Creation myth story

The creation myth of heaven and earth can be roughly divided into three categories: God created heaven and earth, giants transformed everything, and naturally evolved to form the world.

Shenchuang world

The image and title of this creator god are different. Yao, the god who created heaven and earth and mankind, is called Maitreya. Myth describes that she made heaven with her master's rain hat, made four pillars with her master's two hands and feet, supported the four corners of the sky, and supported the middle with her big pillar, thus creating heaven and earth. In the creation myth of Yi people, there are four creators: starling, Dianni, Zhige Aru and Jiezhi Jialu. Mainly Danny. He opened the eastern sky with a copper pillar, and the sun rose in the east. He knocked on the western heaven and earth with a second copper pillar, resisting the western sky, and the sun set in the west at night. Then knock on the north and south heavens and the earth with copper pillars to separate them and create them. White myth, two gods created the world, they used weaving, one weaving the sky and the other weaving the ground. The sky is smaller and the ground is bigger. When it was closed, the ground had to shrink. As a result, the ground is wrinkled and uneven.

Great metaplasia

For example, the myth of Pangu of the Han nationality describes that Pangu grows thicker as the sky rises and grows infinitely taller in a chaotic world. Finally, his eyes, hair, limbs and blood vessels became the sun, moon and stars, mountains and rivers, vegetation and rivers respectively. Another example is the Achang myth "Shepama and Shemima", which tells the story of these two gods. Their breasts became Sun Mountain and Taiyin Mountain, their throats were taken off as shuttles, and their hair was torn off to weave the earth. The blood spilled on their faces turned into the sea, and the goddess lifted the earth with her body. Some of this metaplasia myth also describes that everything in the world was born by a man of God. In the book Nizhi Xiajin, the giant who created everything, tree species, Artemisia branches, wild grapes, morning glory, weeds, ferns, apes, humans, camels, bears, dogs, frogs and birds were all born by Nizhi Xiajin.

Natural evolution

It tells the process of the natural formation of heaven and earth in imagination, which is neither the creator's creation nor the giant's metaplasia, but the natural evolution. For example, Buluotuo, a myth of Zhuang nationality, told his sister that heaven and earth were originally a rotating atmosphere, but later it became a three-yellow egg, which exploded into three pieces, one of which rose to the sky, one sank into the ocean, and the other remained in the middle, becoming the land where human beings lived. The Naxi creation myth "Man Zu Lian" describes the emergence of the land reclamation god as natural evolution. In this myth, nine gods opened heaven and seven gods opened the earth. They were born from the white light in a mass of green gas in chaos, turned into beautiful sounds, and then turned into true gods from sounds, laid white eggs and hatched white chickens. These land reclamation myths are preserved in the creation epics and ancient songs of ethnic minorities, such as Genesis of Naxi nationality. There are many thoughts about the creation of the Bai nationality and the founding of the Ahi nationality, which are often more systematic and complete after finishing and processing by wizards and historical poets.

In the myth of creation, the content of explaining the origin of human beings and the origin of nations are often combined, and the origin of nations and human beings is considered to be simultaneous. The creation process recorded in Meige, a myth and legend handed down orally by the Yi people to this day. Brother and sister got married, gave birth to strange gourds, and eight kinds of people appeared, which explained the origin of eight nationalities; Bai's Genesis of Heaven and Earth tells that after the brother and sister got married, they gave birth to ten children and ten grandchildren, each with a surname, which indicates the beginning of "Shu Ren" and the development of the creator in the later period. As for Tailan (Volume 78), which is quoted from Customs, it is a post-concept to say that the loess people were rich first and then poor and mediocre. It has a class color.

China Pangu

The story of Pangu is the most famous creation myth in ancient times: Pangu Kaitian is a typical egg-laying myth, which holds that the universe was born from an egg. This view is common among primitive people all over the world. Oviposition is a common life phenomenon. Our ancestors imagined that the universe was born from the shell. The myth of spawning in the universe has a great influence on China's concept of Yin and Yang Taiji. At the same time, the process of personification and volition of the universe also reflects the firm belief of our ancestors in human strength. [ 1]

Pangu not only separated heaven and earth, but also created everything between them. Another myth says that after his death, his breath turned into clouds, his voice into thunder, his eyes into the sun and the moon, his limbs into mountains, his blood into rivers, his hair into stars and his fur into vegetation.

This world view of "dying incarnation" is a metaphor for the corresponding relationship between man and nature. In ancient China, there were many myths about the universe. For example, Shun Di's wife gave birth to ten suns, and the wife of Emperor often gave birth to twelve moons. The physical behavior of God Candle dragon recorded in Shan Hai Jing directly triggered natural phenomena such as day and night, four seasons and so on. All these show the spirit of our ancestors to actively explore natural phenomena such as the universe.

The story about "Pangu opened the heavens and the earth" in Xú Zhēng's "May 35 Calendar" quoted in Volume II of "Taiping Magnolia" is as follows:

The world is a mess, and Pangu was born in it. Eight thousand years old, heaven and earth open, sunny for the sky, cloudy for the ground. Pangu is among them, changing nine times a day. God is in heaven and saint is on earth. The sky is ten feet high, the earth is ten feet thick and Pangu is ten feet long. So in 8,000 years, the days were extremely high, the land was extremely deep, and Pangu was extremely long ... So the days passed in Wan Li. [2]

The general idea of this myth is:

In ancient times, heaven and earth were chaotic, forming a ball, like a big egg, in which Pangu grew. After 18,000 years, heaven and earth parted, and the light and clear things belonging to "Yang" rose to the sky, while the heavy and turbid things belonging to "Yin" fell to the ground. In the middle of heaven and earth, Pangu changed many times a day, and his wisdom surpassed that of heaven and his ability surpassed that of the earth. The sky is ten feet high, the earth is ten feet thick, and Pangu's body stretches ten feet every day. In this way, another 18,000 years passed, and the height of the sky was extremely high, the depth of the earth was extremely deep, and Pangu was extremely long ... So the distance between heaven and earth was nine Wan Li.

Later, the Ming people traveled around in the first time of the Opening Romance, Pangu Begins the Creation, and further completed the story of the creation: Pangu stretched out, the sky gradually rose, and the ground fell. And heaven and earth are even more connected, holding a chisel in the left hand and an axe in the right hand, or chopping or chiseling with an axe, which is a kind of divine power. For a long time, the heavens and the earth are divided, and the two gases rise and fall. Clear is the sky, muddy is the ground. Since then, there have been mixed opinions. This story shows the magnificent scene of "labor creates the world", which enriches the myth of processing and entrepreneurship recorded by Xú Zhēng.

In addition to the May 3rd Calendar, Xú Zhēng also wrote the May 5th Sports Calendar, which quoted a valuable passage from Ma Xun's Deduction History in the Qing Dynasty as follows:

Born Pangu, dying incarnation. Qi becomes the wind and cloud, and the sound is thunder; The left eye is the sun, the right eye is the moon, the five limbs are the four poles and five mountains, the blood is the river, the tendons are the ground, the skin is the soil, the hair is the stars, the hair is the vegetation, the teeth are the stones, the essence is the pearls and jade, the sweat is the rain, and the insects in the body are Li Wei due to weathering. [3]

The general idea of this myth is:

Pangu, born in heaven and earth, suddenly changed greatly when he was about to die. His breath turned into wind and rain, and his voice turned into thunder. His left eye turned into the sun, his right eye into the moon, his limbs into the four poles of the earth and famous mountains and rivers, his blood into rivers, his veins into mountains and rivers, his skin into fields, his hair and moustache into stars in the sky, his hair on his skin into grass and trees, and his teeth and bones into minerals and rocks.

This is based on "Pangu's creation of the world", and then leads to the causes of mountains, rivers, fields, sun, moon and stars, rain, showers, stones, pearls and jade-all of which are transformed from a certain part of Pangu's body, and even human beings are evolved from insects on Pangu.

The myth of Pangu's creation, although circulated late and processed by scholars many times, is based on the ancient myths in the south, and its style is relatively primitive. Moreover, its verve and imagination make it well-deserved to ascend the throne of China's myth creation, occupying a lofty position in the whole myth system of China.

Closely connected with the "pioneering myth" is the myth of human origin. In ancient China, there were many myths and legends about the origin of human beings. For example, in the May Movement Calendar, insects on Pangu changed the origin of human beings. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio says that "Pangu and his wife started from Yin and Yang" and describes Pangu, the founder of heaven and earth, and his wife as the ancestors of human beings. In addition, there is the saying that "the gods created", and so on.

Jewish god

Since the Bible begins with the creation of heaven and earth by God, Moses' first book was also named Genesis. Almost all religions try to create one or several gods to explain the birth of the world. This God in the Bible is the only true God in Israel, Jehovah. He changed the primitive chaos of heaven and earth, rectified it and created heaven and earth.

The opening verse 2 of the Bible says that "the earth is empty and chaotic". Hebrew texts are "tohu" and "bohu". In our daily language [1], we still use "Tohuwabohu" to describe a chaotic situation. God created an orderly world from chaos and its negative characteristics (the language picture conveyed by Deep Darkness is also negative). The God of Creation in the Bible created light and began the first step to eliminate chaos. Genesis 1 wrote in section 4: "God separated light from darkness". Thus, light becomes a part of God's creation. On the contrary, the night without light does not belong to it. Light-like all other creations of the creator-appeared at the command of God: "God said,' Let there be light', and there was light".

After the light appeared, God separated the water on the ground from the water in the sky and created the sky, thus completing the creation of the next day. This description draws lessons from the ancient people's understanding of the world. They think that a semi-circular sphere on land blocks the water. The story of Genesis in the Bible is based on the imagination of celestial bodies in the whole ancient East. Locals believe that there is a dome above the land, and the raw water separates the upper water from the lower water.

On the third day, God gathered all the water in the world in a place called the ocean, exposing the dry land. There are all kinds of plants growing there. On the fourth day, God made two light bodies in the sky, the big one controls the day and the small one controls the night. God created the stars again. In this respect, the biblical Genesis story is different from the legends of neighboring countries. Most other religions worship the sun and the moon as gods, and even dare not call them by their first names. Here they only have simple lighting function, and of course they can distinguish seasons.

On the fifth day, God created another order: fish in the sea and birds in the sky. On the sixth day, God finally created life on the earth: livestock, insects and animals on the ground. As before, God saw that everything was fine.

Based on the cognition at that time, the Bible painted a picture of the world before the birth of science. Behind this lies the belief of people at that time: in the eyes of these people who have the humanistic spirit of observing, examining and explaining, the world is not the accidental result of the struggle between God and God, but the only and supreme God carefully planned, with people as the core. Genesis clearly and methodically lists the emergence of all things in the world until the birth of mankind. There is only one God with supreme power. The world is entirely created by him and only related to him. Animals and plants appeared, and the perfect order and the elimination of chaos were only the core of Genesis: human beings. But this is another story.

Japan shuangzun

Louis Nozun and Louis Ranzun have been living in Gaotianyuan since their birth, but Gaotianyuan is too quiet and detached, and they often feel quite bored. One day, Louis Nozun and Louis Ranzun strolled onto the overpass. On this day, the pontoon bridge spans between the sky and the sea, with a misty paradise above and an endless sea below. Walking, Er Shen had a whim and said, "Why don't we create a paradise of our own in this rough sea?" To start, Louis Nozun and Louis Ran Zun held spears inlaid with precious stones together, Qi Xin Qi Xin plunged into the sea together, and then plunged into the sea with a jerk. Passing 18-wheeler, I saw a huge water column rising into the sky, and then miraculously poured down, and the sediments in the seawater slowly condensed and accumulated. In an instant, an island stands in the vast sea, which is the island of silt chess. Louis Nozun and Louis Ranzun jumped from the overpass to the Yuneng Qilu Island and looked at everything in front of them excitedly. In order to commemorate this sacred creation, they erected a cylindrical boulder on the island and named it "Paradise Empire Column".

Ershen couldn't hide his ecstasy. They sang, danced and hugged each other tightly. Suddenly, the two hugging bodies separated. There is a silent silence between heaven and earth again. On the isolated island, Louis Nozun and Louis Ranzun just stood and stared at each other for a long time. Their eyes are burning with passion, and their chests are churning with uncontrollable desires. It's like seeing the graceful figure of Yilan for the first time. This seems to be the first time that Louis Ranzun has seen Louis Nozun's male and powerful body.

Louis Nozun can no longer be silent. He asked the affectionate Yi Ranzun, "My dear sister, how did your graceful princess grow up?" Louis replied shyly, "My dear brother, my beauty is innate, and this is God's will." Although my body is so beautiful, I still have some regrets: I don't know why, there is a recess in my symmetrical and harmonious body that will never heal. ""Louis jean valjean! Don't you find that there is such a prominent part on my strong trunk? Before, I was ashamed, depressed and confused about it. Today, I finally understand that the shape God created for us is wonderful and interesting. Isn't it a sacred and precise arrangement to insert my convex things into your concave parts? " Louis Nozun said devoutly.

Yi Ranzun nodded and said, "This is really a good idea." At the moment when they met in Er Shen, Louis Ranzun, who was already burning with desire, could no longer restrain his strong impulse and shouted, "Louis Nozun, you are really a heroic hero!" Already in full swing of sexual desire, also let enoch like a galloping horse, running to each other. He just shouted, "Oh, my dear sister, you are an extraordinary woman!" " "So, under the towering" Emperor Tianzhu ",the vigorous and powerful protrusion of Yilan Nuozun was inserted into the soft recess of Yilan Ranzun. That's how they get together.

Soon, Yi Ranzun went into labor and gave birth to twins. The first child is a leech, with hypoplasia and congenital cartilage. The second child is not satisfactory either. Ershen called it an "island", which means unhappy and dissatisfied. Looking at these two fetuses, Louis Nozun and Louis Ranzun are in a very bad mood. They don't understand why such a sacred act can produce such disgusting retribution. Why didn't such a wonderful combination get the same wonderful result? Finally, Er Shen had to put leeches into a reed boat, throw them into the sea and let them drift. The island was abandoned as if the child had never been born. This matter has been bothering Ilenozun and Ilenozun for a long time. When Er Shen calms down, we'll discuss it together and find out why. Finally, they decided to use divination to pray for revelation from heaven. God instructed: "Your piety and grand ceremony are beyond reproach. It's just that when we meet, women speak first, which becomes taboo! Remember this lesson and do it again. " From then on, Quan Yezun and Quan Ranzun firmly remembered this maxim: Whenever, men give priority, no matter what occasion, men should take the initiative and women should be passive!

In this way, Er Shen walked around the "Emperor Tianzhu" again. When they met, Quan Yezun first said, "Smart and beautiful Quan Ranzun, come and be my wife!" Ilan Ranzun replied: "Great and brave Ilan Nozun, only you deserve to be my husband!" " "So Ershen coitus again, completed a sacred mission. After a while, Quan Ranzun gave birth to eight very satisfied children, all of whom later became Japanese territory. Their names are: Toyo Tsuju, Japan, which means God Bless Yamato, which is today's Nara Prefecture; The second island in Iraq is today's Shikoku Island; Zhuzizhou is Fukuoka Prefecture today; Yinqi Island and Zhenzi Island are places where twin gods evolved (some couples in later generations gave birth to twin children, which is the origin). Yinqi Island now belongs to Shimane Prefecture, and Zhenzi Island now belongs to Niigata Prefecture in western Japan. Yuezhou, the western part of Japan today; Island, which is now the Five Dynasties Island in Yamaguchi Prefecture; Jibei Zizhou is the Kojima Peninsula in Okayama Prefecture. These places are collectively called Daba Prefecture, so ancient Japan was also called Daba Prefecture. They are the birthplaces of Lu Yi Nozun and Lu Yi Ranzun.

Three pillars of Egypt

There are three versions of the creation myth of ancient Egyptian mythology: Helio Bohris theology, Hermes theology and Memphis theology.

Theology of Helio Pokhris;

Egypt's oldest creationism appeared in the famous Sun City Helio Bohris, which Egyptians called Aunola Nu. This is one of the most important holy places in Egypt, and it is also the holy place of the highest god in the ancient kingdom.

The focus of Herio Bohris' theology on creationism is to advocate that Amon Raamon Ra is the beginning and creator of all things. That the sun is the highest expression of all things.

The place of creation appeared on Archean hill, a sand dune in primitive chaotic water (the Egyptians imitated this Archean hill and made the prototype of the pyramid-Mastaba), and some people said that Amungla was born in a lotus flower in primitive water.

The key point of Heliopolis's creation lies in the birth of Enid, the "Nine Gods".

Hermes theology:

Located in Upper Egypt, 15, Hermopoulos is the holy city of Tutankhamun, and its creation myth is highly imitative, largely adopting Heliopolis's creation motif and adopting a similar process, but it is obvious that the birth of the sun is put last in Hermopoulos theology. Maybe this is to compete with Heliopolis's theology department. But limited by the thought at that time, we still have to regard the sun as the main object of expression.

The key point of Hermes' creation lies in the birth of Ogdoade, the "Ba Shen Group". [4]

Memphis theology:

In Memphis theology, all creations are regarded as the contribution of the same god, that is, the independent creation of Puta, perhaps just to highlight the importance of Puta.

Memphis theology, which is completely different from the first two, has three important motifs (the creation of Puta, the struggle between Horus and Seth, and the resurrection of Osiris by Isis), which is also of great significance to the myth of Osiris, the keeper of hades.

The above three kinds of theology influence and absorb each other, thus forming the most important part of Egyptian mythology, which shows the original world outlook and religious view of ancient Egyptians.

Greek gods

There are three main sources of ancient Greek mythology: 1, the myth of the ancient piraqi people. 2. Olympism. 3. Oedipus religion. Myth 1: Singing, Goddess (Muse). Sing how the universe was formed and sing the glory of Euronome! Come on, let's start from the beginning: the beginning is a chaotic ocean. Suddenly the great goddess Euronome was born out of chaos (the sea of chaos). But there is no place around her. So the goddess divided the sky and the ocean with her fingers. Euronome descended, stood on the rough waves and looked around. After a while, she began to dance to the south, and the south wind Notus blew around her. The place where the goddess passed created countless new things.

Suddenly, the goddess quickly reversed the north. She grabbed boreas from the north wind, rubbed wildly and danced. Under the crazy dance of the goddess, it became bigger and warmer, and the goddess created the serpent Orpheme. Orfin twisted to Eurynome, hugged the goddess and made love to her. After that, Eurynome became a pigeon, built a nest on the ocean, and laid a cosmic egg. At the command of the goddess, Orfin coiled the cosmic egg seven times in seven days. With a loud bang, the cosmic eggs finally hatched from the universe and formed the world in the waves.

The great goddesses Oronomy and Orphan lived on the sacred Mount Olympus and became the masters of this new world. But the serpent Onan became more and more hateful, and one day he arrogantly claimed that he created the universe and was the creator. Thus annoyed the great goddess Eurynome. So the goddess kicked him on the head and drove him into the abyss. Orphen's tooth fell into the soil of Ackell, and he was born in Pislachi (the ancestor of the ancient Greek aborigines). Then the goddess created seven glories, which enabled seven pairs of Titan gods to exert their strength. An orderly world was formed ... Countless years later, Rhea and Cronus drove away the great goddess Eurynome and became the master of the sacred mountain of Olympus and the ruler of the world.

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