The teacher said that he collected Mr. Yu's Changli.

? Tang Hanyu's Collected Works of Mr. Changli

original text

Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teachers, so preach, teach, and solve doubts.

People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand.

Before I was born, I heard Tao, so I learned from it. After I was born, I learned Tao, and I learned from Tao first.

I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.

Ha ha! Teachers' teaching has been handed down for a long time, so it's hard not to be confused.

The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers.

So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid?

Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused!

The boy's teacher, who teaches and studies books, is not the kind of person who I call.

I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know.

Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers are not ashamed to learn from each other.

The family members of the literati, called Master and Apprentice Cloud, gathered and laughed.

When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. His humble position is full of shame, and his official position is close to admiration. "

Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone.

Witch doctors, musicians and skilled workers all look down on a gentleman, but today their wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!

Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan.

Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius.

Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." . So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.

Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu.

Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.

Modern translation

In ancient times, people who studied and asked questions must have teachers. The so-called teacher is a person who relies on him to impart truth, teach knowledge (explain professional knowledge), and answer and explain difficult problems.

People are not born with knowledge and understanding. Who can be without puzzled questions? If you have an incomprehensible problem, but you don't learn from the teacher or ask the teacher for advice, this incomprehensible problem will never be understood and can never be solved.

People born before me and older than me know the truth before me, so I should learn from him. People born later than me and younger than me should learn from them if they understand the truth earlier than me.

I study truth (I learn truth from him), so who cares if he was born earlier or later than me? So, don't care about status, don't care about age, whoever has the "Tao" (knows the truth) is my teacher.

Alas, this ancient fashion of learning from teachers has been out of circulation for a long time, and it is really difficult for people to realize this problem!

Ancient saints were far superior to ordinary people, but they still asked their teachers for advice. Nowadays, ordinary people are far less qualified and wise than saints, but they are ashamed to learn from teachers.

Because of this, saints are wiser and fools are more ignorant.

This is probably the reason why saints can become saints and fools finally become fools!

People love their children, so they choose and hire good teachers to teach them, but what about themselves? I am ashamed to learn from the teacher, but I am ashamed to learn from the teacher. What a fool!

Those children's first teachers are teachers who teach children the contents of books, teach them and let them learn to read in sentences. They are not the kind of teachers who can teach self-cultivation, keep the family in order, govern the country, level the sages in the world and answer difficult questions.

If you don't understand the sentences in the book, you should learn from the teacher. People who can't solve the problem (cultivate one's morality, keep the family in order, govern the country and level the world) don't learn from the teacher, but don't learn from the teacher; Want to learn from small aspects, but give up learning from big aspects: I really don't see that such people are reasonable.

Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other and technology from teachers. Scholar-officials and the like, when they hear someone calling them "teachers" and "disciples", gather together to laugh.

Asked why they laughed, they said, "someone is about the same age as someone, and their moral knowledge is similar!" " It's a shame to take people with low status as teachers; Treating a person with a high official position as a teacher is similar to flattery. I'm flattered! "

Alas! From these words, we can understand that the good fashion of learning from teachers in ancient times (teaching methods) cannot be restored.

Witch doctors (ancient witch doctors are not divided. Witches are superstitious activities such as prayer and divination, and also use drugs to treat people. Musicians and craftsmen look down on them, and people in positions disdain to associate with them. It's strange that a gentleman is not as wise as he is now!

A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius once took Zanzi (the ruler of Tan Guo in the Spring and Autumn Period, to whom Confucius once asked for the title of official position), Changhong (Zhou, to whom Confucius asked for music), Shi Xiang (to whom Confucius learned the piano in the Spring and Autumn Period), and Lao Zi (to whom Confucius once asked for music) as his teachers.

These people, such as Zanzi, are not as virtuous as Confucius. Confucius said, "When three people walk together, one of them can be my teacher."

So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily better than students. They understand the truth first and then understand the truth. Their knowledge and skills also have their own specialties and specialties, and they have their own specialized research (technical expertise), that's all.

Li has a child named Pan, who is 17 years old and loves classical Chinese. He has studied the classics of the Six Classics and their biographies. He is not limited by customs and social atmosphere, so he came to learn from me.

I praised him for being able to practice the ancient way of seeking a teacher, so I made this "Teacher's Theory" as a gift for him.

Make an appreciative comment

Shi Shuo is a famous work by Han Yu. This paper discusses the important role of teachers and the necessity of learning from teachers, expounds the truth of taking those who have the means (those who have the ability) as teachers, and criticizes the bad atmosphere that scholar-officials were ashamed to learn from teachers at that time, and criticizes the disadvantages of being jealous with their younger brothers and not paying attention to real talents and practical learning at that time.

Han Yu believes that "people are not born knowing", so everyone should learn from teachers and put forward a new concept of "teacher" (Tao is there, teacher is there).

"Disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples", because "knowledge and expertise are in order".

Although the author said that this article was written for Li Pan, a young student, he actually took this opportunity to attack the Shilu family at that time. These people are self-reliant, and they can rely on Shi Lu as an official. They neither learn from their teachers nor oppose Han Yu's blatant teaching. This article is a public reply and a solemn refutation to them.

However, the author highly praised the "sages" and said that "today's people" means that "the sages below are far away", which is the traditional concept of "respecting the ancient and ignoring the present" in feudal times.