Give me the translation of Chinese lesson 2 1 The Chen She Family, the first volume of Grade 9?

Sima Qian s Vernacular Interpretation of Chen She Family in Western Han Dynasty;

Bobby Chen is from Yangcheng. Guangwu is from Yang Xia, and he is an uncle. When Chen She was young, he was hired to farm the land with others. He stopped farming and went to rest on the ridge. He sighed for a long time because of disappointment and said, "whoever has money, don't forget everyone."

The companion who farmed together smiled and replied, "How did you make a fortune as a farm laborer?" Chen Sheng said with a sigh, "alas! How can sparrows know the ambition of swans? "

In July of the first year of Qin Ershi, the court recruited the poor to station in Yuyang, and stationed 900 people in osawa Township. Chen Sheng and Guangwu were incorporated into the garrison and served as captains of chariots.

It happened to rain heavily and the road was blocked. I guess it was delayed. Missed the deadline. According to the law of the Qin Dynasty, everyone should be beheaded.

Chen Sheng discussed with Guangwu and said, "Even if you run away, you are dead. If you revolt, you are dead. Is it okay to die for national affairs? " Chen Sheng said: "People all over the world have been ruled and persecuted by the Qin Dynasty for a long time.

I heard that Qin Ershi, the youngest son of Qin Shihuang, should not be an emperor, but a childe Fu Su. Because of Fu's repeated remonstrance, the emperor sent troops abroad.

Now some people hear that he is innocent, but Qin Ershi killed him. Most people heard that he was clever, but they didn't know that he was dead.

Xiang Yan is a general of Chu. He has repeatedly made meritorious military service and cared for soldiers. People in Chu love him very much. Some people think he is dead, others think he has run away. Now, if we pretend to be the team of childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan, as the first player in the world, there should be many people responding. "Guangwu thinks he is right.

So they went to divination. The fortune teller understood their intention and said, "You can all succeed in great things and build your achievements. However, have you ever asked about ghosts? "

Bobby Chen and Guangwu are very happy. They thought about the diviner and said, "This is just to teach us to scare everyone with ghosts and gods."

So he wrote on the silk with vermilion: Chen Sheng is king. "The fish in the belly was caught by others. The soldiers bought fish and cooked it. When they found the silk book in the fish's stomach, they were already stunned by it.

Chen Sheng secretly sent Guangwu to the temple in the jungle next to the station. At night, he carried a lantern and shouted with a fox's shrill voice: "Great Chu will prosper, and Chen Sheng will be king."

The soldiers were afraid all night. The next day, the soldiers talked about it, just pointing at each other and pointing at Bobby Chen. Guangwu always cares about soldiers, and most soldiers are willing to listen to him. One day, the general commander who escorted the garrison was drunk. Guangwu deliberately said many times that he wanted to escape, which made the general commander very angry and made him insult himself to anger the soldiers.

Can Wei really use bamboo boards to fight Guangwu? Guangwu drew his sword to kill Guangwu, jumped up, snatched the sword and killed the captain. Chen Sheng helped him and killed two commanders together. (So Chen Sheng) summoned and ordered his subordinates to say, "You all missed the deadline in heavy rain, and if you missed the deadline, you would be beheaded.

If it was only from execution, but the people guarding the frontier fortress would have died six or seven tenths. Besides, it's just that strong men don't die. If he dies, he should gain great fame. Will princes have natural noble species? "All the subordinates said," I am willing to obey your orders. "So they pretended to be childe Fu Su and romantic team, and obeyed the wishes of the people.

All show their right arms (as a sign of the uprising), which is called Dachu. Build a high platform with earth, take an oath on the platform, and sacrifice the captain's head to the sky with (two). Chen Sheng was appointed general and Guangwu was appointed captain. They attacked osawa Township, incorporated the rebels into osawa Township and then attacked Qixian County. After capturing Qi, Ying Ge led the army to capture the eastern part of Qi.

Chen Sheng attacked Luo, Dan, Kuzhe and Joe and captured them alive. Soldiers were allowed to March along the road during the parade. In Chen county, there are six or seven hundred chariots, more than one thousand cavalry and tens of thousands of soldiers.

When attacking Chen county, the county magistrate and the county magistrate were absent, and only the defenders led the troops to fight against the insurgents in the city gate cave. (guarding the city) If you can't win, the army will be defeated and die, and the insurgents will enter the city and occupy Chen County. A few days later, Chen Sheng ordered a meeting of local disciplined squires and talented squires.

"General, you personally wear armor, holding a sharp weapon, crusade against the ruthless Qin Dynasty, and restore the establishment of Chu. According to the credit, you should be king. " Chen Sheng was made king, and the name of his country was Zhang Chu. At this time, all the people in the counties who had suffered from the Qin officials responded to Chen Sheng's call and rose up to punish the local county officials and kill them.

Original text:

Chen Shengsheng, a native of Yangcheng, is involved in words. Wu Guangzhe, Yang Xiaren, is an uncle. When Chen She was young, he tried to plow with people's servants, and he was disappointed for a long time in his fallow ridge. He said, "If you have money, you will never forget each other."

The servant smiled and replied, "If you are a servant, how can you be rich?" Chen She sighed, "oh! Swallows know the ambition of swans! "

In July of the first year of the second year, the left guard Yuyang, 900 people in osawa township. Chen Sheng and Guangwu became captains of chariots. It will rain heavily, the road will be blocked, and the temperature has already been lost. When time is lost, the law will be cut.

Chen Sheng and Guangwu said, "If you die today, you will die. How can you die if you wait to die? " Chen Sheng said: "Ku Jin suffers all over the world.

I heard that II had a younger son, but it was not done properly. It was done by his son Fu Su. Fu Su admonished foreign generals with several words. If you are not guilty today, you will be killed by II. Many people have heard of their sages, but they don't know their death.

Xiang Yan, the general of Chu, made many contributions and loved foot soldiers. The Chu people pitied him. Or think of death, or think of death. Today, I sincerely call myself Fu Su and Xiang Yan, and sing for the world, so I should respond more. "

Guangwu thinks so. The soothsayer knew what this meant. He said, "Everything is difficult at the beginning, and you have merit. However, the ghost of the first step! " Chen Sheng and Wu Guangxi thought of ghosts and said, "This teaches me to show my ears first." It is written in Dan Shu that "Chen Shengwang" was put in the belly of a fish.

Strangely, a pawn bought fish to cook and got a book in the fish's stomach. There is a bonfire in the temple next to Wu. what does the fox say said, "Chu Xing, Chen!" All the soldiers are afraid at night. On the day of his death, stroke often talked, all referring to Chen Sheng.

Wu Guang loves his wife, and his foot soldiers are mostly users. Drunk the captain, so he said he wanted to die, angered the captain and humiliated him to anger his public. Weiguo kuan Wei Jianting, widely circulated, captured and killed the captain.

Chen Sheng assisted him and killed two commanders. The summoner said, "If it rains, it's overdue. Cut it off. Don't cut it first, but stick to it.

If a strong man dies, he will have fame, and princes will have descendants! All the disciples said, I respect your commands. "Fu Su and Xiang Yan, the two sons, are pretending to obey the people. To the right is called Dachu. Alliance altar, sacrifice to the captain.

Bobby Chen became a general and Guangwu became a captain. Attack osawa Township, and then attack. In this case, Commander Ying Ge turned his soldiers to the east.

Attack, hairpin, bitter, zhe, qiaocheng all fall. Line back, than to Chen, six or seven hundred by car, riding a thousand, tens of thousands of people died. When attacking Chen, Chen Shouling was away, and he was fighting alone. Fu Sheng and Shou Cheng died according to Chen.

A few days later, the monastery called three elders, heroes and everyone to the finance room. The three elders and all the heroes said, "The general is determined to win, and the attack is invincible. He has destroyed Qin and rebuilt Chu, so he deserves to be king." Chen Sheng was crowned king, posthumous title Zhang Chu. At this time, all the counties harmed by Qin officials were punished by their officers and killed in response.

Extended data writing background:

During the reign of Qin Shihuang, palaces and mausoleums were built on a large scale, the Great Wall and post roads were built, and troops were used to fight against Xiongnu and South Vietnam, which consumed a lot of manpower and financial resources and greatly increased the corvee and tax burden of the people.

At the same time, the rulers of the Qin dynasty also enacted cruel laws with severe punishments, which made it easy for the people to violate the criminal law. After Qin Ershi succeeded to the throne, he was endowed with more benefits, which led to the exhaustion of the world and the suffering of the people.

Under the brutal rule of Qin Dynasty, the first vigorous peasant uprising broke out in the history of China-Daze Township Uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu.

The desperate fate of 900 people in osawa Township in July of the following year is a microcosm of the situation of the working people in the whole country, and it is also the reason why a single spark in osawa Township can ignite the national peasant uprising and start a prairie fire.

Because the influence of the Qin Dynasty was still very strong at that time, and Chen Sheng himself was not good at unifying internal affairs, coveting the life of the vassals and separating himself from the masses, this rebel army failed in just half a year, and Chen Sheng himself was killed by traitors.

However, under the influence and promotion of this uprising, all kinds of insurgents swept across the country quickly, disillusioning China, which was ruled forever by the descendants of Qin Shihuang, and the Qin Dynasty was overthrown after 15 years.

Appreciation of articles:

The article "Chen She Family" was written in the order of events. To write about the process of the uprising, we should first write about the reasons and plans before the uprising, and then write about the outbreak and development of the uprising until the establishment of the political power. The background is very clear.

In the narrative, the causal writing is adopted. To write the motives of the uprising, first write the harsh laws of Qin; Write about the occurrence of the uprising, then the cruelty of the commander, and so on. All of them are reasonable, which strongly highlights the justice of the uprising.

Through the description of typical details, this paper fully shows the process of the uprising, its great momentum and the mental outlook of its leaders, thus leaving a deep impression on people.

This paper vividly describes the historical process from the Daze Township Uprising to the establishment of Zhang Chu regime, and reproduces the heroic qualities of two uprising leaders, Chen Sheng and Guangwu. Bobby Chen's class consciousness is high and he has "great ambition".

This is manifested in the dialogue between servants and companions, and in the speeches of the two commanders to their disciples after they were killed, especially the words "the princes would rather plant", which is a powerful denial and criticism of the feudal hereditary system. It is precisely because of his foresight and inspirational words that he can receive the effect of "respecting orders" every day.

As the leader of the uprising, Chen Sheng and Guangwu were quick-witted and decisive, and made careful plans and arrangements for the uprising. "It will rain heavily, the road will be impassable, and the temperature has been lost." If time fails, the law will be cut "is the direct cause of the uprising of Chen She and others. Chen Sheng and Guangwu kept calm in a crisis, made a decisive decision, planned an uprising, and were determined to let the masses live, which showed that they had a good grasp of the timing of the uprising.

In their plot, Bobby Chen made an incisive analysis of the current situation and grasped the social background that "the world is suffering from Ku Jin".

On the basis of this analysis, we decided to use the banner of Fu Su and Xiang Yan, because "people are more familiar with their sages, but they don't know their deaths", "Xiang Yan has made a lot of contributions, and the Chu people pity him", "or he thinks he is dead, or he thinks he is dead", and if this slogan is put forward, then "more people should respond".

Inspired by fortune tellers, they carefully planned two "supernatural" events, the fish belly of Dan tree and the fox sound of bonfire, which deceived the eyes and ears of other guards. They co-starred in the double reed drama of killing generals and successfully ignited the fuse of the uprising, which shows that they are good at planning.

The following article "All Counties Suffer from Qin Officials" takes care of the above-mentioned "all the world suffers" and "all its officers are punished and killed to respond", which echoes the above-mentioned "those who should respond more". These two sentences show that Bobby Chen's analysis is completely correct, which shows his ability to understand the current situation. It was Chen She's planning ability and insight that led to the uprising, which quickly spread to all parts of the country.

Chen Sheng and Guangwu had divination when they were planning the uprising, and later, at the suggestion of fortune tellers, they conducted two more scams: Dan Shu and Hu Ming. This deception of creating public opinion to overthrow a regime is common at the turning point of China's history.

When people have a strong fear of fate, it is the most ingenious and effective way to show that they are superman ordered by heaven with various tricks.

However, Chen Sheng and Guangwu themselves are not superstitious about destiny, and "princes will have seeds" is their real thought.

When describing Chen Sheng and Wu Guangxing's divination, the author Sima Qian deliberately debunked that "the soothsayer knows his meaning", that is, "knowing his meaning" means "all goes well with one step". As for "divining ghosts", he is obviously participating in a conspiracy.

This kind of deception is fully revealed in the writings of Chen She family, and Liu Bang's myth of snake-cutting is also preserved in Biography of Emperor Gaozu, which reflects Sima Qian's progressive view of history.

Neither commander was at fault in the Daze Township Uprising. The uprising leader planned the conflict between them and Guangwu, but they died in the end. This is because they are the representatives of the forces of the Qin Dynasty. In the face of cruel class struggle, they acted as the opposite of the insurgents, so they could not escape the fate of becoming victims.

After Chen Sheng captured Qixian, the first county town, he sent Ying Ge to the east of Qixian in time to open up a new battlefield, so as to quickly open up the situation, and at the same time, he lost no time in establishing a monarch and a peasant regime.

All these show that they used strategies and tactics properly in the early days of the uprising and successfully assumed the responsibility of leaders. In the battle, the victory lies in Chen Jian's perseverance and charge, and his "being a lover, being a foot soldier, is to use the family", which are all indispensable qualities of a leader, and are clearly reflected in Chen Sheng and himself.