What does the ceremony of the Duke of Zhou mean? What does it mean to carry out the ceremony of the Duke of Zhou?

What does it mean to pay homage to Duke Zhou? "The courtesy of the Duke of Zhou" generally refers to the husband and wife sharing the same room and having sexual relations. "The courtesy of the Duke of Zhou" is a euphemism for sexual relations in Chinese, which is a bit of a joke.

It is said that men and women promiscuous in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, but Duke Zhou thought it impossible, so he stipulated that men and women should not have sex casually before marriage, unless it was the wedding day. Later, people called it "the gift of the Duke of Zhou".

When the Duke of Zhou is honored, the relationship between husband and wife is harmonious.

In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the world was getting worse and worse, and the folk marriage customs were in chaos.

For Mingde Xinmin, Duke Zhou personally formulated the etiquette. From the wedding ceremony, Duke Zhou made a major reform on the chaotic handover of men and women at that time. He divided men and women from matchmaking to marriage into seven links, namely, receiving gifts, asking names, Najib, receiving gifts, inviting guests, welcoming relatives, and dunlun, and made detailed and detailed regulations on each link, collectively called "seven ceremonies of marriage righteousness".

This seventh ceremony-Dunlun, that is, Dunmu couple, contains the intention of guiding newlyweds to act according to the ceremony. His behavior is superior to that of women, which accords with the overriding principle of heaven and earth. Therefore, yin and yang are harmonious, dry and orderly, dimensional and unchanged, and there are many descendants.

Allen: The nickname for mating. Originally a Confucian term, it was borrowed by Buddhists and later turned into sexual intercourse.

Confucianism: The Analects of Confucius and Eight-Part Essay III: To learn Confucianism, we must do our best first, and then we can place our hopes on the sages.

Buddhism: Three Essentials for Seeking Children ◎ ◎ The first is to preserve health and abstain from abstinence in order to cultivate innate ability, and the second is to accumulate virtue in order to establish Fuji. The third child is good at teaching. (Master of Printing Light)

Although Dunlun means * * *, it is for husband and wife only. Only men and women with marital status can use Dunlun, and couples can't use this word.

Extended data:

Detailed explanation

According to legend, in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the world was poor and the marriage customs were chaotic.

Duke Zhou, who assisted the Emperor of Heaven in power, was sorting out folk customs, and he personally formulated ethics for the people. Duke of Zhou attached great importance to weddings, from matchmaking between men and women to marriage, * * * was divided into seven links: receiving gifts, asking names, Naji, receiving gifts, inviting guests, welcoming relatives and giving thanks.

Each link has specific and detailed regulations, which are collectively called "Seven Rites of Marriage Righteousness" and "Seven Rites of Marriage Righteousness for Scholars". In order to let scholars know how to implement the "Seven Rites", Duke Zhou then held a ceremony with his wife and put forward his own views.

But when I tried the "Dunlun" section, Duke Zhou's wife refused. Dunlun, that is, the relationship between husband and wife, contains the intention of guiding newlyweds to act according to the ceremony. But his wife didn't agree to audition for Allen.

While hesitating, the Duke of Zhou saw several gourd scoops fiddled with by his son Boqin, and was inspired. He tried to combine the two pieces into a gourd.

The next day, the Duke of Zhou called the children of the scholar to Biyong (school) to explain the "Seven Rites of Marriage Righteousness". When saying "Dunlun", he took out a pair of original gourds and gourds.

Take this as a metaphor: before the separation, such as chaos, after the incision, if men and women are different, the relationship between husband and wife is like a combination, and its appearance is a man and a woman. With all the overwhelming principles of promotion, Yin and Yang are harmonious, the branches and branches are orderly, and the dimensions are simple and complicated.

Since then, newlyweds have acted according to the "seven rites", and the original teaching aid ladle has also been regarded as a ritual vessel at the wedding: two ladle handles are tied with ropes, indicating that the couple are a family; It must be placed in the new house one by one, symbolizing the dependence of men on women and the reproduction of future generations.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the wedding ceremony formulated by Duke Zhou was gradually abandoned, so Confucius re-enacted the ceremony code. In the "Dunlun" section of The Scholars, he thought that the times had changed and he could save it. The "Six Rites" came into being. However, the folks still put the gourd ladle handed down from generation to generation on the wedding ceremony.

Confucius also accepted the gift book and called it "couplets". It is not a formal ritual instrument in the wedding ceremony, but an instrument for the newlyweds to gargle with wine after "eating prison food" (that is, eating sacrificial meat). After a long time, many people think that this is an instrument for drinking "concentric wine"; Some people still learn from their predecessors' practices and put them one by one. Where can we know its original meaning?

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Gift of Duke Zhou

What does the ceremony of the Duke of Zhou mean? "The courtesy of the Duke of Zhou" refers to the husband and wife sharing the same room and having sexual relations. "The courtesy of the Duke of Zhou" is a euphemism for sexual relations in Chinese. Huainanzi Ben Jing Xun: Men and women live in different places. Liezi Tang Wen: Men and women travel together without employment or media. Guan zi jun ju pian: the ancients had no way to match husband and wife.

In ancient China, there was no marriage. It is said that Nu Wa established the marriage system, but for a long time afterwards, there was still confusion about how men and women got married. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou assisted the Emperor of Zhou in managing state affairs.

At that time, the social atmosphere was chaotic, so the Duke of Zhou started with the wedding and carried out a great reform on the chaotic situation of marriage between men and women at that time, making it unified and standardized and popularized all over the world. Duke Zhou divided men and women from matchmaking to marriage into seven links, namely, accepting gifts, asking names, Naji, accepting gifts, inviting people and welcoming them personally, and made detailed regulations for each link.

Extended data

Duke Zhou, surnamed Ji Mingdan, is the fourth son of Zhou Wenwang and the younger brother of King Wu. He was a famous politician and thinker in China during the Western Zhou Dynasty. He has twice assisted Zhou Wuwang in the eastward expedition to Zhou Wang, making ritual music. Because of its fief in Zhou, Jue is the main, so it is called Duke of Zhou.

At that time, he was filial and kind, assisted in cutting Zhou and sealed in Lu. Duke Zhou did not go to seal the country, but stayed in the dynasty, assisted King Wu, and established a system for Zhou Anding's society. King Wu collapsed and he became the king's regent.

Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-The Gift of Duke Zhou

Who was the "Duke of Zhou" in the ceremony to go to Duke of Zhou? Duke of Zhou

During the Zhou dynasty, the title-holders assisted the king of Zhou to govern the world. Usually, there is only one Duke of Zhou, but at the end of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there was a chaotic situation with two Duke of Zhou. The first generation Duke of Zhou surnamed Ji Mingdan, also known as Shu Dan, was the fourth son of King Ji Chang of Zhou Wen. Because the fief was in Zhou (now Qishan North, Shaanxi Province), it was called Duke of Zhou or. He was an outstanding politician and strategist in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Gongdan is the mother and brother of Zhou Wuwang Ji Fa. In the battle of the Zhou Dynasty to destroy the Shang Dynasty, he "always kept most of the things for the king of the army." Two years after the demise of Shang Dynasty, King Wu died of illness, and his son became a young king, who was regent by Duke Zhou. Two other brothers, Guan Shu and Cai Shu, refused to accept it. They spread rumors that Duke Zhou was ambitious and might kill the king and usurp the throne. Hearing this, Duke Zhou said to Taiheshuang, "I have to bear the heavy responsibility of regency regardless of my personal gains and losses, because I am afraid that the world will be unstable. If the mountains and rivers are in chaos, how can I be worthy of the trust of my ancestors and the prince of Wu? " He also said to his son, Boqin, who was about to attack the Duke and seize the land in Gulu, "I am the son of King Wen, my brother, and my uncle who became a king, and I have a high status in China. But I have always been diligent and thrifty, treating scholars with an open mind, for fear of losing the sages of the world. You go to Lu, don't be arrogant. " Soon, Guan Shu and Cai Shu colluded with Wu Geng, the son of Zhou Wang, and joined the Dongyi tribe against the Zhou Dynasty. Duke Zhou was ordered to become king and led his division east. After three years of hard fighting, the rebellion was finally put down, the eastern countries were conquered, and a large number of merchants were overthrown. At the same time, Guan Shu and Wu Geng were killed and Cai Shu was exiled. It consolidated the rule of the Zhou Dynasty (see Duke Zhou's eastward expedition). After Zhou Gongdan's counter-insurgency, in order to strengthen the control of the East, it was formally suggested that Wang Cheng move its capital to Luoyi (now Luoyang). At the same time, a large number of Shang nobles captured in the war, that is, "Yin stubborn people", moved to Luoyi and sent Shuang to station eight divisions in Luoyi to strengthen their supervision. In addition, Zhou Gongdan also named his younger brother Kang Shu Wei Jun, stationed in the old business market, and managed the business adherents there. He warned the young Kang Shu that the Shang Dynasty perished because Zhou Wang was addicted to drinking and whoring, so that the dynasty was in chaos and the princes upheld justice. He charged, "When you arrive at Yin Ruins, you should first ask to visit the sages and elders there and ask them why the Shang Dynasty flourished first and then died." Second, we must love the people. "I also wrote the above description into three chapters, namely Kang's patent, wine patent and catalpa material, and handed them over to Kang Shu as rules. After Kang Shu went to Yin Ruins, he kept in mind Zhou Gongdan's entrustment, scrimped and saved, cared about the people, and made local officials live and work in peace and contentment. After the capital of Luoyi was established, Zhou Gongdan began to implement the policy of "sealing the country". He successively established 7 1 fief, named King Wu's 15 brothers and 16 heroes as princes to defend the royal family. In addition, the well-field system was widely implemented throughout the country, and the land was planned in a unified way, which consolidated and strengthened the economic foundation of the Zhou Dynasty. In order to further consolidate the Zhou regime and "make rites and music", a set of laws and regulations to maintain the patriarchal clan system and the upper and lower levels were formulated and implemented. There are mainly "Ji Fu" system, "Jue Shu" system, "Fa" system, "eldest son inheritance" system and "Yue" system. Among them, the most important are the eldest son inheritance system and the hierarchy of seniority. The succession to the throne in Shang Dynasty was mostly brothers and sisters, and the succession was uncertain. The inheritance system established by the Duke of Zhou, that is, taking blood as a link, stipulated that the throne of the Emperor of Zhou was inherited by the eldest son. At the same time, other illegitimate children were made princes and great doctors. Their relationship with the son of heaven is the relationship between the local and the central government, and the relationship between the small clan and the big clan. Zhou Gongdan has also formulated a series of strict etiquette systems, such as monarch and his subjects, father and son, brothers, kinship, respect and inferiority, in order to adjust the relationship between the central and local governments, monarch and his subjects and strengthen the rule of the central government. Zhou Gongdan was a regent for six years. When he became king, he decided to return to politics and become a king. Before regaining power, Duke Zhou wrote "There is no escape", taking the demise of the Shang Dynasty as a lesson, warning Wang Cheng to be a prophet of "land to the tiller" and not to indulge in debauchery, comfort, fun and hunting. Then, "when the government is exhausted, the north will be a minister. "After Zhou Gongdan abdicated, he focused on the system of rites and music and continued to improve various laws and regulations. Before his old age and illness ended, he told him, "Be sure to bury me in Luoyi to show that I can't leave to be king until I die. "Died soon. Comments: Zhou Gongdan was a famous strategist in the Western Zhou Dynasty. His strategy of unifying the interior and destroying the enemy, paying equal attention to military attack and political struggle, and his operational guidance of weakening first and strengthening later enriched and developed China's ancient military thought, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Does the "Duke of Zhou" in the ceremony of going to Duke of Zhou refer to Ji Chang? Duke of Zhou, surnamed Ji Mingdan, also known as Uncle Dan. Zhou Wenwang's son and Zhou Wuwang's half-brother. In his life, he experienced three generations of literature, literature and art, and helped to destroy business. After the death of King Wu, he became a young king. He was the Regent, started his Crusade, put down the rebellion, enfeoffed the princes, established the East Capital and the system of rites and music, and regained power as a king.

It was the fourth son of Ji Chang, king of Zhou Wen, who helped King Wu destroy Shang Zhouwang. He has been filial to his parents since childhood. He is honest, loyal, versatile and clever, and is deeply loved by King Wen. When King Wen was alive, Duke Zhou and his younger brother Ji Fa (later King Wu) were always by his side to help with government affairs. King Wen laid a solid foundation for the development and prosperity of the Zhou Dynasty, but he died before he could destroy the Shang Dynasty. After Zhou Wuwang ascended the throne, the Duke of Zhou became the assistant of King Wu. At that time, the status of Duke Zhou was equivalent to that of veteran Jiang Taigong, who was the most influential minister around the king. * * * He plotted to destroy the business plan and complete the unfinished business of King Wen. Two years later, the Duke of Zhou and the Prince of Wu joined forces in Jin Meng (now Mengjin County, Henan Province), and agreed with the governors of various countries to jointly cut merchants and review the army. Jin Meng is close to the capital of Shang Dynasty. The military exercise here is a test and demonstration for Shang Dynasty. In the second year after the Jin Meng League, King Wu, with the assistance of Duke Zhou and others, commanded 300 chariots, 3,000 warriors and 45,000 foot soldiers, crossed Jin Meng and gathered in Mu Ye to take the oath, which was the pastoral oath in Shangshu. The Grazing Oath was written by Duke Zhou. The full text is divided into two paragraphs. The first paragraph denounces Shang Zhouwang for only listening to the woman (da ji) and not offering sacrifices to the ancestor God. Even their ancestors and brothers were not appointed, but sinners who fled from all directions were reused and allowed to oppress the people, leading to widespread indignation and resentment, yin and destruction. The second paragraph declares that he is a natural punishment, declares operational discipline and encourages soldiers to bravely kill the enemy. The soldiers sent by Shang Zhouwang are temporary slaves and prisoners. These people have long held a grudge against the Shang Dynasty. As soon as they fought with King Wu's allies, they turned their spears and rushed back to kill them. The army was defeated. King Wu successfully occupied Chao Ge (now Qixian County, Henan Province), the capital of Shang Dynasty. From then on, the Shang Dynasty perished and the Zhou Dynasty was established. After the demise of Shang Dynasty, the King of Wu asked the minister for advice on how to deal with the slave owners and upper-class nobles in Yin Dynasty. Jiang Shang, King Tai Gong, showed that all these people were killed, leaving no future trouble. Zhou Wuwang disagreed and went to consult with Minister Zhao Gong. Zhao Gong said, "Kill the guilty and leave the innocent." King Wu thought, it is not good to kill all the guilty people, no matter their weight. So King Wu found Duke Zhou again. Duke Zhou said, "Let Yin people live in their original places and cultivate them in their original places. Strive for influential benevolent people among the Yin people. " The duke of Zhou's policy of taking prisoners alive, resettling and disintegrating on the spot, won the praise of King Wu. King Wu ordered Zhao Gong to release the imprisoned Jizi and the imprisoned nobles; Repair Shang Rong's former residence and set up signs; Let Yao Hong repair the grave of the minister Bigen who was destroyed by Zhou Wang; Ordered Nangong Kuo to distribute money from Lutai, open the granary of Giant Bridge and help the hungry Yin people. All these measures show that we should do the opposite, rehabilitate those who have been harmed by Yin and strive for the heart of Yin. What exactly does feudal ethics mean? (Please elaborate) feudal ethics

Feudal ethics refers to all the rules of feudal society. Since the New Culture Movement, when it comes to feudal ethics, many people hate it. But what is feudal ethics? Feudalism is hard. But what consciousness is the word feudalism? The ancient meaning of feudalism refers to the enfeoffment system. If defined according to Marx's theory of social development, feudal system does not belong to feudal society. Because the feudal system was a social system established by the Zhou Dynasty, the feudal society after Qin Dynasty used centralization of authority instead of feudal system. Officials don't have their own fiefs. It can be seen that the definition of feudalism is inaccurate. The basis of "Ethics" is the feudal system on weekends. It should be said that "Feudal Ethics" was the "ethics" of that era.

The so-called "ceremony" refers to the religious customs and etiquette that originated in the clan society. After the emergence of the feudal state, the ritual with customary significance was transformed and perfected by the ruling class, which became the embodiment of the will of the state and had the nature and effect of law. However, as a code of conduct, its primitive, mixed, moral and human nature still exist, and its ethical and cultural values remain the same; The patriarchal sociality of rites still remains, thus becoming a unique normative system in ancient China. "Rite" has become a transitional code of conduct between "law" and "custom". Feudal ethics is the symbol of hierarchical order in feudal society and the criterion of interpersonal relationship. It is a tool used by feudal rulers to coordinate the internal relations of the ruling class and restrain the people to maintain feudal rule. It has an extremely profound and extensive normative control function for society.

"The Book of Etiquette in the Old Tang Dynasty" says: "Therefore, if the ceremony is established, the court will respect it; The ceremony in the suburban temple will make you feel sad; The ceremony of crown marriage is orderly for all ages; The gift of mourning is filial piety; Searching for the inauguration ceremony will shake the army; If you enjoy the banquet, the monarch and the minister will be loyal. " It covers almost all aspects of feudal social relations and is a powerful tool to consolidate feudal monarchy and maintain feudal ruling order. In modern semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, it is still the most fundamental moral norm and code of conduct. This control is mainly achieved through moral preaching and etiquette rules. The classic law of morality is the three cardinal guides and five permanents, that is, the provisions on the respective birthright and mutual relationship between the monarch, the minister, the father, the son, the husband, the wife, the brothers and the friends. The principle of the relationship between the monarch and the minister is: the monarch is benevolent and the minister is patient, and this principle also applies to all other titles and the relationship between superiors and subordinates. Friends should be faithful, and this principle also applies to other equal relationships.

At that time, the contractual relationship under legal supervision and guarantee was not fully developed, and the moral principle of "faith" played an important role in maintaining the professional ethics of many industries and the credit and order in interpersonal relationships. The definition of "righteousness" is within the scope of personal good deeds, which is harmless and conducive to the stability of feudal ruling order. Therefore, most people cultivate themselves, maintain their position of fame and fortune, strictly observe the position of seniority, keep up and down, and play a profound and extensive control function. Etiquette rules are concrete and detailed behavior rules in people's daily life and social activities, and are the means for rulers to promote this concept and norm in the whole society and directly restrain people's behavior. They complement and strengthen preaching.

The rulers of China attached great importance to the formulation and implementation of etiquette rules. The Qing government has always maintained the establishment of etiquette department, which is mainly responsible for etiquette rules. When the state is "clean", some families have family gifts. Rites in the Qing Dynasty include government activities in the suburbs, attending saints, praying for the New Year, building fights and other etiquette rules, as well as people's activities such as sacrifices, weddings, funerals, banquets and celebrations. In addition, it also includes people's etiquette rules in other daily social activities and communication (such as the ceremony of monarch and minister, the ceremony of teachers and students, the ceremony of friends and so on). ). Even the dress details of people of different grades and identities in various ceremonial occasions are clearly defined. The etiquette rules formulated by this country have great binding force on the literati class. The rulers of the upper class can't violate the ceremony at will, which really plays an educational role, and some of them are also carried out to the lower classes of society, such as Ding You's funeral.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, everyone said that "the ceremony collapsed and the music was bad". centralization of authority, which was implemented after the Qin Dynasty, had no social foundation of "feudal ethics". Although later generations respected Confucianism and repeated the rites of Zhou Dynasty, the rites were different from Zhou Da's. Can we say that feudal society is "feudal ethics"? The feudal system of the weekend finally formed a number of vassal States in the Warring States period.

The Zhou Dynasty was an alliance of vassal states. Ancient Greece, for example, is a combination of cities along the Mediterranean, but their cultural characteristics are the same. This era is an era of sages and freedom of thought. Look at China: Confucius, Laozi, Mencius, Zhuangzi and Xunzi. Look at the world: Buddha Sakyamuni, Christ, Aristotle, Socrates. How many great men have emerged in this era? We can define it this way: the feudal ethics produced freedom of thought and academic freedom. Let's take a look again: how did the feudal system on weekends produce such cultural achievements? Feudalism: enfeoffment system. Scholar-officials in the Zhou Dynasty all had their own fiefs and could carry out their own policies, so they were also free ideologically.

Different from the later centralized society, the freedom of literati is much smaller. Only "ethics" can unite the vassal states, and Zhou Wang's own fief is very small. However, at that time, all the vassal states worshipped him, and ethics naturally made Zhou Wang the center. In the future, I will live up to expectations and make fun of the country's contribution: I laughed at Bomei people, and a bonfire rose on the Great Wall, and the ministers panicked, thinking that the enemy was in sight, but I didn't know that Zhou Wang was pointing at the ministers at the gate to tease the beautiful women. The beauty smiled, the national credit was lost, and the moral code was dead. Duke Zhou is full of joy! Zhou Chengwang is still young, and the Duke of Zhou gave him all the help. As an adult, he made the world king instead of seeking the position of emperor. Duke Zhou vomited and fed back the world. According to legend, Duke Zhou had guests at dinner, but Zhou spit out the rice in his mouth and gargled to receive the guests. Duke Zhou, what's the harm in seeing you later? The ceremony is like this, those who are near are happy, those who are far away are coming, and the world is returning to the heart. Cultivate one's self-cultivation, treat others with courtesy. Wang You forgot. The emperor hangs down and the world rules, but the king forgets. The son of heaven is first of all a model of etiquette, regulating social atmosphere.

The ancient system: "If you are not a son of heaven, you will not make rituals and music. If you are not a doctor, you will not make them." The authority of the son of heaven, he is a model of etiquette and music, advocating civilization with etiquette and music. Then the fashion trend is to follow the music (such as movie stars now). But the system is not decided by the emperor alone, but worked out by doctors together, which embodies social democracy. The rites and music of the Zhou Dynasty had a great influence on the vassal states. Although the vassal states held real power and Zhou Wang was a hollow name, the hollow name at that time could unite real power. When King Zhou ruled the dynasty, he once ruled Jiuding, symbolizing Jiuzhou. At the time of the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, a king of Chu wanted to carry this tripod home and sent an envoy to test the king of Zhou, saying, "How heavy is this Jiuding?" Sensing the intention of the King of Chu, Zhou Wang replied, "This tripod is a heavy weapon of the country. Do you allow me to ask? " Chu Zhuangwang flinched, and Chu Zhuangwang was one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. This tripod is so famous that Chu Zhuangwang still dare not take it by force. How can you win the world by strength? Name belongs to reality, just virtue. Out of courtesy, we know the system, respect human rights and make concessions to each other. Although negative peddlers must be respected, is this bullying? Although the princes were strong, the Duke of Zhou was polite. Some people say that morality is a cangue rope. Was the ceremony a cangue rope? Master begged for the cangue rope all his life? Ceremony is a festival of justice, and justice is upright. [Book of Rites]: Courtesy, don't talk nonsense about people, don't hesitate to pay. Courtesy, not exceeding the festival, not insulting, is not good. Self-cultivation and self-cultivation are called good deeds.

The quality of ceremony is also the quality of speech. [Book of Rites]: Courtesy is still exchanged, and it is indecent to go and not come; It is impolite to come instead of going. Politeness is safe, rudeness is dangerous, so politeness must be learned. Those who are polite to their husbands feel inferior and respect others. Although the seller will be respected, is the situation rich? If you are rich and know good gifts, you will not be arrogant or immoral. If you are poor and polite, you won't be intimidated. [The Doctrine of the Mean]: The former king took Tao as beauty and small as reason. Don't bully people. Isn't this democracy? Can build trust and talk about harmony, is it not democracy? Therefore, a gentleman has a way, and he gains it with loyalty and loses it with arrogance. Si is a good word, enough to warn thousands of people.

Emperors of later generations all came from hegemony. When a rabbit dies, a dog cooks, and a bird hides. Is it a gift from Duke Zhou? "No punishment for doctors, no courtesy for Shu Ren". Yue Fei was so loyal that he was punished for "unwarranted" charges. Zhou Li again? Rites are not punished. The reason is: the society at that time could not be punished; First, ministers have their own fiefs. If they are wrong, the rites and music will be conquered by the emperor and will not be separated by the princes. Second, the minister's crime is "indecency". It must not be robbery, theft, murder and arson, nor will it be poverty and corruption (at that time, the country had its own territory, and only taxes were set, and taxes were collected according to the ceremony, so it was impossible to be corrupt again, and corruption only existed after centralization). For the "disgraceful" prince, the son of heaven must conquer him. Since then, the authority of the emperor's "ceremony" has been weakened, and the vassals took Wang Ba as their skill. This is the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Therefore, feudal ethics is the foundation of democracy. Modern society should improve the supervision mechanism, but corrupt people have their own networks to deal with supervision. It is better to improve the supervision mechanism and establish feudal ethics, rule of law and rule of virtue.

Liu Yun: Humble and natural. Take it for granted

January: You know the danger above, but you know the resistance below. Take what you know and fight it.

One said: More than two merits, more than five honors. Draw more work from it.

Confucius said: A gentleman is virtuous, while a villain is virtuous. Take its virtue grass.

As a poem says, an elegant lady is an elegant gentleman. Marry its wife.

What does it mean to stand at thirty? Confucius said, "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand up at thirty, not be confused at forty, know my destiny at fifty, listen to my ears at sixty, and do what I want at seventy, without exceeding the rules."

1, "Determined to learn"-When Confucius was 15 years old, he was determined to learn the rites of the Duke of Zhou, that is, he was determined to inherit Chinese culture. 2. "Li"-Confucius was able to think independently at the age of 30 (the ideological system of "benevolence" was basically formed), and he became independent (he began to recruit disciples and gradually formed the Confucian school). Confusion-Confucius has been thinking deeply about various life problems since he was 40 years old. 4. Knowing the destiny-Confucius realized the mission entrusted to him by God from the age of 50. 5. Obedience-Confucius has been able to listen to various viewpoints with an open mind since he was 60 years old and affirm their rationality respectively. Don't overstep the rules "-Confucius has been very cultivated since he was 70 years old, and his thoughts are pure and kind, completely in line with norms and rules. On "Rites": Does Confucius' "Rites" refer to slavery in the previous dynasty? The analysis is as follows:

1, Confucius inherited the "ceremony" of the current dynasty (Zhou Dynasty), that is, the "ceremony of the Duke of Zhou". 2. The Zhou Dynasty includes the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period also belonged to the period of slavery, so if you want to understand the Book of Rites of the Duke of Zhou as the "Book of Rites in the Slavery Age", there is nothing wrong. 3. Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period, which was an era of "improper rites and music", so on the one hand, he inherited the "rites of the Duke of Zhou", on the other hand, he creatively supplemented it with "benevolence", giving new life to the old body of "rites". This is the ideological and cultural preparation for China society to enter the feudal era from the slavery era. 4. Therefore, Kong Zhou's way spread from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms after the Tang Dynasty, and was replaced by the "Confucius-Mencius Way" which began in the Song Dynasty. Since the Song Dynasty, China society has entered a "near ancient" historical stage: commerce began to prosper and citizen culture gradually developed. Gift from Duke Zhou (2) (1)