Shaanxi Normal University's "Treasure of Town Hall" contains the title deed of campus land more than 2,300 years ago.

"I think it is the treasure of our museum. It can be said that it is the title deed of this place in Chang' an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University more than 2,300 years ago! " Recently, Hui Gang, director of the Education Museum of Shaanxi Normal University, told the education teacher of Huashang Daily.

The treasure of this town hall mentioned by curator Hui Gang refers to a tile collected by shanxi normal university library 1978. Despite its ugly appearance, it is a well-formed tile book by Qin Zongfeng in the Warring States Period and Huiwen King Period. Coincidentally, according to the information recorded in this document, the fief scope just includes the Chang 'an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University.

This "baby" is now on display in the Historical and Cultural Center of the Education Museum of Shaanxi Normal University. It is rectangular and flat, with thick middle and thin head and tail.

Director Hui Gang introduced that this Qin Wa book is the only pottery document found at present, and its writing style is the same as that of unearthed bamboo slips. 1948 was unearthed in Huxian county, and its exact location is unknown. It is 24 cm long, 6.5 cm wide and 0.5- 1 cm thick. Carved on both sides, with 6 lines of 92 characters vertically engraved on the front and 3 lines of 27 characters vertically engraved on the back, there are *** 1 19 characters (emphasis, combined text * *12/word), which is one of the more characters in pottery. "From the point of lettering, it should be made of clay. When it is half dry, carve it with a hard tool and then fire it. There are red pigments between the lines. "

What's written on the Waben? Because the font used is Qin Zhuan, it is not easy for modern people to recognize it. According to Mr. Shang Zhiru's explanation in the article "Several Problems of Yi Wa Shu in Qin Dynasty", the words engraved on the front and back of this tile book are as follows:

In the four seasons (years), Emperor Zhou sent his wife (doctor) to pay tribute to the civil and military officials in the morning, and sent them in ten pots (one month) in winter. Da Liang swam out early and said, "Take Du Cai (now) to Tanqiu and go to Yushui, thinking that Aunt Quan is living. This is for the tile book. The humble (humble) secretary Yu is even more arrogant: "Children and grandchildren think they belong to the city. "The closed seal is ten pots in the winter of January (January) in the four seasons (year), from the east of Mulberry Seal to the north of Mulberry Seal, with 20 episodes in one mile. Ota Zuo, Ao (Hao) Tong (Tong), Shi Yuechu, Bo Zhe (Art) and Shi Jimi (Handing) all aspire to be buried.

According to Mr. Shang Zhiru, these words mean: Qin Huiwen and Wang Ganyuan were four years old, and Emperor Zhou () sent doctors to sacrifice to King Wen. On November th, winter, it was ordered to "cut off a piece of land from Tanqiu to Yushui in Du County, and make it the ancestral home of the right princess", and a book was written. He sent Yu Bu Gengjin (pronounced kór ku) to make a seal, saying, "Children and grandchildren are regarded as the towns of ancestors". On the winter day of Gui You in November, four years, it began to be sealed, starting from the seal of Sang □ (word: Xiang+Xiang) in the east and ending in the north, totaling 45 cities. Datianfu Chief, Quan Chen and Chu Shi were responsible for divination and planting trees on the seal, and carved tile books from historical records. Si Yuxin recorded the sealing process of Zongyi, so he buried the tile books in the seal.

Director Hui Gang said: "According to the written information, the purpose of writing the tile book is to seal this land to this person as his ancestral home. Feng refers to the earthen platform and the city refers to the city. Feudalism means that the rulers set aside an area for contributing ministers and owned it to encourage them. Zong Yi is different from ordinary fiefs, and the seat of Zong Yi is the seat of the ancestral temple. Because it is a document that records this event in the form of tiles, it is called Qin Zongfeng's suicide note. "

The name of the person who announced the will is you, and so is the current president of Shaanxi Normal University.

Director Hui Gang said, "I think this is the first treasure in the pre-Qin period. Because this tile book was not made by the seal to show family glory, it was ordered by King Qin Huiwen. King Huiwen of Qin was the great-grandfather of Qin Shihuang, the 26th monarch of Qin State, and the first king of Qin State in the Warring States Period. During his reign, Zhang Yi, Lian Heng, Gongsun Yan, Gui Lizi, Sima Cuo, Yi Qu, Xiping and Bashu went to Hanguguan in the east and went to do business in the south, which laid a solid foundation for the unification of China by Qin. According to records, at the beginning of Washu, Zhou Tianzi sent people to Qin Huiwen to sacrifice the meat of King Wen. Although this information is not directly related to Feng, it can also be seen that Qin was powerful at that time. "

"According to Qin Huiwen's will, the fief belonged to Du Jun of Qin at that time. The scope of the fief was Qiu Nan in the southeast of Beijing in the Zhou Dynasty, which was located in the narrow strip east of Fenghe River, west of Weihe River and north of Nanshan. The Chang 'an Campus of Shaanxi Normal University is just within this range. So someone joked that this tile book was the title deed of Shaanxi Normal University more than 2,300 years ago. In addition, there is an interesting coincidence: the name of the person who published Qin Wang Huiwen's will on the Waben is you, and the current president of Shaanxi Normal University happens to be you. So far, I'm afraid only Shaanxi Normal University has such a coincidence and precious thing among the universities in China. "

"In addition to the information recorded in writing, the text of this tile book itself is a wet-engraved Qin Zhuan, and the font is patchwork, which is very vivid and rhythmic. Cultural relics are generally considered from historical value, cultural relics value and artistic value. Considering these three aspects, the value of this tile book is very high. "

Both the issuer and the receiver have weapons with inscriptions handed down from generation to generation, and Waben is used as a seal record.

Then, who is the official who issued the orders and seals recorded in this book (jiū or liáo)?

Director Hui Gang said that he was ordered by the king to give this land to the right-handed elder Youyou, and his position in the tile book was "Liang Zao" and "Shu Chang". Shang 'an was promoted from a long position to a giant algae in the political reform of Qin State, which ensured the smooth progress of the political reform. It can be seen that giant algae is a very important official position in the government of Qin State. Judging from the records in ancient books and the lack of attention, Liang Zao appointed by Shang An is actually the highest office of the Qin government. He was not only the highest military attache at that time, but also the leader of hundreds of officials, assisting the Prime Minister Qin Wang in handling government affairs. Girder left should be the official name of right and right, and general should be his knighthood. In addition to the name of the tile book, there is also a bronze kudzu engraved with inscriptions handed down from generation to generation.

Although this person's historical records are not clearly recorded, referring to the unearthed cultural relics, it may be the incense list longevity candle recorded in the historical records of Qin Zhaowang. Wa Shu records that he was a right concubine when he was sealed, and he also had a weapon handed down from generation to generation with an inscription.

The carriers of ancient documents are bone, copper, gold, jade, iron, stone, wooden slips, silk and so on. , rarely ceramic. Why didn't Feng Zongyi choose ceramic tile as the carrier instead of metal for such an important activity? According to Chen Wenzi, an exhibition in the museum, there is a record of "illegal migration" in the Qin law, which is a punishment for others' illegal migration. It can be seen that the phenomenon of "migration seal" was common at that time. Zong Yi is the seat of the ancestral temple. How can it be "moved"? Therefore, the Qin law specifically prohibits it. Because there is no evidence to record the closing of the case, it is necessary to write down the relevant orders, and the witness testimony recorded in the official records confirms each other. Maybe this musical instrument is made of pottery, because it is easy to keep, easy to carry and low in cost.

The director said that according to the records of the tile book, this tile book was Qin Cheng's burial seal.

Teacher of the Academic Affairs Office of Huashang Daily Ma Huzhen/Wen Jason/ photo (photo of cultural relics provided by the Education Museum of Shaanxi Normal University)

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