Are the ancient Dongyi people in the same strain as the Ba people in Sichuan?

Of course, the cultural characteristics of Jinsha site are also different from Sanxingdui civilization. Sanxingdui civilization is famous for its bronze wares, and Jinsha site is famous for its jade wares.

According to the existing literature, the history of Chengdu can be traced back to the "Chengdu City" built by Zhang Yi at the end of the Warring States Period. But the Jinsha site shows that Chengdu has existed for a long time, but later generations don't know it. According to the unearthed cultural relics, it can be concluded that the activities of the ancient Shu kingdom began as early as 3000 years ago. At that time, Jinsha was already the site of Shu cultural center in Shang and Zhou dynasties, covering an area of more than square kilometers. At the same time, with the discovery of nearby palace ruins, the speculation that Jinsha was once the capital of ancient Shu has also been confirmed.

Jinsha site was once the political, economic, cultural and religious center of ancient Shu. However, does the leader of such a prosperous kingdom belong to the legendary ancient Shu Wang Zhiyi, or is it someone else? Why is it not mentioned in the historical materials?

Where the ancient Shu kingdom and ancient Shu people came from has always been a mystery. Before Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites were discovered, people had already excavated Baodun cultural site. Baodun culture is a stone culture, Sanxingdui culture and Jinsha culture are highly developed bronze cultures. The productivity of ancient Shu ancestors could not develop from stone tools to bronze wares overnight. How did these two different levels of civilization transition? Judging from the continuity of time and the similarity of cultural relics, it can be confirmed that Jinsha site directly inherited the essence of Sanxingdui culture and developed it. Sanxingdui and Jinsha are the capitals of ancient Shu. Then, why did the ancient Shu state move its capital from Sanxingdui to Jinsha?

The strangest thing is, why isn't there any historical record of such a splendid ancient city of Jinsha? Why is there information about the ancient Shu kingdom in the history books, but there is no description of its city?

Historically, the historians of the Western Han Dynasty used eight words to describe the ancient Shu State: they didn't know words and ceremonies.

Eight words cover up the historical truth. In people's impression, Bashu land is barren, a hell full of boils, and a border where tigers and wolves are rampant.

Fortunately, the lost ancient civilizations have been discovered one by one. Even if they are just the tip of the iceberg, the scenes of those disappeared ancient countries will reappear before our eyes like floods. Facts tell us that Chengdu Plain is also a land where the flowers of civilization bloom for a long time and the material and spiritual life is highly developed.

The ancient Shu people who created this great civilization originated from the frontier tribes located in the northwest of Chengdu Plain, the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin, and originated in the same area as the ancestors of the Chinese nation. They established a large-scale early city in Chengdu Plain and planted agriculture around the city. The ancient Shu kingdom is rich in water resources and fertile soil, and manages developed agriculture, develops animal husbandry and engages in industry and commerce.

With the increase of population and the development of productivity, the ancient Shu people established their own country-the ancient Shu country. In this country, the status of religion is supreme, and every king of Shu himself has been endowed with mysterious power by legends. A lot of national strength is spent on religious things, and the price of sacrifice is amazing.

The social life in the prosperous period of ancient Shu civilization was very different from that in the Yellow River basin at the same time. Ancient Shu people wore left-handed fine ramie cloth or silk clothes, and some clothes were embroidered with patterns such as dragons, clouds, faces and letters. The cuffs of the clothes are very narrow, and the back is longer than the front, like a tail. They wore tall cone-shaped bun, and the nobles wore lotus crowns. They used a three-legged pottery cup to hold cook the meat, and a bottle-shaped pottery cup to hold wine slurry. They buy and sell shells as legal tender, and also regard shells as a symbol of wealth, or collect or bury them.

At the peak of ancient civilization in Chengdu Plain, the ancient Shu kingdom controlled the Hanzhong area in the north and competed with Chu, Qin and Pakistan in the upper reaches of Hanshui River. Nanbao Liangshan Prefecture and northern Yunnan serve many tribes of Bianqiang and Southwest Yi people. The East dominates East Sichuan and competes with Pakistan and Chu. Chengdu, the civilized center that was open at that time, just like the sun, radiated the light of culture to the southwest corner of the East Asian continent.

Hairstyle and the change of political situation in ancient Shu

Before many sites were excavated, no one knew what the political life of the ancient Shu people was like. People only know the existence of the ancient Shu kingdom through legends, and know that several mythical ancient Shu kings once led his subjects here. And the details are impossible to guess.

The cultural relics unearthed from Sanxingdui site give us a glimpse of the whole leopard.

Among the bronzes unearthed in Sanxingdui, there are two kinds of bronze figures, one with long braids and the other with hair behind the head. In ancient times, hair styles of different nationalities were generally different. Are these two bronze statues of Sanxingdui also from two different nationalities? What's the secret behind the heads of bronze figures with different hairstyles?

The only clue is the bronze statue unearthed from the sacrificial pit. 1986, dozens of bronze figures were unearthed in two sacrificial pits in Sanxingdui: one was a bronze giant with a broken head, and the other was a bronze figure with only one head left. In the bronze age, bronze was a precious wealth of a country, and these bronze men undoubtedly had a glorious history. Among 64 bronze portraits with recognizable hairstyles, there are only two hairstyles: a long braid dragged behind the head, which is called "braided hair" in archaeology; There is a kind of hair that is rolled up and tied at the back of the head with a knot, which is called "knot hair". Sanxingdui people are a nation that loves beauty. Their hairstyles are varied, some with bows on their heads, some with their hair coiled on their foreheads as high as claws, and bronze giants comb them with "hairstyles". When counting their hairstyles in the sacrificial pit, another strange phenomenon appeared: nine bronze statues were compiled in the first sacrificial pit, and four of them were lost; There are 38 braided bronze statues in Sacrificial Pit No.2, and 13 braided bronze statues. Why are there different numbers of braided bronze statues and twisted bronze statues in the sacrificial pit?

To understand the meaning of these two bronze statues, it is necessary to find out which ethnic group likes to braid their hair and which ethnic group likes to comb their hair. However, braided hair and braided hair are the hairstyles that ancient people often comb. It is even more difficult to determine the identity of the ancients just by the hairstyle, let alone the significance represented by the hairstyle of bronze portraits!

However, the posture of the bronze man revealed the "secret". Bronze portraits with combed hair often reveal a mysterious atmosphere, almost all of which are related to religion: bronze giants standing high on the altar in gorgeous costumes, holding their breasts with infinite exaggeration, as if intoxicated by grand ceremonies; Wearing a bird's head crown and trousers, a bronze man seems to fly in the clouds; The four Hercules on the bronze altar, dressed in sun-colored clothes, held a mysterious branch tightly in their hands. These bronze statues are all "lost" without exception, and they are undoubtedly engaged in occupations related to sacrificial activities.

Those bronze figures with pigtails look much more relaxed and comfortable. Because the body has been destroyed, it is difficult to see more details. But judging from their expressions, they are different from bronze figures with hair. Who are they? What kind of ancient Shu belongs to? Since it is a bronze statue, the groups represented are not necessarily civilians and slaves. Some people think that, unlike those blue-haired bronze statues related to sacrifices, blue-haired bronze statues represent a secular power group. This group holds political rights, that is, kingship. They are a secular and prominent class, which is the epitome of the ruling class in ancient Shu more than 3000 years ago.

The disunity of ancient state power was related to the influence of primitive society. In primitive society, the owner of the greatest right was the person who presided over the sacrificial ceremony and was responsible for divining good and bad luck. They are not responsible for managing the daily life of the clan, nor do they do "trivial things" such as leading members to hunt and directing battles. Influenced by primitive society, the ruling class in early slave society was generally divided into two parts: religion and kingship. The two hairstyles of bronze statues undoubtedly reveal the internal regime pattern of ancient Shu: the prone bronze statue represents a theocratic class, which controls the spirit of the people in ancient Shu and acts as the contact and medium between people and spirit; Braid people enslave the bodies of ancient Shu people and drive them to work and fight. According to this speculation, the ancient Shu regime was divided into two parts. Of these two classes, one has the so-called theocracy, while the other has the kingship.

So, what are the identities of these two classes?

According to common sense, in ancient times, it should be the indigenous people who held the supreme kingship, while the foreigners who held the theocracy might be powerful, forcing the indigenous people to make some concessions. Perhaps, this foreigner is from the Central Plains!

We can imagine such a scene: more than 3000 years ago, a nation from the Central Plains came to Chengdu Plain. They brought the advanced civilization of the Central Plains. After several contacts, the ancient Shu Kingdom welcomed them. The mysterious and pious sacrificial ceremony of the Central Plains people was accepted by the people of ancient Shu without exclusion. They acted as wizards in ancient Shu. Ancient Shu rulers used bronze to cast a kind of nihility and mysterious power for them. Zhongyuan people replaced the local wizards in the ancient Shu kingdom and seized the theocracy of the ancient Shu kingdom. In ancient Shu, theocracy was neck and neck with kingship.

In the sacrificial pit, the number of braided bronze statues far exceeds that of bronze statues. But quantity has little to do with power sharing. Four of these bronze figures wear Jin Mianju, which may represent a secret agreement between the two classes. In the bronze age, bronze was precious, but gold was more valuable. These four bronze statues should represent the supreme power of ancient Shu. Two braids and two combs, the number is exactly the same. It seems that the producers are trying to keep a certain balance.

On an unearthed golden staff, a mysterious picture is engraved: four feather arrows shoot through two heads in parallel, and the arrows penetrate the heads of two fish respectively, with two birds spreading their wings at the tail. Some people think that two heads represent two classes: combing and braiding. Fish and birds are their own totems, and arrows are equivalent to vows. This may be a contract carved by two classes, representing a solemn oath.

However, after all, theocracy and kingship cannot compete for a long time. The desire for power will inevitably lead to the conflict between the two peoples who share theocracy and kingship. This kind of thing is not uncommon. In the early Shang dynasty, the power of the Shang king was not supreme. A religious group called Zhenren decided the right of divination and gathered in the direction of the country under the guise of the will of ghosts and gods. They are respected and trusted by all subjects, and they are the ruling class with more power than the king. After Wu Ding, King of Shang Dynasty, succeeded to the throne, the kingship gradually overwhelmed the theocracy, and the sage gradually disappeared. The situation in Shang Dynasty is not much different from that in ancient Shu. Therefore, we can guess that in a certain period of time, the kingship and theocracy of ancient Shu belong to two classes and depend on each other. But slowly, those royal families who have the highest status in the secular world but have to bow to theocracy are increasingly dissatisfied. They suddenly thought: why not take the theocracy into their own hands and make themselves stronger? !

So, has the kingship owner who wants to further expand his power taken action? Is this guess right? Sanxingdui site didn't give us the answer. But this answer was found in Jinsha site!

There are also heads, fish, birds and arrows on a gold belt unearthed from Jinsha site, but the pattern of the head has changed from two to one. Did one of the two forces disappear or decline, and the remaining one became the real ruler of ancient Shu? Jinsha site does not have a bronze statue, only a bronze statue is left. It seems that the owners of kingship not only continue to control the kingship of the ancient Shu kingdom, but also obtain the theocracy that does not belong to them.

A bronze statue was unearthed at Jinsha site, with the same braid as the bronze statue unearthed at Sanxingdui, and a short stick inserted at the waist. He wears a high crown symbolizing the sun on his head, but his hands are placed on his chest with infinite exaggeration, like a bronze giant, vaguely revealing the shadow of a bronze statue.

The ancient Shu people fled Sanxingdui in a disaster and came to Jinsha. In this process, the kingship owner took advantage of the chaos to seize the theocracy.

Maybe this is the truth of history.