Ancient Chinese poetry

1. Should take care of "fainting" (guess, not sure ~ ~)

Su Xun became famous because he wanted to complement each other!

Su Shi's word is profound, and his name is Dongpo layman; Su Zhe, the word Ziyou, is called Yingbin.

As can be seen from the names of Su Shi and Su Zhe brothers, the strangeness of their names is that they are all related to cars. The original meaning of "stone" in Su Shi's name refers to the crossbar placed in front of the trunk for people to lean on. Shuowen explained: "Shi, the front of the car is also." Su Shi's word "Zi Zhan" comes from the word "Wang" in Zuo Zhuan's Ten Years of Zhuang Gong, which is more in line with Su Shi's complacent publicity style when he was a teenager.

The original meaning of the word "Zhe" in Su Zhe's name refers to the traces of cars running over and wheels running over. There is a saying in Zuo Zhuan's Ten Years of Zhuanggong that "Go down and have a look". Su Zhe's word "Ziyou" means to imitate and follow. To put it bluntly, follow others. Su Zhe is much more reserved than his brother Su Shi in treating people and things.

Why did Su Xun give his two sons such names? This starts with Su Xun's six-year stay in Li Qing (1046), when he went to Beijing to take the exam. Although Su Xun's intellect can be "the emperor's teacher", he still failed in the corrupt court and dark officialdom. As a result, he lost confidence in the imperial examination and the imperial court, and instead pinned his hopes on his two sons. After returning to China the following year, Su Xun wrote a profound Theory of Two Names. Su Shi was eleven and Su Zhe was eight. Although Su Xun placed great hopes on the two children, he was full of worries about their life path.

Su Shi's character is bold and unconstrained, while Su Zhe's character is relatively introverted. Su Xun knows the temperament of his two sons very well. In order to exhort and encourage his sons, he explained the profound meaning of naming two sons in "On Naming Two Sons". He said: "The spokes are covered. Everyone has a job and a car, but Stone has nothing to do. Although, I didn't see it as a complete car when I went to Stone. In fact, I am afraid that you lack external decoration. Cars in the world are just ruts, and it doesn't matter who contributes to them. Although the valet is dead, suffering is not as good as road. This is a matter between good and bad. Well, I know it's free. "

Su Xun's words mean that wheels, spokes, hood and curb all have their own uses and are indispensable to a car, while car accessories seem to have little effect, but a car without accessories is not a complete car. Because the crossbar was a bit too ostentatious, Su Xun said "I'm afraid you don't dress up" when he named Su Shi, which reflected Su Xun's ambivalence at that time. He hoped that his son's personality could be brought into full play, but he was worried that his son would be jealous because he was too ostentatious, so he gave Su Shi a word called "Zi Zhan", which means to be cautious. For another son, Su Zhe, Su Xun wanted to make him feel more at ease, so he named it "Zhe", which means to let him follow others. Although "Zhe" is not as eye-catching as "Shi", it is not easy to be hated.

Su Xun's writing, close to divination, summed up the characters of Su Shi and Su Zhe and predicted their fate. Su Shi is unrestrained and radiant, but he has repeatedly attracted people's jealousy and lived a long life. However, because his father named him "Shi", Su Shi failed to change his "no exterior decoration" character. This "no external decoration" character made him frankly warn the reformists of their excessive behavior and conservative style, and suffered a lot for it.

Both the reformists headed by Wang Anshi and the conservatives headed by Sima Guang are dissatisfied with him and want to crowd him out and attack him. Wutai poetry case is an example. After he was released from prison, Su Shi was disheartened because he was demoted as an instructor of Huangzhou Youth League. After completing his official duties, he led his family to reclaim wasteland and farms to help make a living. The nickname "Dongpo lay man" was given to him at that time, which was also a kind of self-mockery. Regarding Su Shi's experience, Su Zhe once said, "What is Dongpo's crime? The name alone is too high! "

Su Zhe was cautious all his life, wandering between reformists and conservatives. In the fierce political struggle, despite repeated condemnation, disaster was avoided. Although he is not as dazzling as his brother, he is not as painful as his brother. Later, Su Zhe settled in Yingchuan, lived in seclusion in the countryside, and built a room called "Yi Lao Zhai", which was named "Welcome guests and care for the elderly". He read and wrote, meditated and lived a relatively comfortable old age.

From the names of Su Shi and Su Zhe brothers, we can find some mysteries. "Stone", as a crossbar used as an armrest in front of the car, certainly has a protective effect on passengers who lean forward because of the sudden stop of the car, but its position is very eye-catching, so it is really difficult to attract attention. As a record of the car's running track, the driver is always influenced by the time. Although he lacks some ideas of his own, he is bound to follow in the footsteps of the time. Facts speak plainer than words. Su Shi and Su Zhe brothers have been relegated and tossed for many times in their lives. I'm afraid it was unexpected that Su Xun named them. !

3. Arch bridge. It appeared late in the history of Chinese bridges, but once the arch bridge structure was adopted, it developed rapidly and became the most vital bridge type in ancient bridges. Even today, it still has broad prospects for further development. Arch bridges are divided into stone arch bridges, brick arch bridges and wooden arch bridges, among which brick arch bridges are rare and only occasionally used in temples or gardens. Stone arch bridges are commonly used and can be divided into single arch, double arch and multi-arch. The number of arches depends on the width of the river. Generally, the arch in the middle is particularly high, and the arches on both sides are slightly smaller. According to the shape of the arch, there are pentagons, semicircles, pointed arches and flat arches. The bridge deck is generally paved with stone slabs, and the side of the bridge is paved with stone railings. The image of the arch bridge was first seen in the portrait bricks in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was produced by the shape of the wooden and Liang Shi bridge with outriggers, and was influenced by the shape of the tomb arch and water pipes. Documentary records can be found in Zhu in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The earliest existing physical object is the Zhao Zhouqiao designed and built by Li Chun in Sui Dynasty. After the Ming dynasty, especially in the Qing dynasty, stone arch bridges issued whole coupons, that is, "bucket coupons."