Who are the female generals in the history of China?

There are many stories of ancient heroines among the people, such as Mulan, Princess Pingyang, Fan Lihua, Yangmen Maiden and Liang Hongyu. But these people are either characters in folk songs, characters in romance novels or not formal generals. In the history of thousands of years in China, the only female general officially listed in the national compilation is actually Qin Liangyu, a female general who was praised by Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty as "wearing a military emblem as a mandarin duck sleeve". "Biography of Qin Liangyu in the Ming Dynasty" said: "Liangyu is bold and wise, good at riding and shooting, eloquent and elegant. The control is strict. Every time you March, Wu Rong feels awe. The Ministry number is' White Pole Soldiers', both far and near are afraid. " Qin Liangyu is the only female general in history who has been listed in the twenty-fifth history, which fills the historical gap that there are no women in the official history.

1, Fu Hao (Shang): She was the first queen of Shang Ding. Mu Xin, the mother of Zu Geng and Zujia, lived in the first half of the Shang Dynasty when Wuding reorganized in 12 BC, and was the earliest female politician and strategist in China. The first recorded heroine in the history of China.

1976, the tomb of "Fu Hao" was discovered in Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province, which made the deeds of this female politician and strategist who had been buried for more than 3,000 years come to light again. Archaeologists and historians believe that this ancient outstanding woman should be given her due historical position. When the tomb was excavated, its contents were well preserved. In addition to a large number of bronzes, 755 jade articles have been unearthed, which is the largest and most concentrated tomb unearthed in Shang Dynasty. There are also 63 stone tools, 47 precious stones and ivory carvings.

Due to frequent wars, the traces left by the Shang Dynasty are very rare, but a considerable part of these few relics belong to a special woman. She is a "good woman", which shows how prominent her position is.

2. Fan Lihua (Tang Dynasty): Emperor Taizong lived in Zhenguan. His father, Fan Hong, was the commander of the Hanjiang Pass in Xiliang (West Turkic) and later went to the Tang Dynasty. She is clever and brave, commanding everything on the altar. After the Xue family chaos, she led Xue Gang into Chang 'an to avenge her rape. In folklore, she is a young woman in the Tang Dynasty who dares to love and hate, with broad mind, high martial arts, great magical powers and comprehensive talents.

Fan Lihua was a heroine in ancient China. When talking about the story of Xue's voyage to the West, Jiang and he both talked about such an ancient woman who was full of rebellious spirit and dared to pursue ideal love boldly. Her beauty is unparalleled, her martial arts is the highest and she is invincible in the world; Although he was humiliated and wronged, he still declared his righteousness, took care of the overall situation and returned good for evil. Her image is extraordinary, beautiful and profound, and she embodies the great independent spirit of China women.

3. She Saihua (later Tang Dynasty): She Taijun, a famous Saihua, was named Taijun. Born in the Qing Dynasty in the late Tang Dynasty (934), he married Yang Jiye in the second year of Ganyou in the late Han Dynasty (949). He died in Song Xianggong for three years (10 10) at the age of 77. Clear. Kang Jitian's "Jincheng Soul Volume 20" contains: "The village has been passed down from generation to generation, and the monarch is good at riding, and the servant is better than his men and women. He kills the enemy with his soldiers, like Mrs. Wang Qiu's personal help." People compared her to Liang Hongyu, the wife of Han Shizhong, the king of Qi, who personally assisted the nomads from retreating. In the Qing Dynasty, Guangxu's "Bao Dezhou Zhi" contained: "Yang Jiye ... celebrated the military history of Xiong Jun for the Northern Han Dynasty and married a woman."

She is different from other legendary Yangmen women generals, and there are real people in history. Great-grandfather served as the secretariat of Linzhou (now North Shili, Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province) in the later Tang Dynasty, belonging to Li Keyong; Grandfather was far away. After 930 A.D., Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty named him the secretariat of Fuzhou (now Fugu County, Shaanxi Province). At the end of the Han Dynasty, Yin Di's father, Zhe Deyi, was appointed as Ying Yong's ambassador to Fuzhou. According to Bi Yuan, the minister of the Ministry of War in Qing Dynasty, in Wuzhong Stone Tablet, Gong Zhe Wu Gong went to the tombstone and told the story of Taijun in the south of Gushanbao, Fugu County. The world took this monument as the monument of Zhejiang Taijun. Yang Jiye's wife, Zhede, and his daughter, Kau Zhetai Jun, are buried in Nanzhewo Village, Baode County. break

4. Mulan (Northern Wei Dynasty): In Yingguo Town, Yucheng County, Shangqiu City, there is a Mulan Temple as evidence. On the Beijing-Kowloon Line, there is a Yucheng Mulan Station, and not far away is Mulan Temple, which is the former residence of Mulan in Sui Dynasty. The temple was built in the Tang Dynasty and covers an area of 72,000 square meters. From south to north, there are more than 100 rooms, including the gate, the main hall, the memorial hall, the back building and the courtyard. In the corridor of the gate, there are tall war horses and Mulan; In the main hall, there is a statue of Mulan in uniform, with guards on both sides; In the back building, there is a statue of Mulan girl and the whole family's lovesickness. Inside and outside the temple, there are more than ten kinds of inscriptions such as words, poems, paintings and calligraphy praised by officials and celebrities in past dynasties. For example, Du Mu's poem in the Tang Dynasty said, "As a man who is leaning on a bow, I once had a thrush dream. After a few drinks, the Buddha heaped clouds to wish Princess Ming. Unfortunately, the original temple was destroyed by a war in 1943. Rebuilt in recent years, there are still well-preserved Qing Dynasty monuments.

Mulan is buried in Yan 'an, and there are scenic spots in the holy land. Mulan lives in Huayuantou Village, Wanhua Township, south of Yan 'an. Her surname is Hua, and she comes from the Northern Wei Dynasty. After his death, he was buried in the mountain next to the village, named "huajialing". The emperor also sent a funeral procession. There are stone steps under the tomb, and there are stone men, stone horses, stone lions and stone sheep on both sides. 1984, Mulan Cemetery in Wanhuashan, Yan 'an was restored. The garden is elegant and spectacular, with carved beams and painted buildings. There is a tomb on the mountain, and the stone tablet is engraved with Mulan Poem and Flower General Cemetery written by Shu Tong, as well as poems praising Mulan by famous poets such as Bai Juyi and Du Mu. The park was planted with Mulan's favorite peony flowers, and a soldier statue of Mulan was carved, which vividly reproduced her heroism.

Taijun is She Taijun in history. Her surname was later given by a storyteller who used homonyms.

5. Pan (Northern Wei Dynasty): According to Biography of Shu Wei Yang Dayan and Biography of Northern History Yang Dayan, Pan was a Wudu Adi and the wife of Yang Dayan. Pan Shi is the general we know who helped her husband lead the troops in the early days. Yang Dayan is an official of TaBaWei. He is a general in the cabinet, a general of Lu, a general of East Jingzhou and a general of Wu Wei. He went to war many times to fight against Liang Xiao and the ethnic minorities in Jingzhou. Pan Shi is skilled in martial arts and good at riding and shooting. He came to her husband's army himself, dressed in military uniform, crossed the enemy's sword in war, and rode in and out of the jungle when hunting. After the war or hunting, when they returned to the barracks, the husband and wife sat in the curtain together, talking with the general and the curtain guest at will, laughing and laughing everywhere. Yang Dayan sometimes happily pointed to his wife and said to everyone, "General Pan is here."

6. Liang Hongyu (Song): Although there is no name in history books, he is only called Liang, but he does exist in history. Redjade was named after her death in various unofficial history books and plays. It was first seen in A Tale of Two Cities in the Ming Dynasty: "I am Liang Jia, with a small print of Redjade. My father is dead, my mother is here, and I am from Tokyo. "

The famous heroine who resisted gold in Song Dynasty. Originally from Chizhou, Anhui Province, he was born in Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province, and later met Han Shizhong. Liang Hongyu felt his kindness and devoted himself wholeheartedly. Han redeemed him as a concubine. It turned out that Bai became Han's wife after her death. After three years of advice, he made great contributions to pacify the Miao Fu Rebellion, and ran hundreds of miles overnight to call Han Shizhong into the Weiping Rebellion. Therefore, they were named Lady Anguo and Yang Guofu people. Later, he went out with her husband many times. Suggest a four-year battle to block the river, fight side by side with Han Shizhong, and stop the invading Jin Army on the south bank of the Yangtze River for 48 days. Since then, it has become famous all over the world. After leading the army alone, he fought around with Han Shizhong and defeated 8 Jin J many times. Shaoxing went out of Chuzhou town with her husband for five years, "cutting through the thorns to build a military house, working with the foot soldiers, weaving thin clothes and building houses." On August 26th of the lunar calendar, he was besieged by Jin Jun and died of exhaustion. At the age of 33. Jin Zhongyong served the country, and the court heard the news and expressed deep condolences.

7. She Xiang (Yuan): Yi nationality, named She Zi, born in the 21st year (A.D. 136 1), daughter of Xuan Fuzhi (Linzhou, Sichuan), wife of Yi nationality.

In the eighth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1375), he was fourteen years old and married Chang Jun, a native of Shuixi (now Dafang) of Yi nationality in Guizhou, and Ai Cui, an envoy of Guizhou. Her husband Ai Cui, whose Yi name is Longzan Aqi, is the 46th grandson of Buana, a surname in Mobei, Guizhou. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, she was appointed as Shunyuan's ambassador to Fu Xuan, and served as Shunyuan's ambassador to Xuanwei and Yunnan Zuocheng for eight times. After the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, the central government of the Ming Dynasty was established in Jinling (now Nanjing). In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 137 1), the original organizational system was abolished and the Fu Xuan Department of Guizhou was established. Ai Cui, Shuidong Song Mongolian Evil and Puding female manager Shi Er led their troops to Ming successively. Zhu Yuanzhang "accepted the original official" and "listened to his taxes". Appointed Ai Cui as the image ambassador of Fu Xuan; In Song Dynasty, Mongolia was called "Qin" because of its evil deeds. In the sixth year of Hongwu (A.D. 1373), Zhu Yuanzhang issued a decree that "the Fu Xuan Department of Guizhou was promoted to Xuanwei Department, and Ai Cui was the ambassador of Xuanwei." She Xiang was clever and thoughtful since childhood. After marriage, she became Ai Cui's wife and often assisted her husband in dealing with many political affairs of Xuanwei Department. In the process of living with her husband, She Xiang gradually increased the political ability of the Regent. He is famous for his talent, deeply loved by the people and honored as the monarch. In the 14th year of Hongwu (AD 138 1), Shuidong died, and his wife Liu took over as Xuanwei Tongzhi. In the same year, Ai Cui died of illness. Because her son is too young to inherit his father's business, She Xiang naturally endured the pain of being widowed and caring for the widowed, and took over the post of Ambassador Xuanwei of Guizhou Province.

In the 29th year of Hongwu (A.D. 1396), She Xiang died at the age of 35. Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, sent envoys to Shuixi to attend She Xiang's funeral, and named She Xiang "Mrs. Daming Shunde".

8. Yan Hua (Ming): Mrs Walsh. Born in the ninth year of Meiji (1496), she is the daughter of Cenzhang, a local official in Zhili Prefecture (now Jiuzhou Village, Jingxi County, Guangxi). She is a famous anti-Japanese hero in the Tusi era of Zhuang nationality. She was smart and studious since childhood, reading poetry books, practicing martial arts, mastering the art of war and being helpful by nature. When he grew up, he married Cenmeng, a local official in Tianzhou (now Tianyang County, Guangxi), and changed his surname to "Washi" according to the custom of intermarriage between officials and officials in the Tusi era of Zhuang nationality and the fact that Zhuang nationality did not avoid sharing the same surname in marriage.

In the sixth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1527), Cenmeng, a local official in Tianzhou, was accused of rebellion and was punished by the imperial court. His son Cenbangyan was defeated and died. After the death of Cenmeng and his son, Sun Tzu Cenzhi attacked the local officials in Tianzhou. Because CenZhi is still young, Mrs Walsh is in charge of state affairs. During her tenure, Mrs. Walsh was good at managing state affairs and stabilizing social order. At the same time, we actively developed agricultural production, set up compulsory learning, and promoted education, and made achievements in all aspects. The people live and work in peace and contentment, winning their love and support. In the 29th year of Jiajing (1550), Cenzhi was called by the imperial court to suppress the Z-Li Uprising in Hainan Island and died in Hainan. As a result, Mrs. Walsh took on the heavy responsibility of raising Cen Zhi's sons, Cen Dashou and Cen Dalu, and continued to be in charge of all government affairs in the state with remarkable achievements.

500 meters northeast of Nadou Village, Longping Village, Tianzhou Town, Baise City, Guangxi Province, there is a field called "Terrace", which means the land of Taipo in Zhuang language. According to the Records of Zhen 'an County, seven tombs of local officials, including Mrs. vasco, Zhou Tian Tusi 16 sai-jo Centailu and 22 sai-jo Cenlan, are buried within 1,000 mu of Fiona Fang. Unfortunately, modern times have been completely destroyed, and most of the ground cultural relics have disappeared. 1989, a nearby farmer found a gravestone with a ditch by the fish pond in Pingjie, Longping Village. The inscription on the tombstone reads: "Tomb of Taijun, Cenmenwa, the daughter of Jiajing in the former Ming Dynasty", which reminds people of this Zhuang heroine in the Ming Dynasty again. Now, Mrs. Vasquez's tomb has been restored in the old cemetery and has become a patriotic education base. Every year, many people go there consciously to mourn the national hero.

9. Qin Liangyu (Ming Dynasty): Su Zhen. National heroes, female generals, military strategists and anti-Qing generals who made great achievements in the late Ming Dynasty. People from Zhongzhou, Sichuan (now Zhongxian, Chongqing). From the official to the Ming Dynasty, Dr. Guanglu, loyal and honest, Shao Bao, Prince Taibao, Prince Taifu, Sichuan ambassador, left governor, general Zhendong, Sichuan company commander, prefect and wife Yipin.

Historical books such as Ming History and Nan Ming History record: "Liang Yu is brave and wise, good at riding and shooting, knowing the enemy like a god, eloquent, elegant, but strict in control." "Since childhood with his father Qin Gui Wen Xi kungfu.

According to the official determination of clothes and other relics left by Qin Liangyu, his height is about1.86m..

Qin Liangyu has been in the army for more than 40 years, and has traveled all over the Great Wall, north and south of the Yangtze River, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin. Qin Liangyu is the only heroine in the history of China who is listed separately in the official history (not the history of women). The only female general who won the title with meritorious military service. One of the few women who are both civil and military. Guo Moruo once wrote an article praising Qin Liangyu: "A woman like her who is not afraid of death and does not love money is rare in history." . Chuanying Hutong in Xuanwu Gate, Beijing, is the site of her northern garrison (the door is engraved with twelve characters "Qin Shaobao, the eldest woman in Sichuan").

10, Du Fengyang (Qing): The date of birth and death is unknown, and she is the female leader of the Hui uprising army in Yunnan. During the reign of Xianfeng and Tongzhi, Du Wenxiu, the female commander of Yunnan Hui uprising, rebelled with her father in her childhood. Honest officials call it "knowing soldiers and being good at fighting, being served by thieves." In the seventh year of Tongzhi, he led an army to defeat Liu Yuezhao, governor of Yunnan and Guizhou (including the battle-hardened Xiang army) and besieged Kunming City. Soon, the Qing court mobilized troops to help Du Wenxiu. Du Fengyang fled to the people, and was later discovered by Ma Rulong, the Yunnan magistrate (rebel traitor). Finally, he was secretly executed by Cen in Kunming.