Can Cong's related speculation.

How many years has Can Cong been a tribal "leader" in Sanxingdui area of Shu? "Biography of the King of Shu" records: "The first name of the King of Shu was Can Cong, the later was Guan Bai, and the later was Yu Fu. These three generations are all hundreds of years old, all immortals, and their people have followed Wang Hua quite well. " It can be seen that the rule in Shu is "hundreds of years". Of course, this does not mean that Can Cong himself was a tribal leader for hundreds of years, but that the era named Can Cong lasted for hundreds of years. After Can Cong's death, Huayang Guozhi recorded: "Death is a sarcophagus, and Chinese people follow it, so it is customary to take the sarcophagus as the tomb." It seems that this Can Cong is also a person with a strong sense of hometown. Everyone died, and he remembered the feeling of living in a stone house, so he made the coffin and grave into stones. In the future, when people see similar graves, they will say, hey, look, these are the graves that look at people.

According to some archaeologists, Can Cong ruled Shu earlier than Xia Dynasty before Shang Dynasty, because the wall unearthed from Sanxingdui site was built in the early Shang Dynasty, only after Yu Fu unified Shu, and the silkworm cluster was two "hundreds of years" earlier than Yu Fu, so its age should be equivalent to Xia Dynasty. At that time, although Can Cong was the "early king", he obviously did not have the nature of a national monarch. He may just be the leader of a related tribe. At that time, he was in the late primitive society, and the dawn of slavery was slowly coming.

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Was there an ancient Shu kingdom before the Western Zhou Dynasty? About Can Cong and Yufu in the early days of ancient Shu, there is only a little overlap in historical materials. Are they the imaginary ancestors of the ancient Shu people? Or a real king? Historians have long been inconclusive.

During the period of 1929, a farmer in Moon Bay, Sanxingdui, Guanghan, Sichuan, found a beautifully carved jade, which was the first light of ancient Shu civilization. For decades, scattered unearthed cultural relics have attracted wide attention at home and abroad. It was not until 1986 that the large-scale archaeological excavation of Sanxingdui site unveiled the veil of the ancient Shu kingdom. The cultural relics unearthed from the site show that there was a unique and highly developed civilization in the plain of western Sichuan more than 4,000 years ago. Can Cong and Yufu did exist, and the era of their rule was named after them.

"Huayang National Records" says: "Can Cong, the Duke of Shu, is king when his eyes stand upright. The second king irrigation. The second king is a fish. " Several large-scale bronzes with eagle faces and birds were unearthed in the sacrificial pit of Sanxingdui site, which confirmed the existence of ancient Shu legends and fish traps. "Looking straight" is the image feature of Can Cong. The eyeballs of bronze portraits of Sanxingdui protrude forward from their eyes by more than ten centimeters, and some people have a dragon cast on their noses. Yufu is an osprey. Birds, such as eagles and birds, have keen eyes and powerful claws and walk against the wind. Ancient Shu ancestors were full of illusions and admiration for them, and they were the most respected people in ancient China. The ancient Shu people endowed their ancestors with the image of birds, and also painstakingly cast bronze ritual vessels with the images of giant eagle head, human head, bird body and human eagle claw. Most of these cultural relics were unearthed in the No.2 pit of Sanxingdui site.

Academics agree that most of the ethnic groups in ancient southwest China are ancient Qiang tribes living in Gukang Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (including Ganzi and Aba counties in Sichuan, Qinghai and Tibet). Around the 5th century BC, they entered the plain eastward, mixed with China aborigines, and gave birth to China culture. One of them moved to the southeast, entered Minshan area, lived by the mountain, and took the rock as a hole. Later, he entered the Chengdu Plain along the river valley and began fishing and hunting, picking up wild silkworms and spinning. Later generations called these people who lived in Minshan Canyon Shushan people. Around 3000 BC, a woman of Shushan family married the Yellow Emperor as a princess, and her descendants were Can Cong, the founder of the ancient Shu kingdom, who was the direct ancestor of the Shu people in Sanxingdui.

Before Can Cong, the ancient Shu people took animal husbandry as their main source of livelihood, and also engaged in hunting and breeding. The most important thing in sericulture is reeling. Can Cong led his people to continue their migration to the southeast. After passing through the Mao Wen Basin between Maoxian and Wenchuan, they gradually developed agriculture. Xia and Shang Dynasties, the third generation of Yufu era, saw Shu people move eastward again, from southeast to south of the basin, and entered Guanghan Plain through the northern end of Chengdu Plain. At this time, the ancient Shu kingdom had completed the transformation from the primitive clan commune system to slavery, and Yu Fan was the first ruler of this slavery regime.

There is no record of the war between the ancient Shu people and other countries handed down from ancient times, but archaeological objects clearly prove this. In the Yin Ruins and Oracle Bone Inscriptions, there are records of "harvesting the year in Shu", "harvesting Shu" and "going to Shu for something", which shows that there were constant disputes between Shang and Shu at that time. In the era of yufu, the Shang dynasty was on the verge of extinction, so Shu naturally joined the alliance and stood in the crusade against Zhou. Therefore, Shangshu said: "The king of Wu really won the master of Bashu when he attacked Zhou." According to the chronological analysis, at least two sacrificial pits in Sanxingdui site belong to the era of Yu's father, and a large number of weapons and ritual vessels such as ge, sword and spear unearthed are the best proof of Shu people's martial arts.

Despite the frequent wars with Shang Dynasty, the independent economic life mode of ancient Shu people has not been affected. This is due to the unique geographical conditions of Shu, where rivers are swift, springs are abundant, the soil is fertile, and there are rich mineral deposits such as gold, silver, jade, copper, iron, lead and tin underground, which has cultivated the superb bronze casting technology of ancient Shu people. Sichuan has lush forests, rhinoceros, yak, elephant and other wild animals, ripe fruits and vegetables in four seasons, rich in lacquer, hemp, silkworm, orpiment and clay. The silk reeling and lacquer painting techniques of ancient Shu people are first-class. Bamboo all over the mountain has solved the housing problem. From the traces of sticks, mud blocks and bamboo pieces unearthed from the late Sanxingdui architectural site, it can be seen that the ancient Shu ancestors made bamboo-woven wooden-bone-mud-wall dry fence buildings according to local conditions according to the rainy and humid characteristics of the western Sichuan plain. They use local materials, build roof trusses with wood and bamboo, weave fences with wooden sticks and bamboo pieces, smear grass mud inside and outside, and cover the roof with bamboo. There are still similar thatched houses in poverty-stricken areas in Sichuan today.

In the north of ancient Shu, "praise is the front door", which is now Hanzhong, Shaanxi, bordering on Qin. In the south, "Xiong 'er and Lingguan are the rear areas", that is, Qingshen and Lushan in Sichuan are adjacent to the Yue nationality. It is near Jiuding Mountain and Emei Mountain in the west. To the east, it is connected with the Ba nationality, with "industry, diving, cotton and Luo as the pool", and uses the convenience of rivers to develop fisheries.

Ba people and witches living in the Three Gorges area of the Yangtze River are most closely related to the ancient Shu State. After the ancient Qiang people developed into Shu in Chengdu Plain, they encountered an unexpected big problem: the lack of salt in Sichuan Basin. The pool salt of the Qiang nationality is thousands of miles away, and it is difficult to transport the mountain weight, so we can only rely on the salt of Wuba. Witches and Ba people live in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and East Sichuan, where salt springs are densely covered. Witches and Ba people have long been attached to salt springs, logging and boiling springs, and trading with surrounding residents with crystal salt.

From Can Cong to Yufu era, ancient Shu people went to the Three Gorges area in eastern Sichuan to buy back salt. Wuji and Ba people will naturally not give up the big market of western Sichuan, and they will transport salt upstream one after another. Witch and Pakistan also have contradictions in sharing salt and profit. Witch's salt production is higher than that of Pakistan, which is close to the Yangtze River, which is convenient for them. If there is a dispute between the two sides, no matter which side loses, it will affect the salt supply in the ancient Shu kingdom. As the most powerful political power in southwest China, Yufu sent a team to the west of Qutangxia to establish a "demilitarized zone" between Pakistan and Wu to protect the "international salt interest" and the smooth transportation of salt in the Yangtze River. They also secretly collected and made their own salt to ensure that the salt supply in ancient Shu would not be interrupted by the dispute between Hu Ba and Hu Ba. This team camped on the floodplain west of Baidicheng in fengjie county today. It is said that there are eight rows of stone bases and 64 bases. According to experts' research, this is the "eight-array map" that Jin people misinformed Zhuge Liang in blocking Lu Xun's pursuit. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, people have been convinced of this statement. They never thought that it was the base camp of the "peacekeeping forces" in the ancient Shu Kingdom.

In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the ancient Shu kingdom was in the era of Du Yu, and Master Roshi from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River used the advantage of water control in Shu to drive Du Yu away and became the king of Shu. The enlightened dynasty continued to expand with its strong national strength. It conquered Chu in the east and fought against Western Qin. In the early years of the Warring States, ancient Shu established its capital in Chengdu, and Chengdu has since become the political and cultural center of all Shu. The long-term migration of the two kings and yufu for survival and development came to an end.