What are the names of government agencies that observed astronomical phenomena in Ming and Qing Dynasties?

The government agency that observed astronomical phenomena in Ming and Qing Dynasties was called Qin Tianjian.

As a royal astronomical institution in the Ming Dynasty, Qin Tianjian's function is roughly the same as that of previous dynasties, that is, to manage all affairs related to astronomical phenomena. Specific work is responsible for observing, recording and divining astronomical phenomena; Compilation and revision of calendars; Punctuality and timekeeping for various ceremonies of the imperial court; Choose an auspicious day for the royal ceremony and preside over special ceremonies closely related to your work.

The history of astronomical observation

People in ancient times believed that God would warn people in advance of any disaster that would happen on the earth through the change of astronomical phenomena. Since the emergence of human society, there has been observation of astronomical phenomena.

The ancient Egyptians determined the flood season of the Nile according to the simultaneous appearance of the sun and Sirius on the horizon. In the two river basins, that is, today's Iraq, the most spectacular building is the tower for observing astronomical phenomena, that is, the observatory; China made the earliest star map in the world during the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. Therefore, from Xia, Shang, Monday to Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were departments and personnel in China who observed astronomical phenomena and predicted providence.