Who are the four great inventors in China?

China's four great inventors; Movable type printing in the Northern Song Dynasty Bi Sheng; There is no record of compass in the Northern Song Dynasty; Tang Dynasty gunpowder Sun Simiao; Cai Lun, a papermaker in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

1, Bi Sheng (about 97 1- 105 1), a native of Qishui County, Qi State, Huainan Road, Northern Song Dynasty, invented movable type printing in Qing Dynasty in Song Renzong. The invention of movable type printing in Bi Sheng is a great revolution in the history of printing and one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It has opened up a broad road for China's cultural and economic development and made great contributions to the development of world civilization.

The early printing method was to engrave pictures and texts on wooden boards and print them with ink. Today, this method is still used for wood watermark painting, which is collectively called "block printing".

Bi Shengchu is a printing factory worker, specializing in manual printing. In the practice of printing, he knew the difficulty of block printing, summed up the experience of predecessors and invented movable type printing. The method, Shen Kuo in Meng Qian Bi Tan has a specific record.

2. Cai Lun (? -12 1 year), Zhong Jing, a native of Guiyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

In the last years of Han Yongping, he entered the palace as a minister. In the second year of Zhanghe (AD 88), Cai Lun was promoted to be a regular servant because of his meritorious service to the Empress Dowager, and Cai Lun also held an official position.

Cai Lun summed up people's paper-making experience in the past, innovated the paper-making technology, and finally made "Cai Hou Paper". In the first year of Yuan Xing (A.D. 105), it was reported to the imperial court, and Han and Emperor ordered the popularization of his papermaking method.

In the first year of Jianguang (A.D. 12 1), he committed suicide because of a power struggle. Cai Lun's papermaking is listed as the "Four Great Inventions" in ancient China, which has made outstanding contributions to the spread of human culture and the progress of world civilization, and has been respected by people for thousands of years. It is regarded as the originator of papermaking and the "paper god" by papermaking workers.

Among the 100 celebrities listed by Mack hart, Cai Lun ranks seventh. Cai Lun was listed as "the best inventor of all time" by Time magazine. The opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games showed the papermaking invented by Cai Lun.

3. Sun Simiao (54 1-682, controversial, see the text of the catalogue of "the battle of the ages"), a native of Huayuan, Jing Zhao (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province), was a doctor and Taoist in the Tang Dynasty and was honored as the "King of Medicine" by later generations.

In the seventh year of the Western Wei Dynasty (54 1), Sun Simiao was born into a poor peasant family.

He was brilliant since he was a child. When he grew up, he began to like Taoism, Laozi and Zhuangzi. In the first year of Emperor Yangdi's reign (58 1), Sun Simiao lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan, Shaanxi Province, and gradually gained a high reputation.

Sun Simiao attached great importance to the folk medical experience, accumulated interviews and recorded them in time, and finally finished his book "A Thousand Daughters".

After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao accepted the invitation of the imperial court and cooperated with it to carry out medical activities. Celebrating the fourth year of Jian 'an (659), he completed the world's first national pharmacopoeia "Tang Xin Ben Cao". In the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Gaozong (674), Sun Simiao was old and sick. Please go back to his hometown. The first year of Yongchun (682), died.

Extended data

First, movable type printing

The invention of movable type printing is a great technological revolution in the history of printing. Clay movable type invented by China in the Northern Song Dynasty (1048) and Bi Sheng (970- 105 1) marked the birth of movable type printing. He was the first inventor in the world, about 400 years earlier than the movable type printing of German Johannes Gutenberg.

Second, the compass.

Compass is the result of China ancient working people's understanding of magnet magnetism in long-term practice. As one of four great inventions of ancient china, its invention has played an inestimable role in the development of human science, technology and civilization. In ancient China, the compass was first used for rituals, etiquette, military affairs and divination, and to determine the orientation when looking at geomantic omen.

Third, gunpowder.

Gunpowder is one of the four great inventions in China. It is a substance that can burn quickly and regularly under the action of appropriate external energy, and at the same time produce a large number of high-temperature gases. Militarily, it is mainly used as the propellant of bullets and shells, the propellant of rockets and missiles and the energy source of other driving devices, which is an important part of ammunition.

Fourth, papermaking.

In the first year of Yuan Xing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (105), Cai Lun improved papermaking. He made paper from bark, hemp head, cloth, fishing net and other raw materials through crushing, mashing, frying and baking, which is the origin of modern paper. This kind of paper is easy to find, cheap and has improved its quality, so it is gradually widely used. In order to commemorate Cai Lun's achievements, later generations called this kind of paper "Cai Hou Paper".

Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Inventions