What kind of person is the controversial Qin Shihuang?

Ying Zheng (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC), Qin Shihuang, also known as Zulong, son of King Xianghe of Qin Zhuang. China was an outstanding politician, strategist and reformer in ancient times. He was a politician who realized the unification of China for the first time, and the first monarch in China who was called the emperor. It laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and was praised as "an emperor through the ages" by Li Zhi, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty.

Qin Shihuang's life is controversial. He made great contributions to the unification of China, but he was also rated as a tyrant because of wasting people's wealth, burning books and burying Confucianism. The world is suffering, and Ying Zheng was born to be Zhao's hostage. His father's identity is unknown, and the literature records him as the king of Qin Zhuang Xiang. There is also a saying that Ying Zheng is the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei. Ying Zheng 13 years old succeeded to the throne, and 2/Kloc-0 years old came to power. He was betrayed and successfully rebelled, and then it took him eight years to unify the country for ten years. /kloc-during his reign as emperor in 0/7, a lot of people complained. In his later years, he believed in witchcraft and prayed for immortality. Because his palace was too small, he built Epang Palace. I have also done atrocities such as burning books and burying Confucianism. No matter how controversial Qin Shihuang is, it is undeniable that he is an emperor through the ages. Today, let's take a look at how Qin Shihuang went from being a fugitive to unifying the world and went through ups and downs to the peak of his life. Why do future generations have different views on him? What is the significance to the reunification of the Chinese nation?

The story begins with a speculation by businessman Lv Buwei. When he was young, he wandered around the world doing business and met a foreigner by chance. He was a political hostage of Zhao (that is, Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang). Based on the merchant's intuition, Lv Buwei was keenly aware of the value of the alien, that is, the pure royal blood, so he decided to help the alien, and gave his concubine Evonne, who can sing and dance, to the alien, in order to get an official position in the future, and the development of the first and second generations could be expected. Because of this, Ying Zheng's biological father became a mystery.

When Ying Zheng was nine months old, Qin and Zhao went to war, and the aliens abandoned their wives and children and returned to Qin, so Zhao began to pursue Ying Zheng and Zhao for six years. So Ying Zheng spent his childhood in pursuit. At the age of nine, Ying Zheng finally returned to the State of Qin. Four years later, with the support of Lv Buwei, he became the pet of King Zhuang Xiang. Later, King Zhuangxiang died, and Ying Zheng naturally became the king of Qin. He 13 years old that year. Then Ying Zheng met the second crisis in his life, the Ai rebellion. At that time, Ying Zheng acceded to the throne at the beginning, still young. Xiang Gang Lv Buwei often had an affair with Empress Dowager Cixi. Later, fearing disaster, he disguised Lao Ai as a eunuch and presented it to the Empress Dowager. Empress Dowager Cixi absolutely liked it, and made a long letter to Yang Shan and Taijun in Hexi, so that all major issues and minor issues were decided by Lao Ai. Then Lao Ai rebelled in the name of the Queen Mother. However, Lao Ai's strength was limited, and Ying Zheng put down the rebellion with no effort. In the second year, Lv Buwei, the prime minister of Guanzhong, was relieved of his post by taking advantage of the Laoyi incident. He moved out of Henan and took state affairs back into his own hands. After Lv Buwei committed suicide. At this time, Ying Zheng was 2 1 year old.

The monarch of Qin always had a dream of unifying the world, and so did Qin Shihuang. In less than ten years, he swept and unified the six countries. After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin's military strength was greatly improved. The unification of the six countries must be based on the strong foundation laid by the previous dynasties for Qin, but it is also inseparable from Qin Shihuang's talent management ability. When Qin intended to send troops to destroy Chu, veteran Wang Jian said that 600,000 people were needed, while Major General Li Xin said that only 200,000 people were needed. Ying Zheng decided to give Lee a chance, but Li Xin was defeated. However, Qin Shihuang did not severely punish Li Xin, but gave him a chance to repay evil with good, and then personally invited him back to Wang Jian. Two years later, Wang Jian attacked Chu State, which was destroyed. Li Xin later helped Qin Shihuang destroy Yan State and Qi State. In history, many emperors killed heroes to avoid future troubles, but Qin Shihuang never killed a hero. When Wang Jian attacked Chu, Ying Zheng was not worried. 600,000 troops ran away with Wang Jian, and Wang Jian was afraid that the king of Qin didn't trust himself, so Wang Jian asked the king of Qin for money every day to show his loyalty, which reassured Ying Zheng. That's it. Qin Shihuang has his own uniqueness in talent management. Besides employing people, Qin Shihuang was also a "workaholic". Qin Shihuang asked himself to watch the memorial of 120 Jin a day, and not to rest until he finished it. This is also "everything in the world, big or small, depends on the world." After the Qin Dynasty unified the six countries, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, thought that he was "virtuous Huang San and made great contributions to the Five Emperors", so he adopted the "Emperor" of Huang San and the "Emperor" of the Five Emperors to form the title of "Emperor". He was the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in China history, so he called himself the "First Emperor".

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the first thing he did was to abolish the enfeoffment system and replace it with the county system. On the other hand, besides the "top design" of the system, Qin Shihuang achieved a high degree of economic and cultural unity. There were many huge empires in the ancient world, but few of them really unified the characters, and so did Qin Shihuang. Unifying the cultures of the six countries is the second step for Qin Shihuang to truly unify China.

During the reign of Qin Shihuang, he went to the Western Ocean one hundred times. In order to resist the invasion of Xiongnu in the north, Qin Shihuang ordered the construction of the Great Wall to defend the national border. The construction of Epang Palace and Qin Mausoleum made the people complain. One of the biggest controversies of Qin Shihuang was that it was a waste of people and money to build large buildings.

Another controversy is burning books to bury Confucianism. According to historical records, Qin Shihuang burned "poems, books, hundreds of languages and non-Qin historical books" in 2 13 BC, and killed "more than 460 people who broke the ban" in 2 12 BC. Burning books and burying Confucianism is also a great disaster in the history of culture.

Qin Shihuang was a controversial man. For people at that time, what they saw was more the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty. Maybe they are too close to history. If we go back to see Qin Shihuang more than 2000 years later, we may see it more clearly. Primitive society, feudal society and modern society correspond to different productive forces, and the self-meaning that people pursue and the self-value that they can realize are limited. Although Qin Shihuang had a vision beyond the times, he could not escape the shackles of the times and did not realize all his ideals and ambitions. Isn't it a kind of loneliness beyond the times?

No matter how the history is written, the unification of China is unprecedented, and the contribution of the Qin Dynasty to the cohesion of China and the Chinese nation has experienced numerous historical changes. Thousands of years later, we have been deeply tied together until we are confined to the same song and book. Let's unify economy and culture, just like unifying currency and promoting Putonghua. The division and ethnic contradictions in other countries also make us realize that national reunification is hard-won. National unity is the mainstream of China's historical development. Only when Chinese civilization is protected and passed on can the Chinese nation develop. Europeans have never achieved long-term reunification after several efforts, but China has been able to continue a civilization to this day. Unity is always the prerequisite for a big country with many nationalities to go global. A strong, complete and unified country is the greatest confidence of everyone in China. So we can be fearless in the face of disasters, and we can work together in the face of challenges. This stems from the greatness of Qin Shihuang's unification of China, and it is also the Chinese culture that we agree with.

What kind of person is Ying Zheng? He is a man who has never appeared since ancient times and may never appear again in the future.