Good reading of the analects of confucius 3.2 1: It is evil to make people tremble, and let bygones be bygones.

Aigong asked his boss to kill me, and the butcher said to me: For pine, Yin people are cypresses, and Zhou people are chestnuts. Say: make the people tremble. Hearing this, Zi said, "It's no use crying over spilt milk. If you don't say anything, it's done. Let bygones be bygones."

translate

Lu Aigong asked me what tree the land god should use. I replied, "Pine trees were used in Xia Dynasty, cypress trees in Shang Dynasty and chestnut trees in Zhou Dynasty. Using chestnut trees means: make people tremble. " Hearing this, Confucius said, "Don't stir up right and wrong for things that have been settled, and don't discourage things that conform to public opinion. Let what has happened continue to be a disaster. "

To annotate ...

1, Ai Gong asked the Department to kill me, and the butcher told me: pine, cypress for Yin people and chestnut for Zhou people. Say: it makes people tremble ";

Lu Aigong, the son of Lu, was the 26th monarch of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and he ascended the throne in 494 BC. In the eleventh year of mourning for the public, Confucius ended his travels around the world and returned to Shandong.

"She" is the land god and "Ji" is the valley god. Ancient monarchs all offered sacrifices to the "country", so later they all referred to the "country". When offering sacrifices to the "club", either a stone or a tree is erected, thinking that God will rely on it. This is the "club owner". The issue of public funeral should refer to what kind of wood the "master" should use.

"Slay me", named Yu, is also called Slay me. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a Lu man, a famous disciple of Confucius, who once traveled around the world with Confucius. Confucius is twenty-nine years old. One of the "Ten Philosophers of Confucius", "Yan" ranks first. I am eloquent, active, thoughtful and good at asking questions. I am one of the few Confucius disciples who often raise objections to Confucius.

"Xia Houshi" means "King of Xia". In Xia Dynasty, Hou means Jun, so many monarchs in Xia Dynasty used the word Hou as the prefix, such as Hou Qi, Hou Xiang and Hou Jie. In Shang dynasty, the words "Hou" and "Wang" were also interchangeable. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the king of Zhou was called "the son of heaven", and the word "Hou" was used to refer to the king's wife.

"Tremble", trembling with fear, cold or excitement. Trembling with fear.

2. "Don't mention it now, let bygones be bygones";

"Success" means peace and reconciliation. Similar usages are: Zuo Zhuan meets Ji in the 11th year of success, and Li Zhoudi's official and unruly people, "Anyone who kills beyond the limit will be followed by the people". Therefore, a "success" means that it has been settled, reconciled and calmed down.

Say, comment, criticize and accuse. "Don't say" means don't stir up trouble.

"Sui", from ambition, that is, from the heart. "squire" is a matter of public opinion.

"remonstrate", rectify, recover and dissuade.

In the past, in the past. This refers to the sins of the past.

"Strange", disaster also, disaster also. Used here as a verb, meaning evil or doing evil.

Comment and analysis

The explanation of the sentence "Let's not talk about it now, let's not make comments now, let bygones be bygones" has always been controversial.

1, about "it's no use crying over spilt milk":

The usual explanation is "what has been done is unnecessary" or "what has been done is inconvenient to explain" But these two explanations are hard to make sense.

Confucius said, "Bashu dances in the court" and "three schools devoted themselves to Yong and a trip to Mount Ji, which one didn't do it? "What did you do" is "inconvenient to explain again", which is obviously unreasonable. Many times we not only need to explain our own behavior, but also need others to explain our behavior. This is especially common in judicial practice, and it is also an effective means to enhance trust and understanding in daily communication.

There is a story of "Yan Hui stealing food" in Confucius' Family Talk, which tells that when Confucius traveled around the world, he was trapped between Chen and Cai and was deprived of food for seven days. Zigong managed to retrieve a stone of rice, and Yan Hui and Luz began to cook porridge. Zi Gong saw Yan Hui scooping porridge from the pot at a distance, but he was not happy. He thought Yan Hui was stealing food and told Confucius. Confucius was convinced of Yan Hui's character and thought there must be some misunderstanding. But in order to reassure my disciples, I asked Yan Hui politely. It turned out that when Yan Hui was cooking porridge, a piece of black ash fell into the pot. Yan Hui was afraid of polluting the whole pot of porridge, so he scooped out the porridge stained with soot, and was reluctant to throw it away, so he ate it himself. After learning the truth, everyone became more convinced of Yan Hui. So, who says "what did you do" is "inconvenient to explain"?

The so-called "reciprocity, harmony is precious." Now that the incident has been reconciled, don't gossip, otherwise it will easily lead to new "disharmony." Therefore, it seems that "don't stir up right and wrong about what has been decided" is the reasonable explanation of "it's no use crying over spilt milk".

2. Regarding "not recommended":

The usual explanation is that "there is no need to remonstrate at this point" or "what has been done is inconvenient to recover" But these two explanations are obviously unconvincing. In Confucius' time, politicians often violated etiquette. For example, when in power, the walls of the three countries of Lu exceeded the new standards. This is obviously a "done thing" or a "done thing". But Confucius still "remonstrated" with Lu and put forward the suggestion of "three capitals" Isn't this a kind of "salvation" for Shandong politics? Confucius traveled around the world, spreading the idea of benevolence everywhere, in an attempt to change the situation that the ceremony collapsed and the music broke down. Isn't this a "rescue" for what has been done?

Therefore, the reasonable explanation of "not remonstrating" should be "not discouraging things that conform to the will of the people". Only in this way can it conform to the Confucian thought of benevolence.

3. About "Let bygones be bygones":

The usual explanation is "the past, there is no need to blame" or "the past is inconvenient to pursue." This explanation is obviously contrary to the consistent proposition of Confucianism that emphasizes "ceremony".

"Rite" is a set of institutional norms, which includes both guidance and restraint in advance and accountability and punishment afterwards. If "it is inconvenient to pursue the past", then "ceremony" will lose its seriousness, its guiding and binding role will cease to exist, and "ceremony" will lose its meaning of existence. What's the use of laws and rules if you don't have to take responsibility for doing something wrong?

Therefore, the so-called "letting bygones be bygones" does not mean not to pursue the responsibility of past mistakes, but to prevent past sins from continuing to breed new disasters. This requires us to correct our own practices. This is consistent with Confucius' thoughts of "choosing the good and following it, and correcting the bad", "being upright and not being righteous", "too much is too late to correct it" and "not too much is too late".

In this chapter, I told Ai Gong that Li was the owner of the Zhou Dynasty to "make people tremble". It is obviously unkind to "make people tremble" Therefore, using chestnuts as the owner belongs to the past. But killing me reminds me that the loss of public service "makes people tremble" and is likely to make the wrong ruling idea in the past continue to do evil. This is unacceptable to Confucius who advocated "rule by virtue". Therefore, Confucius said that we should "let bygones be bygones" and not let past mistakes continue to create disasters.

On 20 17, two tourists from China were arrested by Berlin police for taking photos in front of the German Reichstag. If Germany is tried according to the provisions of the criminal law, they will face up to three years in prison. This happens because Nazi crimes have been completely liquidated in Germany, and the awakened German government and people no longer allow Nazi ghosts to continue to do evil. Therefore, German law prohibits the propaganda of Nazi ideas and all kinds of statements denying the Nazi Holocaust, and prohibits the use of Nazi symbols, slogans and etiquette. And offenders will be sentenced to imprisonment or fines, and the specific operating scale is quite strict. This is the real "let bygones be bygones".

In stark contrast to Germany's attitude towards the Nazis, the "past" that brought "catastrophe" to Chinese civilization has never been accused. Because it has not been completely liquidated, the ghost of "catastrophe" is always wandering around, waiting for an opportunity to do evil. It's pathetic. The following is forced to omit 1000 words.