Types of Jupiter Temple

Most of the knowledge about the first temple of Jupiter comes from Roman legends. It is said that it was completed in September 13 BC (the year when Rome was founded) and dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. Lucius Tarquini, Julius Prescus came to the temple to take the oath when he was fighting Sabin, which seems to indicate that there is a certain foundation, but most of the work was done by Lucius Tarquini, Julius Super Bass.

Legend also mentioned that there were other shrines in this place before the temple was built. When fortune-tellers held a ceremony to seek permission to move the idol, it was thought that only the patron saint Titus and the goddess of youth Juventus refused to move, so their holy places were incorporated into the new building. Because Tesm is the patron saint, his refusal to move is interpreted as a good omen for Rome's future national luck.

The original temple was measured to be about 60 x 60 meters, which was the most important religious building in Rome. The three gods have their own halls, Juno on the left, Minerva on the right and Jupiter in the middle. The temple is decorated with many songkhla sculptures, the most famous of which is Jupiter driving a four-horse chariot, which is placed at the top of the triangular wall. This sculpture, as well as the statue of Jupiter in the main inner hall, is said to be the work of the beloved Etruscan craftsman Forca. The second temple was burnt down in the battle between Wei Ba Mi and the emperor who entered the city in 69 AD. Emperors Vipamil, Titus and Titus Flavius Domitianus rebuilt the temple. According to ancient literature, Titus Flavius Domitianus used at least12,000 talents of gold to gild copper roof tiles. In order to keep the original version, complex sculpture substitutes decorate the triangular wall. A Renaissance painting collected by the Louvre shows that at the highest point of the triangular wall are a four-horse chariot and a two-horse chariot. Two statues serve as the central column feet, and there are statues of Mars and Venus on the eaves.

On the triangular wall, on both sides of Jupiter are Juno and Minerva, sitting on the throne, with eagles spreading their wings below. On both sides of them are the sun god and the moon driving a two-wheeled chariot.

For more than 400 years, the temples completed in Titus Flavius Domitianus remained basically intact until they were looted in the 5th century.