Introduction and details of Guo Peng.

According to Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records, Peng Zu was the seventh grandson of Xuanyuan Huangdi (the surnames of ancient people were separated, and the surnames represented bloodlines. The descendants of Huangdi were all surnamed Ji, but generally only the eldest son took the surname, and the illegitimate son of Xiaozong took another surname to show the difference, so Peng was originally a surname rather than a surname. After the Warring States period, Peng gradually became a surname, and was promoted to minister in the period, followed by Yao. In addition, Peng Zu,, (the ancestor of Yin Shang Dynasty), Abandon (the ancestor of Zhou Dynasty), Chui and Long were listed as 22 ministers in Shun Dynasty (only 10 was famous in history), and several others were designated as successors in Shun Dynasty. Yin Qi helped to control water, and was blocked in Shang Dynasty, becoming the founder of Yin Shang. Abandoning agriculture, Qiang Bing, a rich country, was named Hou Ji, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty.

According to the relevant historical books and the contents of Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins, we can get the following historical records: Da Peng was founded more than 800 years ago (the myth of later generations is that Peng Zushou is 800 years, and modern historians believe that 800 years is the actual existence time of Da Peng). After Xia succeeded to the throne, he ordered the rebellion of disobedient local governors to be quelled. During the reign of Xia Wang Shaokang, Da Peng branch was established in Qianwei, and another branch was established. In Xia Dynasty, Guo and Qian became powerful princes in the East. Guo and Qian of Shang Dynasty were also ordered by foreign ministers and He Jia of Shang Dynasty to conquer Pi and Wu tribes of Dongyi, and finally successfully conquered them, opening up the eastern territory of Yin Shang.

With the continuous expansion of Da Peng and Qian Wei's influence in the East, the Shang Dynasty was worried, but it was too busy to look east because of internal and external troubles. After Yin Wuding ascended the throne, he became the main commander of the revival of Yin Shang, and the national strength of Yin Shang began to become strong and began to explore the East and the West. Wu Ding first conquered the minority tribes in the northwest, including the Ghost Department, which had a marriage relationship with Guo, and then began to abolish the vassal states that did not obey the royal family. Therefore, Guo, which occupied the east at that time, was expelled and became the main target of Wu Ding's attack. Dapeng and Zhu Wei were destroyed under the attack of Wuding Commercial Army. Guoyu Zheng Yu records that "Da Peng and Qian Wei were destroyed by Shang Dynasty". After the extinction, later generations took the country as their surname, which is the origin of Peng's family. After the demise of Wei, later generations also took the country as their surname, which is the source of Wei's surname. In the Zhou Dynasty, one of the descendants of Peng was in charge of money and grain in the Zhou Dynasty. Later, Qian became a branch of Peng, so it was always called "Shi".

Notes on the chronology of this bamboo book: "Three years (Ren Xu), Bloomberg Kepi.

Note on the chronology of this bamboo book: after five years (Jiazi), you will enter the class. Pumbaa, Webber, Ban Fang, guests.

"Guoyu Yu Zheng" records: "If Peng's surname is Peng Zu, Qian Wei and Zhu Ji, the Shang Dynasty will die." Thus, Pengzhou has two branches, namely Wei State and Zhu Jiguo.

"Custom Justice" has a cloud: "The decline of Yin is also true, and Dong Weizhi reread his thoughts. The so-called Wang Fei, Ba Sheng. " Therefore, although Peng people were conquered by Shang dynasty, they did not lose their robes, but moved around and arrived everywhere. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Peng Guoren, with hatred for Shang Dynasty, took part in the crusade against merchants in Zhou Wuwang, one of the "Eight-Nation Alliance". After the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Inpeng was an ally of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and his tusks continued. Peng's title of "Bo" was valued by the Western Zhou Dynasty. After moving eastward, with the decline of the influence of the Zhou Emperor and the strengthening of the southern Chu State, Peng was finally destroyed by the Chu State shortly before 7 10 BC, and Peng entered Chu, becoming one of the earliest countries destroyed by the Chu State.

The war he participated in: the battle of attacking Hexi in summer: Chu Yu said, "There are five views at the beginning." Wei Note: "Five Views, Qi Zi, Tai Kang Kun Di also". It means that in the fifteenth year of Xia Qi, Wuguan and Xihe rebelled. Peng Boshou led a division to levy the Xihe River and defeated Wuguan.

Notes on Chronology of this Bamboo Book: Three years (Ren Xu), Pemberg Pi. In other words, Guo Peng led his army to conquer π.

"Notes on the Chronology of this Bamboo Book" records that he entered the class in five years (Jiazi). Pumbaa, Webber, Ban Fang, guests. What is said here is that Guo Peng and Guo Wei, a clan country, joined forces to attack the board houses. When the people were afraid, they went to the Shang Dynasty to pay tribute.

Shangshu Pastoral Oath records that there were 320 chariots and 300 warriors who fought with Zhou in Mu Ye and wrote down the pastoral oath. When Jiazi is ignorant, he vows to be a konoha, a commercial suburb. The king of Qi held Huang Yue in his left hand and Bai Wei in his right hand to persuade him, "Yiyi, a native of the Western Region!" The king said, "Oh! I am a friend of Yuezhong, Situ, Sima, Yalu, Shi, commander of thousands and centurion, and people of Yong, Shu, Qiang, Kuai, Wei, Lu, Peng and Pu. Say, "Ergo, Bilgan, Liermao, give them an oath." The king said, "The ancients said,' Hens have no morning; The rooster's morning is home. "Today, Shang Wang only accepts what women say, but he ignores Jue Si and Wang's parents and brothers. They are dishonest. But he just escaped many charges in all directions. He is a doctor and a scholar. Give it to the people, rape it to the commercial city. Today, I will only be punished for being respectful. Today, the things of the day are not satisfied with six or seven steps, but should stop. Alas, master! If you don't stay in the feeling of four, five, six and seven, you will no longer be neat. Alas, master! Businessmen are like tigers, tigers, bears and tigers. He runs a business in the suburbs and serves the west. What a pity! What did you do, what did you do! " It can be seen that Peng Guoren, as an ally of King Zhou, is one of the eight pastoral countries. Later, he joined the army in the battle of Mu Ye.

There are many records about the archaeological research of history in Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins, which not only confirms the authenticity and credibility of Guo's records in historical books, but also traces the recorded history back to more than 3,200 years ago. There are many sites in Pengzhou in Shang Dynasty. At that time, not only divination prevailed in Guo Peng, but also the custom of holding social sacrifices with dogs and people to pray for a bumper harvest in agriculture.

Exquisite geographical location According to the records of Da Peng in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xuzhou at that time was mainly the territory of Dongyi nationality, with a low level of civilization. After Peng Zu arrived in Pengcheng, he led the people to dig wells to build cities, developed production and made contributions to local development. (Because Dongyi and Huaxia were not fully integrated at that time, Guo thought that the colony of Huaxia in the East was mainly used as a base for conquering and defending Dongyi tribes. )

Regarding the geographical location of Guo Peng, there have been many places in history, and there are also many different opinions. The important things are as follows.

According to research, Pengcheng, Jiangsu Province is tongshan district, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. According to documents, Tongshan County, called Pengcheng in ancient times, was the earliest fief and birthplace of Dapeng Kingdom. Many ancient sites have been unearthed in Xuzhou, which also proves that China once existed here.

According to the Records of Pengcheng, Dapeng Tour is located 30 kilometers west of Xuzhou, where Dapeng people lived in ancient times. The north of the mountain is called Dapeng Village, and the capital of Dapeng is below Dapeng. Dapeng is now called Yi 'an Mountain, with an altitude of 262 meters. Dapeng village, located in Sanli, north of this mountain, is called Dapeng Ji, which is under the jurisdiction of Jiahe Township, Tongshan County. According to the textual research of unearthed cultural relics, Dapeng country should be established on the basis of tribal alliance during Longshan culture period. Guo's initial political center may be in the village area. With the increase of population and economic development, they moved to the center of Xuzhou, where the environment was more favorable, and built primitive villages and castles as the center of political activities, which developed rapidly and made their national strength strong. First, help Xia pacify the chaos of the Wu Guan in Xihe River and help merchants suppress the Pi people's anti-judgment. According to the cultural relics found, it is confirmed that Xuzhou is the birthplace of Dapeng country and Dapeng Village is the birthplace of Dapeng country.

Qingyang, Gansu Province, according to the textual research of Shangshu by Kong Anguo, a famous scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, in the Jingwei Valley northwest of the ancient capital Chang 'an, which is Qingyang City, Gansu Province, there used to be two countries with close ties-Lu and Peng, which is the pastoral oath of Shangshu, and the tribes of Yong, Shu, Qiang, Kuai, Wei, Lu, Peng and Pu. Lu and Guo Peng in the title "Ergo, Birgan, Liermao".

Lu is adjacent to the Jingwei Valley where he lives, and is closely related to Zhou and Xirong. The two rivers in the Jingwei Valley-Rushui River (also known as Ruhe River and Rushui River) and Hulu River-can still be found on the map, which is the hometown of Guru and Peng people. In the Zhou Dynasty, Lu Peng and China gradually merged into one family, known as "Peng Lurong", which is one of the five Rong (Yi Qurong, Yu, Warrior Rong, Yan and Peng Lurong) in Taiyuan (an ancient place name, including Qingyang in Gansu and southern Ningxia).

According to documentary records and historical research, Pengshan in Sichuan migrated from southeast to southwest in history, and was founded in pengshan county, Sichuan Province. Guo Peng is just one of several ancient Shu countries. Geographically, it should be a subordinate country with Pengzhou as the main body and parts of Guanghan, Pixian and Dujiangyan as its territory. The landform belongs to the intersection of Chengdu plain and hilly and mountainous areas, which can advance and retreat. It is the most suitable place for Anbang to establish the country in ancient times.

According to many historical documents, Fangxian County in Hubei Province was once Peng's territory, and Fangxian County was founded briefly. As mentioned earlier, Guo Peng was originally sealed in Pengcheng, Xuzhou. How can it be said that Fangxian County founded it? The reason is this: Peng Zu Pit was closed in Pengcheng in early summer, and Guo Peng was established. By BC 130 1 year, the Shang Dynasty was corrupt and chaotic, and Da and his kinsman Qian Wei, both descendants of Ji surname, broke away from the jurisdiction of the Shang king, declared independence and stopped paying tribute to him. Of course, the Shang Dynasty was very dissatisfied. So Wuding led an army to conquer, and destroyed Guo and money in forty-five years of Shang and fifty years of Wuding. After the demise of the Great Peng State, the Qiang people could not stay in Pengcheng any longer, so they had to flee everywhere, with their migration footprints in the north, south and west. In order to miss their old country, they took Peng as their country name and Wei as their surname. Among them, the migrants came to Guangxi and became the ancestors of Zhuang nationality. The Zhuang nationality's surname Victoria is their descendant. A branch that migrated northward, later Shiwei, became the common ancestor of Manchu, Mongolian and Korean. After many twists and turns, a branch that moved westward moved from Qingyang County, Gansu Province to Fangxian County, a mountainous area in northwest Hubei Province, and then founded a country here, which is still called Guo Peng.

It was one of the "eight western countries" during the crusade. During the attack week, people living in Fangxian participated in this historical feat and made great contributions to the war. Guo Wei, Guo Peng's kindred, also took part in the attack on King Wu. Weber Shu-ya led the army to fight with King Wu, and made outstanding achievements. Shortly after the Shang Dynasty was destroyed, Fang Xuan, located in Yuanqu County, Shaanxi Province, rebelled, and King Wu ordered Weber Shuya to lead an army to fight against the imperial army. After Fang Xuan was destroyed, the prince of Wu rewarded him for his achievements. In recognition of Weber's achievements, he sealed Weber to his ancestor Wei State, which is located in the southeast of Hua County, Henan Province. It is still called Wei Guo, and some documents also call Wei Guo and Wei Guobo. At the same time, Guo's consanguineous descendants moved to Yuanyang County, Henan Province, and established Guo, also known as Peng.

Peng Zu, the founder of Peng Guo, a political system, is a legendary figure. According to legend, Peng Zu worked hard to develop this land in Xuzhou. He led the people to control floods and build their homes; He mobilized people to build cities to resist the harassment of wild animals and foreign tribes; He is calm and self-sustaining, letting Dapeng people let go of production; He took the lead in digging the first well in Dapeng, and let the people drink sweet and clear spring water. He invented the introductory technique, taught the people to exercise, expelled the moisture in the body, softened the bones and muscles, and strengthened their physique; He invented cooking, pushed human cooking from cooked food to delicious food, and completed a leap in human cooking culture ... Pengcheng people have been grateful to Peng Zu for generations, and there are still relics such as Peng Zujing, Peng Zufu and Peng Zu's Tomb.

According to Peng Zu legend, Peng Zu lived 800 years and was the god of longevity. His regimen has been handed down from generation to generation in Peng Zu classics. Historians believe that Peng Zu's life expectancy of 800 years is actually Guo's life expectancy.

Peng Zu has a great influence in history. Confucius respected him very much; Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Lv Buwei and other pre-Qin thinkers all evaluated Peng Zu. Historical books such as Historical Records also have records about him; Taoism regards Peng Zu as one of the pioneers and founders, and many Taoist classics have preserved Peng Zu's health preserving theory. In the pre-Qin period, Peng Zu was a saint in people's mind. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang listed Peng Zu as a fairy, and Peng Zu became a mythical figure.