What's the climate like in Gabon? Is it very hot in summer?

Country name: Gabonese Republic.

Independence Day: August 17 (1960)

National Day: August 17 (1960)

National flag: rectangular, with a length-width ratio of 4: 3. From top to bottom, it consists of three parallel horizontal rectangles: green, yellow and blue. Green symbolizes abundant forest resources, and Gabon is known as "the country of timber" and "the country of green gold". Yellow symbolizes sunshine; Blue symbolizes the ocean.

National emblem: It consists of a huge Aucamus tree, a coat of arms and animals. Aucamus Tree symbolizes the country's rich forest resources. The pattern on the shield consists of three colors of the national flag, and the upper part is three golden circles on the green earth, symbolizing Gabon's rich mineral resources; The second half is a sailboat sailing on the sea, with a national flag, which symbolizes the will of national progress and the importance of maritime activities to the country. There is a panther on each side of the coat of arms. Above the coat of arms, it says "forge ahead with one heart and one mind" in Latin, and below it, it says "unity, diligence and justice" in French.

The total population of Peng is about 165438+ ten thousand. The population density is 4 people per square kilometer. Most of the population is concentrated in coastal plains and around cities, and large forest areas are sparsely populated, with less than 1 person per square kilometer.

There are two major races in Gabon, Pygmies and Bantu.

Pygmies are the earliest inhabitants of Gabon. They were recorded as early as the Pharaoh's time in Egypt, and also mentioned in ancient Greek and horse epics. The male of this race is 1.4- 1.5m in height, while the female is 1.0- 1.3m in height, with short and stout legs, broad chest, flat nose, thin lips, big head, bright eyes and bronzed whole body. They are scattered in the depths of the tropical rain forest in the upper reaches of Ogilvy River. The total number of people is about 3000. Due to the long-term influence of Bantu culture, Pygmies have lost their mother tongue. They speak Bantu languages such as Marca, Kota and Bangjili, maintain animism, practice witchcraft and divination, and are monogamous, mainly engaged in hunting and gathering.

Bantu people have dark skin, curly hair, thick lips and a wide nose. Although they come from other places, they have long been the main residents of Gabon. This nation is spread all over the country and divided into more than 40 tribes. Mainly includes:

Fang nationality, accounting for 3 1% of the national population. Mainly distributed in the north of Ogoway River. Coming from the north, speaking a fragrant language. Most people believe in Catholicism, and some people maintain animism. The chieftain system is implemented within the tribe. Mainly engaged in agriculture, planting corn, cassava, cocoa and coffee, but also engaged in fishing.

The Mpongkui people, who account for about 15% of the national population, live in the coastal plain. In the Middle Ages, he was a subject of the Kingdom of Congo and played an important role in the history of Gabon's national development. Say Mpongkui. Many people can speak Arabic. Most Mpongkui people believe in Catholicism, continue their genealogy and inherit property according to their mother's line, and live by their uncles. Mainly engaged in agriculture and fisheries, but also many people do business in cities.

Mbeit, accounting for 14% of the national population. Mainly distributed in the upper reaches of Ogowe River and its tributaries between Okano River and Livindo River. They speak Nyabi dialect and believe in Catholicism, but some people maintain animism. Organize society according to maternal descent. Mainly engaged in agricultural and forestry development, but also engaged in hunting and fishing.

Punu people account for 22% of the national population. Mainly distributed in the south of the middle reaches of Guowei River. Speak the Nyabi dialect. Many people believe in Catholicism, while others maintain animism. Organize society according to maternal descent. Mainly engaged in agriculture, hunting and fishing.

In addition, there are some small tribes, such as Bangjili, Kota, Chaanji and Maka. Their similarities are: maintaining traditional beliefs; Social life still leaves traces of matriarchal society; Most people are engaged in agriculture, fishing and hunting.

The official language of Gabon is French. The national languages are Arabic, Nyabi and so on.

50% of Gabonese residents believe in Catholicism, 20% believe in Protestantism, 10% believe in Islam, and the rest believe in primitive religions.

The national flag consists of three parallel rectangles of green, yellow and blue from top to bottom. Gabon is called "the country of green gold" or "the country of timber". The green in the national flag symbolizes the forest, the yellow symbolizes the sunshine and the blue symbolizes the ocean.

The national emblem is shield-shaped. The pattern on the shield consists of three national flags: green, yellow and blue. The upper part of the shield is rectangular, and three golden spheres are arranged on the green land, which symbolizes the country's rich mineral resources. The lower part of the shield is a sailboat with a national flag, sailing against the wind and waves in the blue Atlantic Ocean, symbolizing the will of national progress and the importance of maritime activities to the country. On each side of the shield, there is a panther. The front paws of the two leopards support the shield, and the back paws are beneficial to the blue belt and the spreading roots. Behind the coat of arms is a lush yellow Okume tree, which is unique to the local area and symbolizes the country's rich forest resources. Under the canopy above the coat of arms, there is a white ribbon with the words "forge ahead with one heart and one mind" written in black Latin. A blue ribbon under the coat of arms reads "unity, diligence and justice" in yellow French.

The national anthem "Song of Unity", the lyrics are "Dark clouds are shining, the earth is shining, slavery and humiliation are gone forever, and the gloomy dark clouds will be dispelled and March towards a bright road. From now on, we will encourage good and punish evil, and eliminate war ... "

State dignitaries: President Haji Omar Bongo Ondimba, succeeded in June/KOOC-0/967/KOOC-0/KOOC-0/,and in February/KOOC-0/973,/KOOC-0/979,/KOOC-0/996,/.

Physical geography: covers an area of 267,667 square kilometers. Located in the central and western Africa, the equator runs through the middle and the Atlantic Ocean borders the west. It borders Congo (Brazzaville) in the east and south, and Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea in the north. The coastline is 800 kilometers long. The coast is plain, with sand dunes, lagoons and swamps in the south and cliffs facing the sea in the north. The mainland is a plateau with an altitude of 500-800 meters. Mount Ibenji is1575m above sea level, which is the highest point in China. Guo Weihe runs through the whole territory from east to west. It belongs to a typical equatorial rainforest climate, with high temperature and rainy all the year round, and the annual average temperature is 26℃. Gabon is rich in forest resources, accounting for 85% of its land area, and is known as the "green gold country" in Africa. "Green Gold Hometown"-Gabon

Population: 65438+500,000 (2005). Gabon is a multi-ethnic country, with more than 40 tribes belonging to Bantu, mainly Fang (accounting for 3 1% of the national population), Bapunu (accounting for 22%) and more than 3,000 Pygmies. The official language is French. The national languages are Arabic, Maine and Ba Tai Kai. 50% of the residents believe in Catholicism, 20% believe in Protestantism, 10% believe in Islam, and the rest believe in primitive religions.

Capital: Libreville with a population of over 400,000 (1999).

Administrative Districts: The whole country is divided into 9 provinces (Hekou, Ogovi-maritime, Nyanga, Central Ogovi, Haute Ogovi, Ogovi-Lololo, Ogovi-Ivindo, Nguine and Wolle-Entm), which have jurisdiction over 44 states, 8 counties and 65,438+02 cities. Below the state is the village.

Brief history:/kloc-In the 2nd century, Bantu people migrated from eastern Africa to Gabon and established some tribal kingdoms on both sides of Guowei River. /kloc-In the 5th century, the Portuguese first came to the coast of Gabon to sell slaves. /kloc-France gradually invaded in the 0/8th century. From 186 1 to 189 1, the whole territory was occupied by France. 19 10 is classified as one of the four territories of French equatorial Africa. 19 1 1 year, France transferred four territories, including Gabon, to Germany, and Gabon returned to France after World War I. At the beginning of 1957, it became a semi-autonomous Republic. 1958 became an "autonomous * * * republic" within "France * * * isomorphism". 1August, 960 17 declared independence, but still maintained "French * * * status". Gabriel Leon Mba, general secretary of the NLD, was elected as the first president and formed a government at 196 1. 1February, 964, the army staged a coup and France intervened. The coup failed and the Mba returned to power. Mba died on 1967 and was succeeded by Bongo, Vice President. 1In February, 973, Bongo was officially elected President. Gabon has more than 40 tribes, each with its own unique culture. Its charming African dance is rough and unrestrained; The flowing folk songs are loud and exciting, showing the exotic tropical customs.

Politics: The current Constitution was promulgated on March 26th, 199 1. The Constitution stipulates that Gabon implements the separation of powers, and political parties participate in elections in accordance with the principle of multi-party democracy. The president is elected by direct universal suffrage and can be re-elected for one term. The President is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces, and has the power to dissolve Parliament, appoint the Prime Minister and appoint members of the government on the proposal of the Prime Minister, and preside over the Council of Ministers. The President and the Prime Minister share the highest executive power. The Prime Minister is accountable to the President and Parliament. 1In April 1997, a constitutional amendment was adopted to abolish the maximum age limit for presidential candidates; When the post of president is vacant, the president of the Senate or the first deputy speaker will act as the president and organize the presidential election within 30 to 40 days. The person acting for the president cannot participate in the presidential election; The new constitution also provides for the establishment of the post of vice president, who will be appointed and removed by the president, be responsible to the president and complete the tasks designated by the president. During the presidential election or the vacancy of the presidency, the post of vice president will be suspended immediately. The legislative power consists of the National Assembly and the Senate. Its main functions are to make laws, supervise government work and approve foreign wars. Hold regular meetings twice a year. Members of the two houses of parliament are elected by direct universal suffrage and indirect elections for a term of five years and six years respectively.

Economy: It is listed as the only "middle-income" country in French-speaking Africa. After independence, the economy developed rapidly. Petroleum-based extractive industries have developed rapidly, and the processing industry and agricultural foundation are weak. Oil, manganese, uranium and wood were once the four pillars of the economy. Gabon is rich in mineral resources. It is the third largest oil producer in black Africa, and its oil export income accounts for more than 50% of GDP. The proven recoverable oil reserves are about 400 million tons. Manganese ore reserves are 200 million tons, accounting for 25% of the world's reserves, ranking fourth, and it is the third largest producer and exporter in the world. In recent years, the output has stabilized at about 2 million tons, and it is known as the "country of black gold". Uranium has a high grade and reserves of about 36,000 tons, ranking second in Africa. Nb reserves are about 400,000 tons, accounting for 5% of the world's total reserves. Iron ore reserves are between 800 ~1100 million tons, and the grade exceeds 60%. Niobium reserves are about 400,000 tons, accounting for 5% of the world's total reserves. Gabon is also the world's largest producer of manganese dioxide, accounting for 50% of the world's output. Other mineral deposits include phosphate, gold, barite, nickel, chromium and zinc. Gabon is known as the country of forests, with lush and varied forests. The forest area is 22 million hectares, accounting for 85% of the land area, and the log reserve is about 400 million cubic meters, ranking third in Africa. The main tree species are Okumi and Oz fruit, among which Okumi has a stock of 65.438+300 million cubic meters and an annual output of 2.5 million cubic meters, ranking first in the world. Mining is the main economic sector in Gabon. Oil was developed in the early 1960s, and 95% of the oil was exported. Export income accounts for about 465,438+0% of GDP, 80% of total exports and 62% of national fiscal revenue. Industries mainly include petroleum smelting, wood processing and food processing. The development of agriculture and animal husbandry is slow, food, meat, vegetables and eggs are not self-sufficient, and 60% of food needs to be imported. The cultivated land area is less than 2% of the national land area, and the rural population accounts for 27% of the national population. The main agricultural products are cassava, bananas, corn, yam, taro, cocoa, coffee, vegetables, rubber and palm oil. Mainly exporting oil, timber, manganese and uranium; Mainly imported food, light industrial products, machinery and equipment. The main trade targets are France and other western countries.

Press and publication: Tuanjiebao, founded in 1973 and 65438+February, is the most influential newspaper in Gabon. 1990 founded Zhenxing Daily, Izvestia Daily and Cicada Daily successively. Among them, Zhenxing Daily is the organ of the Democratic Party; Izvestia is the organ of the opposition National Union of Loggers. Cicada is a private newspaper, all in French. Gabon News Agency is an official news agency, which was established in June 1966 1 1. Gabon Radio No.1 was built in 1959. It has short-wave and FM transmitters, broadcasts in French, and is a state-run radio station. The second radio station was established in 1973. In addition, there are five private radio stations, including Moyabi Short Wave Radio (one in Africa), Unity Radio, Homesickness Radio and Sun Radio, among which one in Africa was built in 198 1, which is a joint venture with Canada and has great influence in Africa. Gabon TV 1 Station was built in 1963, which belongs to the state and has relay stations in all provinces. Gabon TV 2 covering Libreville was built at 1973. In addition, there are private TV stations, such as Africa TV (TV 3), CCTV (TV 4) and TV Plus.

Diplomacy: pursuing all-round, non-aligned, international cooperation and good-neighborly and friendly policies. Advocate diplomatic modernization to meet the needs of trade globalization and the rapid development of economy, science and technology and information; Advocate the development of South-South cooperation, carry out North-South dialogue and establish a new international economic order; Oppose any country to dominate the world, advocate equality among countries, safeguard national independence and sovereignty, and oppose interference in other countries' internal affairs; Emphasize good-neighborly friendship and African unity; Advocate the principle of "dialogue, tolerance and peace" in handling international relations; We advocate solving world and regional conflicts through dialogue, reconciliation, consultation and non-violence.

Relations with China:1On April 20th, 974, Gabon established diplomatic relations with China. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, relations between the two countries have developed smoothly. Gabonese President Bongo has visited China eight times. Canadian leaders have also visited China many times. In February 2004, President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to Gabon and made three suggestions on China-Canada relations. The two countries issued a joint communique. In September 2004, President Bongo paid a state visit to China. On June 9th, 2003, the foundation stone laying ceremony of the Gabonese Senate Building aided by China was held in Libreville. In 2003, the trade volume between China and Canada was US$ 309 million. Relations between China and Gabon are booming. Jean Ping, the current deputy prime minister and foreign minister of Gabon, is from Wenzhou, Zhejiang. His father is Cheng Zhiping, an overseas Chinese surnamed Wen.