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What is the main content of criminal law in Shang Dynasty?
The legal guiding principle of Shang Dynasty is theocracy as the main guiding principle. Shang Dynasty was a dynasty in which theocracy prevailed in the history of China. Shang kings enforced laws in the name of God, and their legal activities were mainly divination.
The main law of Shang Dynasty was the punishment of Tang Dynasty.
Types of punishments in Shang Dynasty: In addition to the five punishments, there were hand-breaking, buried alive, submerged, burned and branded. There are many kinds of punishments, and they are extremely cruel.
Compared with Xia dynasty, the state system of Shang dynasty made great progress, and the judicial system began to take shape. The main judicial structure is the internal and external service system.
The king claimed that he was the representative of the natural gods on the earth, "leading the people to serve God", and respecting the king meant respecting heaven. Through blood relationship and identity inheritance, the Shang king turned the worship of ancestors' gods into the main way to maintain his rule, which not only violated the king's orders, but also was condemned by heaven and was not tolerated by his ancestors.
The political and judicial rule of Shang Dynasty developed greatly than that of Xia Dynasty. In addition to the further strengthening of the authority of the Shang dynasty, the Shang dynasty determined the ruling relationship between the central and local governments by means of "internal service" and "external service" The area directly ruled by Shang king is "oral administration"; Other areas allied with Shang tribes and obeying orders from Shang kings were "foreign servants". Tribes living in these areas have great independence, because their leaders were made princes and uncles by the Shang king. The same is true in the establishment of the judiciary. The area of "internal service" was directly controlled by Shang Wang, while "external service" was under the judicial rule of vassals. The judicial officials in Shang Dynasty were held by senior nobles.
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