What are the characteristics of Mongolian in Ordos and Ma Ma?

The answer you posted on the other same question cannot be entered when it is modified. After several revisions, the result was limited, and it was changed here.

The first question: 1, skin color diversity. 2. The posture is different. 3. Good character.

(Problem solving: The second paragraph talks about skin color and various gestures, and the third paragraph talks about the relationship between horse temperament and Mongolian national character, so it is well summarized. )

The second question: Horse is the right-hand man in Mongolian nomadic life and production, and it is the representative of national vitality.

(problem solving: this is to examine the understanding of the central sentence, which is not difficult. )

You need to know more. I wonder what it has to do with this reading question. I found some information for you. I should correct some words in the second document. The main purpose of Mani Hongji is to worship Sulud (Soulideth) on both sides, not Ruma Fengqi. However, it is right to say that deer, horse and phoenix have the meaning of worshipping horses. Not all Marni Red Poles will have Ruma Fengqi, but Sulide must have it. On the flag of Lumafengqi, it takes a whole day to recite the scriptures to print the design of the horse, which is equivalent to the Chinese saying, please God. I am from Ordos and live in Wushenqi, the hometown of Sulide culture, so I know something.

Information 1:

Mongolians have an indissoluble bond with horses, and horses have participated in Mongolian life and emotional fields. Horse is the means of production, the companion of life, and the object of decoration, description and praise by Mongolians. For Mongolian nomadic society and its historical development, the important role of horses is irreplaceable.

Ma Zheng is talking about the politics of horse breeding, including horse domestication, grazing, feeding, use and market management, as well as related systems and laws. According to historical records, the Mongolian horse industry was quite developed from the end of 12 to the beginning of 13. After the establishment of the Yuan government, Mongolians improved the management system and feeding protection measures of the horse industry. Since then, there have been institutions, regulations, taxes and so on to manage horses.

Horses are the main exchange products of Mongolian trade. The daily necessities used in Mongolian life are mainly obtained through the exchange between the horse market and the mainland. Therefore, in the Yuan Dynasty, there were fairs in Tianshan County, Shajing County and Jining County. At that time, Shangdu was a famous commercial city on the grassland. Businessmen from the Central Plains, Central Asia and Europe gathered here to exchange metal utensils and daily necessities for livestock and animal products.

In Mongolian sacrificial activities, horses are often regarded as important sacrifices. Every time the Mongols worship Aobao, the gods of mountains and rivers and ancestors, they have to sacrifice horses. For example, in the activities of offering sacrifices to Genghis Khan, a Huang Ma must be chosen as a sacrifice to show his respect. Mongolians also often use horses for divination, and often judge the year and apologize according to the shape of the liver of the killed horse. In addition, Mongolians often use horse hair, ponytail and horse teeth to predict the future.

Shenma, known as "Wengzhou" horse in Mongolian, refers to Tianma. People regard Weng Mazhou as a god and have a special pasture for it. No one or animal can offend it. No riding, no slavery, no taming, no trading, no flogging, no cursing, no forwarding. When it is aging, it must be authorized by the government to find a substitute. Mongolians believe that God horse is given by heaven, and God sends God to manage cattle. With god horse management, the herd can be peaceful.

Literature and art always reflect and copy reality. Praise for horses is one of the important contents of Mongolian congratulations. Whenever Nadam holds a horse race, people will praise the winning horse. Many praises of horses are made by improvisation, and there is no strict and fixed format and words. On other occasions, it is inevitable to hold a ceremony to praise the horse. Praise ceremonies should be held for the horses that Mongolian young men and women rode when they got married, for the horses that VIPs attended various parties, for the horses that were led by guests, for the pole horses that they rode when they harnessed horses, and for the newly born foals.

In the vast and colorful Mongolian folk literature, horses are vividly described, and horses have extraordinary wisdom and divine power. The horse treads on the earth, and the dust is flying, and its power is unstoppable. The images of horses in Mongolian epics are all magical. They can fly, change, talk, advise heroes, predict prophets and help heroes, all of which show their divinity. In a sense, the hero and the horse become an interdependent and complete unity. The harmony between man and horse even goes beyond the relationship between people.

Among Mongolian proverbs about livestock, the number of proverbs about horses is the largest, and the content reflected is extensive and profound. There is a Mongolian proverb that "Mongolians don't have horses, just as they don't have hands and feet." "A good horse starts with a pony, and a good man starts with a teenager."

In the long-term production and life, Mongolian people are particularly fond of horses, have a deep understanding of their habits, character and value, and have created many words to express horses and chariots. There are many words about the age, sex, voice and movements of horses in Mongolian. There are many names of animals and plants, insects and celestial bodies in Mongolian vocabulary, all of which are related to horses. In fact, the vocabulary related to horses is higher than other animals in richness, frequency of use and language permeability.

Mongolian people can sing and dance well, and Mongolian folk songs are rich and colorful. Among them, there are thousands of folk songs related to horses. Through folk songs, they praise the advantages of horses, their colors, their close relationship with people, describe their speed and posture, and thank them for their kindness to Mongols. Mongolian music also shows a deep love for horses. Ma Touqin is regarded as a symbol of Mongolian music. The head of the piano is marked by a horse, the body of the piano is wrapped in horse skin, and the bowstring is made of horsehair and ponytail. Ma Touqin can play the hiss, hum, sigh, lament and other sounds of horses. Many movements in Mongolian dance are derived from or related to horses. The "horse-riding dance" and "horse-sacrificing dance", which are very popular in Mongolian areas, adopt "looking up with horse stance just look". Dancers imitate various postures and movements of horses. Leg movements include prancing, rolling left and right, pulling the horse back, turning over and so on. , and the movement is light and slow, or galloping.

Message 2:

Mongols are often called the people on horseback. They release their horses, worship them, train them and ride them. There is a Mongolian proverb: "Songs are wings, horses are companions". The relationship between Mongols and horses is a harmonious relationship, even a relationship of mutual help and friends. They think horses are upright animals, so they think horses are noble. Among the moving Mongolian folk songs, many praise horses, and many prose poems and hymns also praise horses. The custom of horse worship can be fully reflected in the Mongolian epic Jianger. There is also a very distinctive sign, because I have just returned from Erdos, and there is a very old custom in Erdos, that is, they want to erect a Mani red pole in front of fixed houses. This pole is actually two poles, and there is something like a fork on both poles, called "Sulud". There is a horizontal rope between the two poles, and colorful flags are tied on this rope, and the image of a horse is printed on the flag, which is called "Luma Wind Flag". I think this is a powerful testimony to their worship of horses. This "deer, horse and phoenix" is engraved with the image of a galloping and eager horse with its mane raised. According to my investigation, on holidays, especially the Mongolian New Year, they will offer the "Luma Wind Flag", because a small altar with a width of one meter is built in front of the Mani Red Gate, and every family has it. On this altar, they can light incense, and in front of the altar, they can offer sacrifices and worship the "Luma Wind Flag". This is a symbol of their worship of horses.

I asked them, and they said that they would offer sacrifices every New Year. Besides, if an old man dies, they will fly the flag at half mast. In some areas, it is written in the literature that they will change when they have children, but this survey did not say so. This shows that they worship and love horses as a symbol. Why do they worship and love horses so much? I think it has something to do with the long-standing beliefs of Mongols, because Mongols believed in Shamanism in ancient times, and the worship of heaven, that is, Tengger, was in the supreme position.

I think there is a process here. At first, they may worship the natural sky, including celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, moon and stars. Later, due to the ontological worship of heaven, it developed into the image of god they created, and this image of god later developed into 99 gods. It can be said that this is a very complicated and huge god system. Why do they worship heaven so much? Because they think that the sky is the source of their happiness, and the gods are related to the reproduction of livestock and the fertility of people. So it is the source of happiness, so what does this deep-rooted worship of gods have to do with horses? There is a long-standing legend in Mongolia, that is, there are no horses on the grassland in Mongolia, and there is no green grassland at that time. As a result, a goddess in the sky felt very sorry after seeing it, saying that such a clever animal, an animal that runs very fast, did not give it to humans, so she pulled out the hairpin from her hair and turned into a group of horses running on the green satin grassland. Therefore, in the Mongolian concept, the horse is a god given to people by God. So I think there is a certain relationship between Mongolian worship of horses and belief in gods.

In addition, there will be a horse's head, like a walking stick, on the shaman instrument held by Shamanism. Because there is a concept of soul in Shamanism, that is to say, a horse can be a tool for a person's soul to cross from one world to another, as if a person is a boat of the soul. So I think horses are worshipped by ancient shamanism. In fact, other ethnic groups also have this situation, such as Naxi. For example, in the famous Mongolian epic Genghis Khan, this horse is completely in the same position as people. Genghis Khan can talk to horses, and horses can leave that person, leave Genghis Khan, and then go back to Genghis Khan. This is a relationship of equality and mutual assistance with others, and finally achieve mutual communication. Genghis Khan's war horse began to complain about Genghis Khan's harshness, so he left Genghis Khan and finally returned to Genghis Khan. The relationship of equality and mutual assistance between man and horse has been established, which shows that Mongolians worship horses.

Horses enable Mongolians to gallop around the world, and horses enable Mongolians to unify their interior. When I arrived in the Yuan Dynasty, I got it immediately and won the glory of the world.