What are the basic concepts of astronomy?

The four directions of the universe are called "Yu" and "Zhou" through the ages. Is the floorboard of the universe. There is "the universe is covered by three lights" in Huai Nan Zi's original Tao Xun.

In ancient times, constellations were called stars. The ancients believed that the famous and wise people in the world were the stars in the sky.

In order to predict the good or bad of the world with the change of astronomical phenomena, ancient astrologers corresponded the starry sky area with the countries and states on the ground, which was called the dividing line. Specifically, it is to regard a star as the dividing line of a country, a star as the dividing line of a state, or conversely, regard a country as the dividing line of a star and a state as the dividing line of a star.

Twenty-eight nights are also called twenty-eight. Ancient people divided the starry sky into 28 star zones to illustrate the positions of the sun, the moon and the five stars. There are several stars every night. The names of the Twenty-eight Hostels are arranged from west to east as follows: Black Dragon Seven Hostels (Jiao, Kang, Bian, Fang, Xin, Wei and Ji); Seven nights in North Xuanwu (barrels, cows, women, emptiness, danger, houses and walls); Seven nights of western white tiger (kui, Lou, stomach, Chang, Bi, Gou, Shen); South Suzaku seven nights (well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang, wing, Zhu).

Nine wild "Huainanzi Astronomical Training" divides twenty-eight lodging into nine wild:

Jiao Su Kang Su Lao Su in central Jun Tian

Dongfang Cang Tian Fang Su Xin Su Su Su

The weather in the northeast changes rapidly.

Bei Tian Xuan Nusu Xu Su Su Shi Shi Su

Subi Su Kui Lousu in Northwest Oilfield

Su Wei, the Western Heaven, stayed in the Pleiades.

Zhu Tian southwest Li Su Betelgeuse Su Jing

In the south, the weather is very hot.

Southeast Nanyang Zhang Tian Susuyi Basu

Four groups of animals representing the stars in the east, south, west and north of the ancient sky in China. Also known as four-dimensional four beasts. After the formation of the 28-night system, an elephant was formed every seven nights. Namely, Donglong, Nanniao, West Lake and Beigui Society (Wu). After the popularity of the Five Elements Theory in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the four elephants became: Qinglong, Suzaku, White Tiger and Xuanwu. Therefore, Dongqisu is called Black Dragon, Nanqisu is called Suzaku, Xiqisu is called White Tiger, and Beiqisu is called Xuanwu.

Other names of the sun are Baiju, Hu Jin, Chiwu, Wuyang, Sun, Jinlun, Huolun, Chilun, Qi Jing, Benqi, Zhu Xi, Xihe, Yang Jing, Daming, Mingguang, Zhu Guang, Shuque and Hongri. The sun in spring is called Chunhui, the sun in summer is called scorching sun, and the sun in the morning is called Chaoyang.

The nickname of the moon is the most prominent description object of natural objects mentioned in ancient poems. Its nicknames can be divided into:

(1) Because the first month is like a hook, it is called silver hook jade.

(2) Because the string moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon.

(3) The full moon is called golden wheel, jade wheel, silver plate, jade plate, golden mirror and mirror because it is like a wheel, a disk and a mirror.

(4) It is said that there are rabbits and toads on the moon, so they are called silver rabbits, jade rabbits, golden toads, silver toads and the moon.

(5) According to legend, there are laurel trees in the middle of the month, so they are called Gui Yue, Guilun, Guigong and Guiling.

(6) According to legend, there are two palaces in the middle of the month, namely Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace, so they are called Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace.

(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the gods, it is called Wang Shu.

It is said that Chang 'e lives in the middle of the month, so the moon is called Chang 'e.

(9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, they call the moon Chanjuan.

Sirius is the brightest star in the whole sky. Su Shi's "Jiangchengzi Mizhou Hunting" says: "You can bow like a full moon, look at the northwest and shoot Sirius." Among them, the allusion comes from the stars, the bow carving refers to the vector star, and Sirius is Sirius. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" also includes "Shooting Sirius with a long arrow", and a long arrow is a vector star.

Laonian Star is the second brightest star in the whole sky and the brightest star in the Antarctic constellation. People call it the birthday girl. If northerners can see it, it will be auspicious and safe. In Du Fu's poem, he said, "Tonight, outside the Antarctic, I would like to be an old gentleman star."

The name of Guxing refers to the handle of the Big Dipper. Taoism believes that there are 36 highest sun stars and 72 earth stars in the Big Dipper. Influenced by this superstition, the novel Water Margin attached 108 uprising leaders to the water margin, forming the highest day star and the earth star.

The Big Dipper, also known as the Big Dipper, refers to seven bright stars arranged in a bucket (or spoon) shape in the northern sky. The names of these seven stars are: Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang. Arranged like a bucket, it is called "Beidou". According to the Big Dipper, the North Star can be found, so it is also called "Pointing Star". Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs": "If you hold an arc, you will fall. Help Beidou to drink cinnamon pulp." Nineteen ancient poems: "Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid." Yuheng is the fifth star in the Big Dipper. In the story of Xiaoshitang, "snake hunting" is used to describe it as winding as the curve of the Big Dipper.

The name Polaris is a symbol of the northern sky. Ancient astronomers admired Polaris very much, thinking that it was fixed and all the stars revolved around it. In fact, due to precession, Polaris is also changing. 3,000 years ago, Emperor Star was the North Star of the Zhou Dynasty, and Shu Tian was the North Star of the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. After 65,438+0,2000 years, Vega will become the North Star.

The burning flame is the core of the Seven Nights in the East. Every year around May of the lunar calendar, the stars are in the middle of the sky at dusk, and gradually go west after June. At this point, the summer heat has dropped and summer is coming to an end. In the Book of Songs, the wind blows in July, including "July filariasis, September clothes" and "July filariasis, August Cui Wei".

Ginseng and Duchamp are one of 28 hotels. Betelgeuse is in the west and its heart is in the east. Both can't appear in the sky at the same time, so it is used to describe that people can't meet each other when they are apart. In A Dream of Red Mansions, the intimate relationship between Baochai and Daiyu is described by such a metaphor, such as "colleagues sit together in the daytime, and the night is endless. It is really smooth and smooth, and there is no business participation. "

Comet hits the moon. Comet is commonly known as broom star. When a comet hits the moon, it means that the light of the comet sweeps across the moon. According to superstition, this is a sign of catastrophe.

Bai Hongguan's "rainbow" is actually a kind of "halo" and an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere. The appearance of this phenomenon is often a sign that the weather will change, but the ancients regarded this natural phenomenon as a sign that abnormal things will happen on the earth.

Jiao Yun Gaihua Gaihua, constellation name, * * * sixteen stars, is located in the seat of the Five Emperors and now belongs to Cassiopeia. I used to be superstitious and thought it was unlucky to be a canopy star in people's destiny.

Morning glory weaver "Morning glory", also known as Altair, is the brightest star in the night sky in summer and autumn, located in the east of the Milky Way. "Vega", Vega, is in the west of the Milky Way, opposite Altair. Nineteen ancient poems: "Far away, Altair, Hehan girl." Cao Tang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Weaver Girl with Petunia": "The beauty of Beidou cries, but her eyes are broken."

The Milky Way, also known as Han Yin, Tianhe, Tianhan, Xinghan and Han Yun, is a milky bright belt across the sky, which consists of more than 1000 billion stars. Cao Cao's "Watching the Sea": "Star Han is brilliant, if it is out of its territory." Chen Ziang bid farewell to his friends in the spring night: "The bright moon hides tall trees, but the long river is unknown." Su Shi's "Yangguan Qu": "The twilight clouds are all cold, and the silver and the Han silently turn to the jade plate." Qin Guan's "Queqiao Fairy" said: "Thin clouds are clever, flying stars spread grievances, and silver is far from Han."

One of the names of Wenquxing. In the old superstition, Wen Quxing was the star in charge of literary movement, and the person who was hired as a big official by the court was Wen Quxing.

According to the ancient superstition of clouds and qi, dragons rise to produce clouds, and tigers roar to produce wind, which is the so-called "cloud dragons and wind tigers". He also said that where the real dragon emperor was born, there were strange clouds in the sky, which the fortune teller could see. For example, The Hongmen Banquet said, "I am very popular. Everyone is a dragon and a tiger, and this son of heaven is angry."