the mountains. In Dan of Shanxi, he recorded:" Danyang City is located in Zigui County, seventy miles east of Jianping County, where Meng Tu lived. " After the West Wild Classic: "Wushan is now Jianping County." "The Minjiang River, the largest river, goes out of Wenshan" in Haineijing is noted as follows: "This river goes out of Wenshan County, Minshan County, to the southeast of Shu County, to the northeast of Jiangyang, and passes through Badong, Jianping, Yidu, Nanjun and Jiangxia ..." After the Yangtze River went out of Shu, it passed through many places, and Guo Pu pointed out Badong, Jianping and Yidu, which was an affair. Guo Pu's views on landscapes and products in Jianping and Yiling areas are also described in his works, which will be discussed later.

The story of Guo Pu living in Yiling of the Three Gorges was first seen in Yu Yu's Jingzhou Ji. Unfortunately, this book has not been released today. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, more and more scholars came to visit the Three Gorges, and Guo Pu's footprints in Yiling were known to more people. Travel into Shu records:

"Cluster in Chusai Building, across Erya Pavilion, there are two volumes of Haitang in front of the court, which is also a century-old thing. Er Ya Tai, Tu Jing thought that Guo Jingchun was here to pay attention to Er Ya. "

The Tujing mentioned above should be regarded as one of the local chronicles such as the Tujing of Yiling. Lu You not only "crossed Eryatai", but also read the records in the local Atlas, so he said this. Looking up all kinds of local chronicles, there are many poems, fu, preface and notes about Guo Pu and Er Yatai, which have been handed down from generation to generation, but there is no trace of fiction. The first draft of Yichang County Records (1936 edition) is a collection of historical materials from Yiling-Donghu-Yichang County for more than 2,000 years. It listed Guo Pu as a "biography" as "Liu Yu", and another biography wrote:

"Shanhaijing summarized JingChun, hedong Wenxi people, father been reflected for Jianping satrap, namely the Pakistanis today. Yongjia Rebellion took refuge in the southeast. In this city, there are two stations, Erya and Yue Ming, and in the east, there is Mo Chi, which is said to be the remains of Guo Pu's writing. Jiang Fuyun wrote: Tiger's teeth mourn Jingmen. Its land is in this city, and it is suspected that its overseas Chinese stayed at that time. This county is an old base area, and rumors have passed. " Qing Wu Qin Sheng's "Ya Ji of Ertang" said: "However, the Er Ya Tai in the north of the city originated in Guo Pu, although it is still in the official residence. Pu's father kept Jianping, that is, he returned today, Badong, Xingshan and Jianshi, as "Donghu Zhi" has said. And Yu's Jingzhou Ji is Linzhou County ... Fu Jiang described the situation of Xiakou in detail, that is, there are more than a thousand immortals and Qingxi people nearby. The name of Zitai was written by Ren Liang, written by Song Yueshi and Lu You ... Because it is the second generation notes of Xichuan people, Guo's notes are the oldest. "

Ming Leisi needs the book Yu Fang Shu of Jingzhou: "In the northwest corner of the city, Guo Jingchun notes Eryatai, and Mo Chi is washed in the east, which is the place where Jingchun washes inkstones. Today, its water is still black. " County Records contains many articles about Erya Taifu, all of which describe Guo Pu's living abroad. Among them, there is a cloud: "When Hui (Emperor) was pregnant with (Emperor), Jingchun and her husband formed an indissoluble bond, and the guards followed the army. The five priests were named Jinling, and the stack clock was completed in Huiji. Jianping went out to defend and determined to make contributions to a province in Zigui.

It's been over a thousand years. Because of its long history, our understanding of Guo Pu depends entirely on written records. Fortunately, these precious records in ancient books and local chronicles have outlined the general context of Guo Pu's activities in the Three Gorges and his remains during his residence in Yiling. To sum up, there are roughly the following points:

First, Guo Pu's trip to Jianping and Yiling was mainly to visit his father in the province, and he may also have the intention of avoiding war, that is, the so-called "Yongjia rebellion, avoiding the southeast." The reason why he lives in Yiling is to "save his family's leisure time and leave elegant notes." Guo Pu told himself in Xu Ya: "I don't want to pray for ignorance, but I have learned very little. I have studied for 29 years and drilled for 29 years. Although I wrote down more than 10 people, I didn't make detailed preparations. " This shows that it took him eighteen years to annotate Er Ya, so the author speculates that Guo Pu's Yiling may be the first draft of Er Ya Zhu, and it is impossible to complete the annotation of Er Ya in just three years.

Secondly, during the Yiling period of the Three Gorges, Guo Pu not only commented on Erya, but also created some other works, mainly Fu Jiang and Poems about Immortals. Ancient scholars often concluded that "Fu Jiang" was the work of Guo Pu Three Gorges Jianping Yiling, that is, "Fu on the River". This makes sense, because Guo Pu, who grew up in the Yellow River valley, can only write "Fu Jiang" with a huge word if he personally sees and feels the Yangtze River. As for "Poems of Wandering Immortals" (seven poems), we can know from the content that it was written after he visited Qingxi and Guiguzi Cave in Dangyang in the east of the gorge. Wu said to him, "It's nearby, too." In fact, Qingxi is at the junction of Dangyang and Yuan 'an today, only a hundred miles away from Yichang, and now it is under the jurisdiction of Yichang. Guo Pu left his climbing footprints in the scenic spots around Yiling, and his works are the best proof.

Thirdly, Guo Pu's remains in Yiling mainly include Eryatai and Xi Mo Chi. According to the "Yichang Fuzhi City Wall Map" published by Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Eryatai is between Beizuomen and Zhenchuanmen, which is about the lower section of Xiling Road. Hong Liangpin's "Bajichuan City" says: "The northwest corner of Yiling City, Guo Jingchun notes Eryatai, and Taidong washes Mo Chi, which is the place where Jingchun washes ink. Today, its water is still black. " Er Yatai is actually a science. When it is a brick-wood structure, its scale may not be grand. Zhiyun: "It is said that the clouds in Taiwan Province are flat and the city is flat, just like a towering mound." Guo Pu summed up the five elements of Yin and Yang, and chose Linjiang-Gaofu to build a platform, which exactly embodies the artistic conception of "South Fire and North Water are in their respective positions, East Wood and West Gold are in their corners" ... and the central government lives in it. Shelyatai has disappeared since the Qing Dynasty, making modern people unable to see the beauty of this ancient culture.

The Three Gorges Scenery Showed by Jiang Bin

From the Sushui River in the Yellow River valley to the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in the south is a new starting point for Guo Pu's life journey and literary career. The vastness and majesty of the Yangtze River and the magnificence and magic of the Three Gorges have broadened his horizons, enriched his knowledge and inspired his thinking and inspiration. Fu Jiang is the crystallization of Guo Pu's trip to the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Because the central political power and cultural center in ancient China was located in the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin, people knew little about the Yangtze River, even in Yugong, there was only a simple description. Guo Pu's Fu Jiang is an unprecedented work and the first comprehensive ode to the Yangtze River. In this passionate Long Fu, we have seen the magnificent and precipitous natural landscape, rich products and magical ancient myths from the Three Gorges to Yichang River, and the picturesque scenery is intoxicating. It is not very accurate for predecessors to explain the origin of Fu Jiang and Yiling with "Fu Jiang detailing the territory of Xiakou". In my humble opinion, the most vivid and wonderful fragment written in Fu Jiang is the description of the landscape from martial arts to Jingmen and Huya:

"Consulting five talents is the primate of true water virtue; However, the Guiding River in Minshan Mountain originated here from the beginning. Began in Beijing, and gathered in Wan Chuan tiger bully beam. Rushing to the Wuxia Gorge, the lightning speed, starting from Jiangjin, arrived by sea, with a huge amount, covering Hans and homesickness. Yuan Feiyan, Li, and Zhang, who came in first ... If it was a canyon in Badong, Xia Hou would dig it out and the rock would never rise. Tiger teeth stand upright, Jingmen is embarrassed. Round deep nine times with hanging Teng, thunder and electric shock, rough waves, rough waves flying thin, quickly add water, surging jump ... "

Fu first started from Minshan Minjiang River (the ancients thought that the Yangtze River originated in Minshan), and Wan Chuan and Baliang took it once, and then quickly turned to Wuxia in the Three Gorges, writing about the rapid excitement of Wuxia, the rise of Jiangjin and the monstrous river. From the "Three Gorges in Badong" to Huya and Jingmen (the ancients regarded this place as a gorge, not today's Nanjinguan), they returned to the Three Gorges and wrote towering mountains, with lightning and thunder, stormy waves and shocking Xiajiang. The reason why this passage is so specific, vivid and touching is closely related to Guo Pu's personal experience. In particular, the phrase "If it is Xia Hou in Badong Gorge" contains very precious information. "Xia Hou" means Dayu. Has Yu's footprint been to the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River? Ancient records do not tell us a clear answer. As far as I know, Guo Pu was the first scholar who proposed that the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River was dredged when Xia controlled the water. This statement is unusual, but it was quickly accepted by other scholars. After Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics, Guo said, "Its gorge was built by Yu and connected with the river, and it was called Badong Gorge, which was dredged." What is the basis of Guo Pu's statement? It may come from the records of the local chronicles of the Three Gorges at that time, or it may come from the folklore of the Three Gorges. During Guo Pu's life in the Three Gorges (Jianping) and Yiling, he must have seen the legend of Yu dredging the Three Gorges in the local Atlas, and heard the ancient legend of the Three Gorges folk that Wushan Goddess granted Tianshu the right to manage the gorge road and the magical cow helped Yu open the gorge road, and then wrote it accordingly.

Fu Jiang devoted a lot of space to describing and praising the richness of the Yangtze River. Write about aquatic products in the river:

"Fish are finless porpoise, jellyfish, uncle Spanish mackerel, king Spanish mackerel", "Other strange aquatic products are diving mandarin fish, fish cattle, tiger dumplings, fish hooks, ... jellyfish, eyes and leisure ..." The finless porpoise is now called Jiang Pig, and the jellyfish is now called Peach Blossom Fish.

Write Waterfowl: "Its feather family also includes morning storks, pheasants, young birds, gulls and dogs ..."

Write about minerals: "Gold mine, Danli, Yunjing, baked silver ... gold, jade and jade are filled in it, and Yao, Zhu and Kistler are its kings and pawns ..."

Write about the plants and vegetation on the river bank: "Qi Qi is thinner than Xuner, and it is hidden in Senling and Luo Feng ... Puyun Man ... the Yangtze River." On both sides of the river, all kinds of trees are lush and covered with vegetation. At that time, the good ecology of the Yangtze River was vivid.

Fu Jiang also highlights the rare birds and animals produced in the Yangtze River: "If it is a corner of the dragon carp, there are nine strange pigeons, three feet of turtles and six eyes." Most of these rare birds and animals come from the Three Gorges area and are recorded in Qu Fu and Shan Hai Jing. "Nine Questions" said: "Where is the shad? What is the pile? " "shad" is "dragon carp"; "Shan Hai Jing Overseas Xijing" contains: "The dragon fish mausoleum lives in the north, and its shape is like carp." Guo Pu's note: "Or arowana is like carp, a dime". According to scholars' research, "stubborn pile" is the "stubborn bird" in Shan Hai Jing. New Explanation of Heaven: "It should refer to a mysterious ghost bird." Compendium of Materia Medica: "Ghost bird, nine-headed bird." "Zhengzitong" said: "Jade bird (strange pigeon), demon bird, ghost car, nine-headed bird." In recent years, there have been many reports of nine-headed birds in the Three Gorges area. The reason why rare birds and animals are produced is because Guo Pu believes that this place is "the land where rivers flow, the land where clouds steam, the land where ghosts and monsters turn into products, and the land where strange things live." Describing the Three Gorges area with "grottoes and houses where strange things happened" shows Guo Pu's foresight. James Berest, a foreign scholar, wrote The Mysterious 30 Degrees North Latitude. He pointed out: "This latitude is also the location of countless puzzles in the world", which is a "mysterious zone" where strange things happen again and again. There are Changyang people, Wushan people and Yunxian people in China, and there are savage, nine-headed bird and white beast ... which can be called "strange caves". When Guo Pu recounted the romantic figures in the Yangtze River, he first admired Qu Yuan, who was born in the Three Gorges: "I am sad for (Qu Yuan's Lisao: Yu Jun) and sigh for the fisherman's glory song." Finally, he summed up his feelings about the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River: "Brokering heaven and earth, wonderful workmanship, wonderful words, things at the end of the pen, inexhaustible." Guo Pu can be said to have expressed the feelings of people of insight in ancient and modern times towards the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.

Paleontological Geographic Information of Three Gorges Revealed by Er Ya Zhu and Shan Hai Jing Zhu

Erya and Shan Hai Jing are two important pre-Qin ancient books in China. Erya is said to have been written by Duke Zhou, but most scholars believe that it was written at the end of the Warring States and the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, and it was finalized by many people. Known as the Dictionary of Ancient Chinese, it was upgraded to a "classic edition" in the late Tang Dynasty and included in the "Thirteen Classics" in the Qing Dynasty. Er Ya actually has the dual functions of a Chinese dictionary and an encyclopedia dictionary, and it is a classic work for studying ancient Chinese, ancient social life and natural geography. Shan Hai Jing is an ancient wonderful book. Scholars in ancient and modern times have different opinions on its nature, including geography and novels. Mr. Lu Xun thinks it is "a witch book that covers the sun." Meng, a famous historian, believes that Shan Hai Jing belongs to the South (East) school, and its origins mostly come from Ba, Shu and Jingchu. Many myths and legends can be confirmed by Chu Ci. So it has a deep relationship with the Three Gorges area.

Guo Pu's annotation on these two works is not only a great contribution to exegetics, but also a valuable cultural heritage he left us. Guo Pu's annotation of Er Ya and Shan Hai Jing mainly depends on his erudition, and a lot of knowledge naturally comes from extensive reading and learning from others. However, his life experience and what he saw and heard in Wushan and Yiling in the Three Gorges for several years are also of great benefit to the annotation work. When we study the "two notes", we can easily find that the notes about the scenery and products in the Three Gorges and Yichang areas must be very specific and accurate. This objectively preserves valuable information about the geography of mountains and rivers, the distribution of animals and plants in the Three Gorges and Yichang areas more than 600 years ago, and provides important reference materials for our study of paleogeography and paleontology. Now, I will only make some brief excerpts and discussions on these two aspects of information.

There are precious paleontological information in "Two Notes". Confucius once taught his disciples to "know more about the names of birds, animals and plants". There was no scientific classification of animals and plants in ancient times, so many cages were called. Erya is divided into seven categories: grass, wood, insects, fish, poultry and livestock. In terms of plants, the most noteworthy thing is tea. The Classic of Tea and Guo Pu Notes in Er Ya are considered as the earliest written records about tea.

Erya contains: "Yi, ancient tea." Guo Note: "The tree is as small as a mast, and leaves fall in winter, so you can cook soup. Today, the early pickers are tea, and the late pickers are tea. " "Tea" is an ancient word for tea. "The Three Gorges area is the birthplace of China tea, and the folk custom of drinking tea has a long history. Guo Pu's detailed explanation of tea stems from his familiarity with tea after he came to Yiling, which proves that Yichang area of the Three Gorges is one of the origins of China tea.

The names and shapes of some plants in Guopu have a strong local color of the Three Gorges. For example:

Tao Jing: "Today's Cherry".

"Papaya" Note: "It's really like a melon and edible."

"Pomelo" Note: "Like orange, sour, born in Jiangnan."

"Mei Ying" Note: "Bromus".

"Mulberry" Note: "Today it is called Mulberry. The tree is small and the elder is the mother mulberry. "

Things are transformed. In the 2nd/kloc-0th century, China still saw the bright moon in the Jin Dynasty and the scenery of the Three Gorges described by Guo Pu. What is its blessing?

About the author: Liu Immortal, Yichang Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Hubei Province.

(Editor: Zhang Lixian)