The Translation and Appreciation of Qu Yuan's Li Sao

The Translation and Appreciation of Qu Yuan's Li Sao

In our daily study, work and life, we are more or less exposed to some classic ancient poems, including all poems before the formation of the Tang law, as well as poems still written in ancient style after the Tang Dynasty. Then what kind of ancient poems are classics? The following is the translation and appreciation of Qu Yuan's Li Sao carefully compiled by Mr. Bian Xiao. Welcome to read the collection.

Qu Yuan's Li Sao in the Warring States Period

Emperor Levin is a descendant of Miao nationality, and I am the emperor Kao Boyong.

I went to Meng Xi with my virginity, but Geng Yin and I surrendered.

The emperor's view is more than a first degree, and Zhao Xi is more than a good name:

The name Yu is formal, but the word Yu is both.

Fenwu has both inner beauty and self-cultivation.

Hu Jiang left with Bi, thinking that she was admirable.

If I am not as good as me, I am afraid that my age is not with me.

Tide? Mulan, Xi Lan is so headstrong.

The sun and the moon suddenly don't flood, and the spring and autumn have successively.

But the vegetation is scattered, and I am afraid that the beauty will come late.

Do not cherish the strong, abandon filth, why not change this degree?

Run with the horse and guide my husband first.

Precautions:

Levin: According to legend, it was the title of the ancient emperor zhuān xū.

Miao (y): offspring.

Xi(xρ): modal particle, equivalent to "ah".

Me (zhèn): Me. Before Qin Shihuang, most people could use "I".

Huang: Big.

Test: honorific title for the deceased father.

Note: Silver Year alias.

Zhen: Just.

Meng: Here we go.

Wei: (zhūu) The first month of the lunar calendar is again. Chuci uses the summer calendar.

Only: send a message.

Geng Yin: I've been working hard. Qu Yuan happened to be born on an auspicious day in silver moon during the Lunar New Year.

Emperor: Imperial Examination. Kui: measures. First degree: what it looks like at birth.

Zhao: Let's begin.

Positive: flat. Then: the law. Regularity: the law of justice means "peace".

Ling Jun: A beautiful and flat land, which means "primitive". Qu Yuan's name is Ping Zi Yuan.

Controversy: numerous. Weight (chóng): added. Ability training: excellent talents.

Hu (hù): Chu language, Pi.

Li Jiang: The name of vanilla. Zhi: Vanilla name, Angelica dahurica. Bi: Withdraw.

Thread: couplets. Pei: The ornaments of the ancients. Here, wearing vanilla is used as a metaphor to attach importance to a person's acquired cultivation.

Gurgling sound: the current is fast, indicating that time is like water.

No, me and: don't wait for me.

Qiān: choose. Skin: hillside. Mulan: Xiang Shu, here refers to Magnolia.

Take: take. Su Mang: Vanilla never dies after winter. Magnolia trees are not dead when peeled, and weeds are not dead when left in winter. They are all fragrant, so they are used to cultivate self-cultivation.

Sudden: speed. Flood: Stay.

Replacement: Time series is replaced by turns.

Only: think.

Beauty; Qu Yuan sometimes refers to the monarch, sometimes refers to himself, and sometimes talks about the wise. This refers to Chu Huaiwang. Old age: old age.

Fu Zhuang; In the prime of life. Hu: Dirty behavior.

Degree: Regulations.

Miracle: (qí jì): A good horse is a metaphor for a talented person.

Come on: Come on.

Tao: the same as "guide", to. Husband: Modal particles.

Translation 1:

I am a descendant of Emperor Levin, and my great late father's name is Bo Yong.

I was born in Gengyin when I was in Yinshi.

My father looked at my newborn posture and gave me a nice name from the beginning.

He named me "Ordinary" and took the word "Ling Jun".

I already have so much inner beauty, plus a good attitude.

Dressed in vanilla ginger and elegant angelica dahurica, she also knitted Qiu Lan as a more fragrant dress.

Time flies, I seem to miss it, heart? Y is always afraid that time will wait for no one.

Pick fragrant magnolia flowers on the hillside in the morning, and pick herbs that have not withered in winter at night.

The sun and the moon keep flying. Just after spring, autumn will come.

I think all the flowers and trees will wither, lest beauty come in the twilight.

Why don't you use your prime to get rid of your bad habits, and why don't you change your original political laws?

If you ride a good horse, come on, please let me show you the way.

Translation 2:

Zhuan Xu, I am your distant ancestor Bo Yong ―― the glorious name of my ancestors. I came down from the sky in the first month of that year when the old star was in the shade. Dear ancestors, guess carefully the time and crying when I first came to earth and give me a corresponding reputation through divination. Give me the name is regular, give me the nickname is Ling Jun. God not only gave me so much inner beauty, but also paid attention to cultivating my own character. I am covered with fragrant Li Jiang and angelica dahurica; Qiu Lan was tied into his scarf. Time flies, I'm afraid I can't catch this fleeting time, let the years shape my beautiful heart. In the morning, I bathed in the morning light to pull up the magnolia on the slope. In the evening, I carry the sunset on my back and pick Miscanthus on the shore of the mainland to moisten my body. The sun and the moon overlap constantly, and spring and autumn alternate endlessly. I'm afraid of beauty at the thought of yellow leaves falling on the tree and a little frost on your head! Why, why not seize the opportunity of prime of life and abandon evil behavior? Why not change this terrible law? Appoint talents to gallop the world! Follow me! I should show you the way!

Translation 3:

I am a descendant of the ancient emperor Levin. His nickname is Boyong, and he is my late father. Tai sui is in the first month of Yin year, and Geng Yin Day is my birthday. My late father saw that I had such a birthday, so he gave me a good name. The name you gave me was ordinary, and the nickname you gave me was Ling Jun. I have such beauty in my heart and I am beautifully dressed in appearance. I folded Polygonum Multiflori Radix and Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and tied them into a garland with autumn orchids. I am in a hurry like on the road, afraid that time will abandon me like an arrow and fly away. In spring, I climb the Mulan on the mountain, and in winter, I harvest green algae by the water. The golden bird and jade rabbit refused to stay in a hurry for a long time, and took turns to replace them in summer and autumn. I am afraid that the ideal beauty will be premature if I think that everything is divided into parts. You should use your youth to improve yourself. Why don't you always change your ways? I'm driving a good horse. I'm going to Mercedes. Come on, I'll show you the way.

Appreciate:

Li Sao is the masterpiece of Qu Yuan, a famous poet in the Warring States Period. The whole poem has 372 sentences and 2490 words. In terms of space, it is also rare in China's classical poems. It is the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient poetry in China. The poet described his life experience, moral character and ideal, expressed the anguish and contradiction that he was slandered to death, rebuked the fatuity of the king of Chu, the madness of the villain group and the ineffective governance of Japan, and showed the poet's fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", attacking the dark reality, not colluding with evil forces and his patriotic enthusiasm to death.

Sima Qian in Historical Records? Preface to Taishi Gong said: "Qu Yuan's exile is a tribute to Li Sao." After being exiled, it was regarded as. Now people have different opinions about it, some say it was done after being dismissed, some say it was done after being released, some say it was done at the end of the year or at the beginning of Wang Xiang's life, and some say it was done at the beginning of Wang Xiang's life. So far, there is no conclusion.

Li Sao was written after Qu Yuan was demoted. This poem has a certain position in the history of China, so the poet is also called "the poet". A poem "Lisao" bears the history and culture of China for thousands of years. So far, how many people have been infected by it, how many people are passionate about it, and how many people have stood up for it.

Li Sao, as a masterpiece, is extremely rich in ideological content. As for its content level, there have always been various ways to divide it.

Generally speaking, the whole poem is divided into nine parts:

The first part: Describe the poet's family background, birth name, and how to actively study by himself and exercise his quality and talent.

The second part: The frustration the poet encountered in the process of realizing his political ideal.

The third part: After the political career of the poet suffered setbacks, he did not flinch or be discouraged, and set up education to cultivate talents for the country. However, in the environment of "everyone is greedy", many people are vulgar-this is the poet's second setback, but the poet himself still actively studied and did what Peng Xian left behind.

The fourth part: Because of the poet's maverick, it immediately caused the greed of the mediocre people in the world, thus causing the poet to encounter setbacks again and the poet to fall into a lonely and desperate situation. However, the poet is still unyielding, willing to "hide innocence to die straight" and unwilling to yield to the secular: "back rope ink to pursue happiness."

The fifth part: The poet, who suffered hardships and setbacks and fell into a lonely and desperate situation, further developed the process of contradiction, hesitation, depression and pursuit of ideals, as well as the struggle of his soul, and finally strengthened his moral sentiments and political ideals.

Part VI: Because of women? Persuaded, the poet had to come to Zhong Hua and present his views to him, hoping to arouse sympathy.

The seventh part: After expounding his political proposition of "promoting talents and empowering people" in front of Zhong Hua, the poet's fantasy realm of "seeking up and down" fully expresses the poet's strong feelings that he is not understood by the world.

The eighth part: The poet listened to Wu Xian's words and finally decided to leave the State of Chu. This part expresses the poet's complex ambivalence and myriad thoughts to the fullest.

Part IX: After accepting the advice of Lingqi and Wuxian, the poet decided to leave Chu for a long trip, and finally could not bear to leave. This is the poet's last fantasy in a daze.

The last part of the poem is the conclusion, which ends with the famous Chu song Chaos at that time. It reflects the poet's political ideal and patriotic feelings of implementing "beautiful politics" and rejuvenating Chu, shows the poet's noble integrity and fighting spirit of hating evil, and mercilessly exposes and rebukes the corrupt politics and dark forces of Chu.

Sima Qian commented on Li Sao, saying: "Although Qu Yuan was exiled, he was concerned about Chu and the kings, and he was obsessed with his wishes, hoping that one of the kings would realize and one of the customs would change. And if you want to repeat it, in an article, there must be three ambitions. " Quoting Liu An's Biography of Li Sao, he said: "The national style is lewd but not lewd, and Xiaoya is not chaotic. If you write Li Sao, it can be said that it is both! Said Di Ku, the next JiHuan, Tang Wu, in order to stab the world. The morality of the Ming Dynasty is broad and respected, and it is consistent to control chaos. His words are implicit, his ambition is clean, and his actions are mean. As the saying goes, a small article has a big meaning, and it has a far-reaching impact. Its ambition is pure, so it is called fragrant; It is cheap, so it is not allowed to die. Cicadas slough in mud and are not polluted by floating dust. ? Is it barren? If you don't, you will. Pushing this ambition is also the glory of the sun and the moon. " (Historical Records) basically tells the spiritual essence and immortal value of Li Sao.

Life of Characters in Qu Yuan's Works

Early experience

On the seventh day of the first month in the 29th year of Zhou Xianwang (340 BC) and the 14th day of the first month in the 30th year of Zhou Xianwang (339 BC), Qu Yuan was born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu. The following year, Julepingli.

In the thirty-ninth year of Zhou Xianwang (the first 330 years), Qu Yuan lived in Lepingli. I was addicted to books since I was a child and read a lot of miscellaneous books. "Reading in Cave" and "Bashan Yelao Jiaojing" should be in this year.

Zhou Xianwang lived in Leping for forty years (the first 329 years). Although Qu Yuan was born in a noble family, he was very sympathetic to the poor because he lived among the people and was influenced by his family. Since then, at a young age, he has done a lot of good things that sympathize with the people and won unanimous praise.

political reform

In about four years (the first 3 17), Qu Yuan, as a left disciple of Chu Huaiwang, engaged in political reform and formulated and promulgated various laws. In the next few years, Qu Yuan continued to deepen political reform and fought against the old aristocracy and all die-hard forces. The situation in Chu has changed greatly, and the old nobles are facing the fate of extinction.

Watch and watch.

In the first year (365,438+04 BC), Qu became a doctor because of ignorance.

In the second year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 3 13), Zhang Yi of Qin broke the alliance between Chu and Qi, and Chu Huaiwang attacked Qin. As a result, both of them were defeated by Qin State, and Hanzhong County fell, which was called "the Battle of Danyang" in history.

In the third year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 3 12), Chu sent troops to counterattack Qin, and was defeated in Lantian (now Lantian, Shaanxi). Chu Huaiwang reactivated Qu Yuan and sent him to Qi, with the aim of establishing a new alliance between the two countries.

In the fourth year of Zhou Nanwang (before 3 1 1 year) and the fourteenth year of Qin, Chu Zhaoling was captured. King Huiwen is willing to cede half of Hanzhong to the State of Chu and form an alliance with the State of Chu. Chu Huaiwang wants Yi Cheung more than the land in Hanzhong. Zhang Yi came to the State of Chu, paid off the Shanxi merchants with a large sum of money, got the advice of Chu Huaiwang's minion Zheng Xiu, and was put back to the State of Qin. King Huiwen of Qin died, and King Wu of Zi stood upright. Qu Yuan went to Qi, and when he returned to Chu, Zhang Yi had already left. Qu Yuan advised Chu Huaiwang, "Why not kill Zhang Yi?" Chu Huaiwang regretted sending someone to chase Yi Cheung, but failed to catch him.

In the fifth year of Zhou Nanwang (before 3 10), in the first year of Qin Wuwang, Zhang Yi was dissatisfied with the prince of Wu and left the State of Qin for the State of Wei. Qu Yuan still regards Wang as a doctor.

In the sixth year (309 BC) and the second year, in order to be a leader, the evil Chu United with Qin. He wrote a letter to the king of Chu, hesitated and advised him to remonstrate. He disagreed with Qin's opinion and United to be good for North Korea.

Seven years in Zhou Nanwang (the first 308 years), three years in Qin Wuwang, Han Yiyang, Gan Mao. Qu Yuan lived in Du Ying and built an altar to teach.

In the seventeenth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 298 years), Zhao Haoqi, the state of Qin, sent troops out of Wuguan, attacked Chu, beheaded 50,000 people, leaving (now Xichuan, Henan) and about fifteen cities.

Exile in Hanbei

In the 11th year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 304 years), Qu Yuan wandered for the first time (above the Hanshui River, now around Xixia and Xichuan in Nanyang, Henan). Qin Chu compound, contrary to qu yuan's plan, and treacherous court official will be hurt by slanderers, but also to avoid the land of northern Han, so the nine chapters? Thinking means wanting to return. "

In the 13th year of Zhou Nanwang (302 BC), Qi, Wei and Han allied forces attacked Chu, sent the prince to Qin as a hostage, and asked Qin to send troops to rescue him. The king of Qin ordered Ke Qingtong to lead the troops to save Chu and repel the allied forces of the Three Kingdoms. The following year, a doctor of Qin State and Prince Heng were killed because of a private fight. The prince fled back to Chu for fear that Zhao Haoqi, the king of Qin, would blame him. This incident worsened the relationship between Qin and Chu, which led to Qin attacking Chu frequently. "Qu Yuan hated that Chu Huaiwang listened to the gossip of villains, and let the untrue language blind the correct language. These rumors will harm the interests of Chu, which founder people can't tolerate, so Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao in bitter meditation. "

In the sixteenth year of Zhou Nanwang (299 BC), Qu Yuan had returned from exile in the Northern Han Dynasty. Together with Zhao Ju and others, he advised Chu Huaiwang not to attend the meeting, saying, "The land of tigers and wolves is not credible, so it is better not to." But my child Zilan was afraid of losing her love and urged her to go. As a result, as soon as Chu Huaiwang entered Wuguan, he was detained by Qin Jun, grabbed Xianyang and threatened to cede Wuxian and Qianzhong counties. After the capture of Xianyang, the State of Chu was made King Xiang by Qi Ying, and his son was made King Xiang, refusing to cede the land to the State of Qin. Qin once again sent troops to attack Chu, defeated the Chu army, beheaded 50 thousand and took sixteen cities.

Exile Jiangnan

In the 19th year of Zhou Nanwang (296 BC), Chu Huaiwang died in the State of Qin, which sent his body back to the State of Chu for burial. So the ministers thought Qin was unjust. Qin and Chu broke up. Qu Yuan was dismissed as a doctor in San Lv and exiled to Jiangnan. He started from Du Ying, went to Ezhu first, and then entered Dongting.

In the twentieth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 295 years), Qu Yuan went to Changsha, where he enjoyed the mountains and rivers of Changsha and became deeply attached to this country.

In the twenty-second year of Zhou Nanwang (293 BC), in the sixth year of Chu Qing, the State of Qin sent Tian Lei to Iraq to attack South Korea, which won a great victory and beheaded 240,000 people. The State of Qin sent a letter to the King of Chu, saying, "The State of Chu has betrayed the State of Qin, and the State of Qin is ready to lead the vassals to crusade against the State of Chu and decide the outcome. I hope you will rectify your foot soldiers and have a good fight. " The king of Chu did not forget his desire to rebel, pointing out that he ended up in a foreign country because "his so-called loyal ministers were unfaithful, while his so-called sages were heartless."

From the 21st year of Zhou Nanwang (294 BC) to the 36th year of Zhou Nanwang (279 BC), Qu Yuan was exiled to a remote area in the south for the second time. Exile route, according to the "nine chapters? Ai Lu's analysis starts from Du Ying (now Jiangling, Hubei), flows southeast, passes through Xiashou (now southeast of Shashi, Hubei), Wanglongmen (Du Yingdong's gate), enters the Yangtze River through Dongting Lake, leaves Xiapu (now Hankou, Hubei), and finally reaches Lingyang (according to legend, it is south of Qingyang County, Anhui). It lasted 16 years, during which a large number of outstanding literary works were written, such as Nine Chapters? Sad return air, etc.

Self-investment Miluo

In the thirty-fifth year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 280 years), in the nineteenth year of Chu and Han Dynasties, Qin General Sima Cuo attacked Chu, and Chu ceded Shang Yong and Hanbei; In the second year, he attacked Chu and took evil spirits, Deng and Xiling.

In the thirty-seventh year of Zhou Nanwang (the first 278 years), Du Ying was captured by Tian Lei, and King Xiang of Chu had to flee with the ruling aristocrat "Chen Cheng of Yu Bao (now Huaiyang County, Henan Province)". In a state of extreme depression and complete despair, Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. This year was probably the twenty-first year of King Xiang of Chu Qing (278 BC), and Qu Yuan was about sixty-two.