What are the customs and legends of the Yi people?

Yi people's left foot dance has a history of 1000 years, and the March Festival has a history of nearly 400 years. As early as the forty-first year of Kangxi (65,438+0,702), there was the earliest written record of left foot dance.

Legend has it that a long time ago, there was a dragon in the world, making waves and causing floods. Ali and Aro, two young Yi people, bravely stood up and subdued the dragon.

Ali and the Yi people led by Aro fought against the dragon together. Seeing that the dragon was in a bad situation, they quickly fled back to Longtan. People seize the opportunity to pour the burnt chestnut charcoal into the pond, then lift stones, dig soil and put it in the Longtan.

Fill it in. I was afraid that the dragon would not turn over, so I lit a bonfire on it and stamped my feet while singing. After three days and nights, the dragon finally died. In order to celebrate the victory, the Yi people made Qin Yue out of the dragon's head, skin, bones and tendons and got together.

Play the piano by jumping on your toes, and sing "Ariro" with your left foot as a souvenir.

In Lv Zhi Town, where the Yi people live in concentrated communities, such as Lala and Longgeli, for hundreds of years, people have been married on the 16th day of the first lunar month and on the 27th, 28th and 29th of March.

Female, when the sun goes down, Yi and other ethnic groups from far and near come uninvited, playing the leading black boy, men and women singing or chorus with their left feet, hand in hand, shoulder to shoulder, forming a large circle of dozens or even hundreds of people.

Turn around and dance with your left foot. Accompanied by clanking chords and high-pitched and clear songs, they sometimes stumble, sometimes stumble, sometimes lift their legs, sometimes shake their hands and turn around, and their dance steps are uniform and light and powerful.

There are many kinds of left-footed dances, but they are basically bold. The first category is hospitality, such as: "Come if you like, come if you don't like, whether you like it or not."

Come ... "; The second category is to praise the good life, such as "March is going to March, is it fun?" Playing black boy and jumping in the air, selling cans and reeds, Ariro Ariro Ariro ... "; The third category is singing a bumper harvest,

For example, "The moon came out and Black Boy adjusted. The moon is round and smiling. Let's jump together and sing the harvest year ... "; The fourth category is to praise love, such as "the most important thing is to have a meeting in March, and not be tired for three days." not come

If you can't come, don't keep A-mei waiting ... "。

On March 27th, 28th and 29th, people in various Yi areas of Lv Zhi Town will organize large-scale left-foot dance activities. At that time, Yi men and women wearing bright Yi costumes were everywhere, and Qin Yue's tunes could be heard everywhere. Regardless of nationality, everyone held hands and danced and reveled all night.

2 "Girls' Room"

Marriage between men and women in the Yi nationality: "Girls' room" is a unique custom of the Yi nationality in Chuxiong. When the girl reached the age of 16, her parents built a small hut and let her live alone.

At night, young men over the age of 20 can climb the hut of their beloved girl and fall in love at night. They whistle together, listen and tell each other their love. Even if there are several young men and women at the same time, there are none.

Once love is mature, both men and women can get married with their parents' consent, and parents generally do not interfere with their children's choices.

The wedding of Yi people in Xiaoliangshan, Yunnan is quite distinctive. When getting married, the man should prepare a horse and bring gifts such as wine, cloth, meat and noodles to meet the bride. Girls in daughter village can use it.

Try to splash water on wedding guests and catch them. All the people who send the bride are men, and the bride can't enter the door until the sun goes down. Before entering the door, a man held a wooden bowl with mutton, a handle and wine in it.

The bride wears a ring on her head to show that she is rich after marriage. Then the bride was carried into the house by her cousin.

3 "jumping vegetables"

Yi people's song and dance meal: "jumping vegetables", that is, dancing and serving food. It is the unique serving form and the highest etiquette for banquets of Yi people in Wuliangshan and Ailaoshan in Yunnan, and it is a long-standing traditional food culture that combines dance, music and acrobatics perfectly.

When entertaining guests, the square table is generally placed along two lines, and the guests sit around three parties, leaving a "food jumping" channel in the middle. Three big gongs kicked off the "jumping vegetables": big gongs and reeds.

Sheng, Sanxian, stuffy flute, leaves and other folk music play together; In the shouts of "woo-woo-woo-woo-woo-woo" from girls and boys, I saw the Yi man with his hands arched on the tray, his steps rising and falling, his steps rushing and slowing, and the other man's head was double.

Hold a dish in each arm (***24 bowls), and then enter. They joined the simple and pure folk music concerto, made funny faces and danced back and forth with relaxed, beautiful and smooth steps, one after another.

Field. Two partners dancing with towels are acting strangely, just like butterflies playing with flowers, rushing forward and rushing back, hugging left and right, escorting them.

A pair of dish holders will serve four tables, and their partners will arrange 32 bowls of dishes in a back-to-palace eight diagrams array, each bowl of dishes is like a "chess piece". Have their own positioning, everything according to the ancient rules under the table one by one, not disorderly.

Patriarchal family system prevails in Yi people all over the country, and young children often live with their parents. Women's status is low. The inheritance is divided equally among scholars, and unique businesses are generally owned by close relatives. Yi history

Father's and son's names prevailed in the world, and this custom continued in Liangshan Yi until the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). Monogamy is the basic marriage system of Yi people. Marrying a daughter-in-law requires a higher bride price, and the more table marriage becomes more popular, the husband dies and transfers ownership. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Some Yi areas in Yunnan still maintain the public housing system, and Liangshan Yi people maintain a strict hierarchical internal marriage. In history, most Yi people practiced cremation. Before the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the residents of Liangshan and Yunnan along the Jinsha River still had this burial custom. Other regions since

Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, it has gradually changed to burial.

4 hospitality customs

Folk people have the habit of "beating sheep" and "beating cattle" to welcome guests. Where there are guests, we must kill them first. According to the identity and closeness of the guests, they are cows, sheep, pigs and chickens.

Be kind to each other. Before killing animals, bring live animals to guests, ask them to have a look, and then kill them to show respect. Wine is a welcome gift for guests. In Liangshan, as long as a guest enters the house, the host must first toast the guest with wine and then cook various dishes.

All kinds of dishes. The fat pig is the most decent meal for the guests. In the middle of eating, housewives should always pay attention to the food in the guest's bowl, and replenish what they can't finish at any time to show their sincerity in hospitality. When eating, the elders sit on it and the younger ones sit on it.

Sitting on both sides and below in turn, adding rice, vegetables and water to the elders.

5 the custom of baking tea on a blind date

Baked tea is a daily necessity for ethnic minorities in the alpine valleys of China. Because of the cold and dry climate and the lack of vegetables, we often supplement the nutritional deficiency by drinking rich hot tea. The so-called "tea must be drunk three times a day". Roasted tea is diverse, salty, sweet, bitter and spicy, full of life flavor. It is not only the source of energy for hard work, but also the spiritual thing to entertain guests in festivals.

It is said that in the local area, if you can't learn the skill of baking tea and can't bake good tea at your aunt's house, your father-in-law will think that you are incompetent and won't marry your girl. So local boys will learn to bake tea when they are fifteen or sixteen, and they all have their own unique skills in baking tea.

There is also a story among the Yi people that Bailing takes tea seeds from Baizhang Cliff in Wuliangshan to treat all diseases for people. In order to commemorate Lingbi, when guests drink tea, boys and girls always imitate Lingbi to dance, and every time they paste rice and fragrant teas, pots and pans are also related to Bailing.

6 marriage customs

After the young men and women are engaged, they should make preparations for the wedding reception. Pigs and chickens are often used at wedding banquets, but mutton is generally not used (mutton is used for funerals). The Shiping Yi people in southern Yunnan have the habit of inviting men and women to eat and drink before marriage. Yi people in western Yunnan, who have married their daughters, want to build a shed with branches in the yard or on the dam for guests to drink, smoke, eat and sit around. People call this temporary shed made of branches a "green shed".

Marriage and love of Yi people are strange and interesting. The most interesting thing is that girls who have held the "dressing ceremony" can have sex with their sweetheart in the "theater", and there are traditional wedding customs such as the matchmaker saying that they are friendly to drink and engage in betrothal, starving the bride, crying all night, splashing water on the guests attending the wedding, robbing the bride and fighting in the bridal chamber.

7 girls change nepotism

When Yi girls come of age (usually 15 years old), they will hold a grand "dressing ceremony" according to the custom. At the dressing ceremony, the girl asked her sisters to put her original braid.

I changed my hair into a pair of braids and put them on my head. It is also necessary to tear off the original white pendant or old earring line and replace it with coral beads or silver earrings such as red agate to show good luck. Finally, the girl took off her original red and white colors.

Children's skirts, embroidered tops and colorful pleated dresses in black, blue, yellow and white. After wearing the new skirt, the girl can go to the "playground" to dance and sing, participate in social activities and start looking for her sweetheart.

8 Bei bride

According to Yi custom, when the bride leaves the house, her feet can't touch the ground, otherwise there is a danger that her children are not sweet. The young man who takes care of the bride must carry her and help her get on the horse. There are also various rules on the way home: if the mountain is too high and the road is too narrow to ride a horse, the young man who takes care of the bride must take turns carrying the bride; Crossing the river and wading, it is even more necessary for people to carry water across the river. The bride's embroidered shoes must not get wet.

9 splash water to see relatives

Yi people believe that clear water can drive away evil spirits and bring happiness. Therefore, Yi people must splash water when they get married. In order to withstand this test, when a wedding is held, the man's family sends an unmarried partner to pick up the wedding, which is not only

To be strong and smart, you can not only cope with the cold of splashing water, but also complete the arduous task of "grabbing" the bride. You often review the candidates repeatedly and choose the best one. Some people travel long distances to choose the good ones.

Only.

The wedding ceremony of the Yi people was completed by "grabbing". On the first night of "robbing the bride", the girls launched a fierce water war against the young man. Girls use splash, shower,

Pouring, patting and other means have violently attacked the young man, making it difficult for the young man who came to "grab relatives" to parry. So, the clever young man found a place to store water before dark, and quietly poured part of it to alleviate the "flood"

Attack.

After pouring water all night, it was dawn and "robbing relatives" began. At this time, girls hug the bride, boys go to the "competition", and girls guard against it.

Well, the young man must be smart and changeable. He took advantage of the moment to grab the bride and run, and ran directly out of the Yierli Mountain Road before walking. It can be seen that it is not easy to "grab" the bride to her husband's house! But the Yi people think that weddings

This kind of splashing water will drive away evil spirits and ensure that life will not be disturbed in the future.

Fighting in 10 bridal chamber

According to the custom of the Yi people, if the bride doesn't resist and struggle on her wedding night, she will be laughed at: "This is a woman who can't resist!" "It is said that the children they gave birth to in the future, face.

I won't admit it first, but I can't enter the "underworld" after death! So the banquet guests dispersed, and a couple in the bridal chamber still fought. They fell and beat, tearing their clothes and scratching their faces, and there was a banging sound in the bridal chamber.

All the neighbors heard it.

The next morning, the groom led the bride to recognize her parents. In the afternoon, the groom made an appointment with his partner and followed the bride back to her parents' home to recognize her in-laws. If the young man accompanying him is a naughty boy, when he arrives at the bride's house, the young man will go in first, call his parents first, and then the groom will call him, so that the bride's parents can't tell which is their son-in-law.