Appreciation of the Translation of Records of Japan in the Late Han Dynasty

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Japan is the island today. This biography is an important historical material for exchanges between ancient Japan and China.

original text

Japan is in the southeast sea of Korea and lives on a mountain island, covering more than 100 countries. Since Liang Wudi destroyed Korea, it has been 30 countries that spread the post station to the Han Dynasty, and all countries are kings, which is a tradition from generation to generation [1]. Its great Japanese king lived in the evil horse Thailand. Lelang county, go to its country for 22 thousand Li, go to its northwest border and detain South Korea for more than 7 thousand Li. Its scale is larger than the east of Huiji Dongye [2], and it is similar to Zhu Ya and Yu 'er [3], so its laws and customs are similar. The soil is suitable for rice, hemp and sericulture, and its weaving performance is famous for its cloth. White beads and sapphires are produced. Its mountains are covered with Dantu. Warm air, lettuce in winter and summer. There are no cows, horses, tigers, leopards, sheep or magpies. Its soldiers are spears, rafters, wooden bows and bamboo arrows, or they use bones as arrowheads. Men are all tattooed (tattooed), depending on the size of the tattoo.

Their men's clothes are all banners, which are finally connected. A woman bent over, dressed like a quilt and put it on her head. And with the body of Dan Zhubi [5], such as the powder of China. There is a gate room. Parents and brothers are different, but men and women are the same. Eat and drink with your hands, but use water peas. Vulgarity is just dross, and squatting is respectful. Human nature is addicted to alcohol. Longevity test, to 100 years old. Many women and adults in the country have four or five wives, and the rest are two or three. Women are not slutty or jealous.

Very vulgar, not stealing, less litigation. Those who break the law have no wives, and those who break the law will be punished. He died and mourned for more than ten days. His family cried, didn't eat or drink, and sang and danced for fun. Burn bones to predict, and use it to judge good or bad. Crossing the sea makes a person not comb [6], eat meat and get close to women. This is called "failure". If you paint Geely, hire a property; When you get sick and think you don't want to decline, kill it.

To annotate ...

Tradition: hereditary title or throne.

[2] Huiji Dongye: This is Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

[3] Zhu Ya: Haikou, Hainan today. Bohr: It's in the northwest of Dan County, Hainan. The author's geography is wrong here.

[4] Xie (dùn): The original meaning is the crossbar of the railing, which is a shield of meaning.

[5] bè n: accumulate and smear.

[6] Comb your hair: comb your hair and take a bath.

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Japan lives in the sea in the southeast of South Korea, and lives by the island, with more than 100 countries. Since Liang Wudi destroyed Korea, the Japanese have sent envoys and translators to and from Han in about 30 countries, and each country calls itself a king, which has been handed down from generation to generation. King Wu lives in the evil country of Malaysia. The border of Le Lang County is 0/2000 miles away from the evil Matai/Kloc, and more than 7000 miles away from the Japanese northwest border. Japanese territory is roughly in the east of Huiji Dongye, near Zhu Ya and Yuer, so their statutes and customs are mostly the same.

The soil there is suitable for growing rice, hemp, sericulture and mulberry, and the Japanese know how to weave silk and hemp into cloth. There are white jade beads and sapphires. There is red soil on the mountain. The climate is warm, vegetables grow in winter and summer, but there are no cows, horses, tigers, leopards, sheep and magpies. Their weapons are spears, shields and wooden bows. Arrows are made of bamboo and arrows are made of bones. Men tattoo, tattoo on the face, look left and right, look at the size of the pattern. The clothes men wear there are all made of whole pieces of cloth and silk and tied together. Women wear hair, curly hair, clothes like a thin quilt, from head to toe; Moreover, cinnabar powder is coated on the body, similar to the powder used by Central Plains people. They have walls, fences and houses. Parents and brothers are separated, but there is no difference between men and women at the party. Eat and drink with your hands, use ritual vessels and beans. They are used to barefoot and think that squatting and sitting are respect for others. People there are addicted to alcohol. Many people live a long life, and many people live to 100 years old. There are more women in China. The leader has four or five wives. Others have two wives, and some have three wives. Women are not jealous.

Moreover, the custom there is not stealing, and there are few disputes and lawsuits. Offenders' wives and children will be confiscated, and in severe cases, the whole family will be beheaded. People die for more than ten days, and their families cry, and they don't eat or drink. Others go to the deceased's house to sing and dance for fun. They barbecue bones to predict good or bad luck. When they cross the sea, they ask a person not to dress up, take a bath, eat meat and stay away from women. This is called "persistence". If you are lucky on the road, give your property to those who fail; If you are sick or killed outside, you will think that the loser is not strict and kill them together.

original text

In the second year of Jianwu Zhongyuan, the Japanese slave country paid tribute, which made people call themselves doctors, and the Japanese country was extremely south. Guangwu gave it a seal. In the first year of Emperor Andi's Yongzheng, Wang Shuai was born 160. Please meet him.

Huan, Ling, and Japan were in chaos and attacked many times, and there was no owner for many years. There is a woman named himiko. She is too old to get married. She is a Taoist priest, who can charm people with magic, so * * * was made king. There are thousands of maids, which few people see. Only one person gives food and drinks and sends messages. Living in the palace building, looking at the city gate, all soldiers guarded, strict law and order.

From the queen's kingdom to the slave countries, they are all Japanese species and do not belong to the queen. People are three or four feet long from the Queen's State to the Zhu (Jurassic) Confucian State. Since Zhu's (Jurassic) Confucianism sailed in the southeast for a year, it has spread from the post station to the naked country and the black pool country, which is excellent.

There are Dongpu people overseas in Huiji, which are divided into more than 20 countries. There are Yizhou and Yizhou [7]. It is rumored that Qin Shihuang sent alchemist Xu Fu to send thousands of boys into the sea, begging Penglai Fairy not to return it, but Xu dared not return it, so he stopped the continent, with tens of thousands of people. People go to Huiji City [8]. People from Dongye County, Huiji got wind when they moved to Zhou Zhou. It's too far away to communicate with each other.

To annotate ...

[7] Yizhou: About today's Taiwan Province Province. Jizhou: It's about today's Ryukyu Islands.

[8] City: Doing business.

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In the second year of Jianwu Zhongyuan (57), the Japanese slave country sent people to worship and celebrate. The emissary claimed to be a doctor, and the Japanese slave country was at the southernmost tip of the country. Emperor Guangwu gave the Japanese slave country a national seal. In the first year of Andi Yongchu, Wang Shuaisheng of Japan and others proposed 160 people, hoping to appear in court.

During the reign of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling, Japan was in chaos and attacked each other, and there was no monarch for many years. There was a woman named himiko, who never got married when she was old. She practiced the art of ghosts and gods and could confuse everyone with witchcraft, so everyone made her king together. There are thousands of waiters and maids, and few people see her. Only one man provided her with food and delivered her words. The palace building and the wall where she lives are guarded by people with weapons. Legal customs are very strict.

From the Queen's country crossing the sea 1000 miles to the slave country, although they are all Japanese, they are not under the jurisdiction of the Queen. From the Queen's Country to the Dwarf Country more than 4,000 miles south, people are three or four feet tall. Take a year's boat ride from the dwarf country to the southeast, you can go to the naked country, the black pool country, and the places where the emissary can go are so much for the time being.

There are Dongpu people overseas in Huiji, which are divided into more than 20 countries. There are Yizhou and Yizhou. Legend has it that Qin Shihuang sent alchemist Xu Fu to lead thousands of boys and girls across the ocean to find Penglai Fairy, but they didn't find it. Chui fook was afraid of being beheaded and didn't dare to come back. He lived in Yizhou, with tens of thousands of people from generation to generation. People often go to Huiji to do business. In Dongye County, Huiji, some people encountered strong winds while sailing at sea and were drifted to Zhou Zhou. Zhou Zhou is far away, so there is no way to communicate.

original text

Shangyun: In the past, I disobeyed the fate of declining Yin and avoided North Korea. At the beginning, its national customs were unknown, and eight-part essay was implemented to make people know that it was forbidden. So there is no prostitution and theft in the city, and it is not closed at night [9]. It is also unusual for the three parties to return to stubbornness and vulgarity and practice leniency for a hundred years. If the political situation is stable, morality will be maintained. Zhong Ni was very angry and thought Jiuyi was habitable, or doubted its ugliness. Confucius said, "Where a gentleman lives, why is it ugly!" This is also taken for granted. Later, he contacted businessmen and gradually established diplomatic relations with China. Yan people's guards are full of distractions, so they are different [10]. Laozi said: "There are many laws and regulations, and there are many thieves." If Ji Zi is a simple and honest province, it will be the original practice of sages!

Zan: The house is Yiyi [1 1], which is Yigu. Woshan dives into the sea, and there are nine canals. At the end of the chaos, the Yan people violated the difficulties. Miscellaneous flowers poured into the book [12], so there were China people. Translation is biased, either from or from the side (rebellion).

To annotate ...

[9]Jing: the latch and hook that closes the door from the outside.

[10] Different people: the folk customs are sinister.

[1 1] Yi (yú) Yi: refers to the eastern coastal area of Shandong in ancient times.

[12] Watering books: disturbing the roots.

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Historians commented: In the past, Ji Zi was far away from the declining Shang Dynasty and took refuge in North Korea. The primitive customs of North Korea have never been heard of. After the eight bans were put into practice by Kiko, people knew that the law was forbidden. Therefore, there is no adultery and theft in the city, and the door is not closed at night, which changes the ignorant and barbaric customs and approaches the lenient and simple laws. It has been implemented for hundreds of thousands of years, so the people in Dongyi have generally formed a moderate and cautious atmosphere, which is different from the other three parties. As long as politics is accessible, there will be morality. Zhong Ni was very angry and thought that September 1st could survive. Some people suspect that 91 was despicable. Confucius said, "What's the point of talented people living there?" This is the only idea. Since then, Korean businessmen have done business with each other and gradually had contacts with the Central Plains. However, Wei Man, a native of Yan State, disturbed the fashion in North Korea, and the fashion became sinister and varied from then on. Laozi said, "The more obvious the law is, the more thieves there are." Like Ji Zi, the original intention of sages to make laws is to simplify the legal provisions and govern the country by faith!

Zanlun said: I live in a place called Igu. Living in the mountains and hiding in the sea is different from the clans in the Central Plains. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, when the famine occurred, the Yan people fled. Mixed with the customs of China people, the original fashion was diluted, so we communicated with. In the distance, through translation, sometimes I yield and sometimes I betray.