Since close relatives can't get married, how can the first two people on earth reproduce?

Adam and Eve or Nuwa and Fuxi were the earliest ancestors of mankind. I think so. Ancient giants were huge and could hunt dinosaurs. In the end, the extinction of dinosaurs was not a meteor hitting the earth, but was eaten by human ancestors. A few people have become smaller and smaller after evolution, and people are less and less hungry after food evolution.

In the Yellow River valley, an ancient race similar to orangutans and monkeys gave birth to a freak named Nu Wa. Nu Wa reads fast, which means girl. It's a woman. This Nuwa is amazing, because the mutant is bigger than the giant's parents. If you lift a stone, you can throw it far away and feel like you are going to throw it into the sky. Do Mao's parents think it's wonderful to laugh at her to mend the sky? Nu Wa is very sad. She is taller than others of her kind, and no one plays with her. Everyone laughs at him as a freak, but she has a belief that there must be others who like her and she wants to find him. So one day she left without saying goodbye. Because of her great growth, the earth has become smaller. She passed all the way, ate dinosaurs when she was hungry, and pulled out the HKUST tree as a crutch when she was tired.

At this time, another orangutan race on the other side of the earth also gave birth to a freak. Everyone was surprised beyond description. They are all barking, so there is no way. And then the baby's name is mm-hmm If it barks too much, it will become Adam. Is the pronunciation similar? Adam is also huge. One day, Adam had just finished eating dinosaur meat when he was sleeping and suddenly heard a voice he had never heard before. He picked up the dinosaur bones around him and threw them over.

Suddenly a voice became Nuwa's. When Nu Wa was climbing a mountain, a bone hit her head. She began to cry, but she stopped at once. She wants to catch the prey on it.

On Adam's side, when he heard the croaking sound, he immediately shouted "wow", which startled me, so he shouted, scared, scared, and everyone rushed to watch the fun, but because he didn't know whether it was wow or wow, some people thought it was Eve climbing the mountain, so it slowly spread. It turned out to be Xia Wow. It's as weird as our Adam. It seems that they don't even have mouths.

After climbing the mountain, Nu Wa looked at a group of people she had never seen before. She felt terrible. Even if she will be hunted, she must run very fast. But the more anxious she is, the more her stomach hurts. I don't think the red fruit she just ate is delicious, so I can't help but pull up my stomach. So the seeds of the apple we ate today sprouted and took root in Adam's home. Because Adam is also a giant, everyone else is taller in the race. Only he caught up with Nu Wa, and both of them were tired of running. So Nu Wa only heard Adam's gasps, thinking that the person opposite was meowed, but for the sake of simplicity, it was called meowed. Later generations became Fuxi when listening to the story of Nu Wa, but because of the language barrier, Adam also called the person in front of him Eve like a human being.

Nuwa's name is Fuxi and Adam's name is Eve. They don't understand each other's words, but they have a strong sense of intimacy, because they meet the same freak and look alike. They started playing together, hunting together, eating dinosaurs together, and ... together, slowly, I don't know how many years passed. The apple tree that was knocked down by Nu Wa with diarrhea turned out to be fruitful.

On this day, Nu Wa just woke up and stretched herself, acting like the same snake, with amazing bones and weak whole body. A ripe apple fell on Adam's head and Adam picked it up and wanted to eat it. When Nu Wa remembered eating diarrhea, she waved her hand and said she couldn't eat it. Although Adam played with Nuwa for a long time and didn't know what Nuwa meant, he still ate the apple. It's delicious. So he imitated his orangutan parents. Adam and Eve began to make people, one a year, sometimes several a year. At that time, there was plenty of food, unlike running around looking for food now, although hunting was hard. ...

I don't know how many teenagers Adam and Nuwa's children have grown up, but strangely enough, these descendants have mutated again, and none of them are as tall as Adam and Nuwa. This is also good, saving a lot of food and having more children. When children grow up, they imitate Adam and Nu Wa and have children with each other.

One day, Nu Wa looked at her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren walking around and suddenly thought of her parents. He wants to go back and have a look. Because of years of getting along, Adam gradually understood what Nu Wa said and started a long journey with Nu Wa. However, some of those children who have grown up no longer follow Adam and them, but are scattered around and become the ancestors of Europeans today. They often tell their descendants. Because the ancestors of orangutans always thought that Nu Wa was called Eve, they taught these descendants, and the situation gradually changed. Because these deformed people are too powerful and too smart, I don't know how many years later, their descendants had an inter-ethnic struggle with the original ancient humans, and the new humans slaughtered and destroyed the ancient humans.

What about Adam and Eve? They set out for the Yellow River Valley and crossed the Amazon Valley. Some offspring can't walk any further. After all, it's too far. They are not as tall as Nuwa. They are tired. Some stopped in the Amazon basin, some stopped in Africa ... New people began to live all over the world. The same result is that Homo sapiens is too clever. After generations of development, Homo sapiens extinct ancient species everywhere. Finally, because Nu Wa always told Adam to hush, Nu Wa felt kind, because it reminded her of the beautiful life they fell in love at first sight, and Adam acquiesced. Children in the Yellow River valley also described their ancestors Hush and Nu Wa in this way, and later they became Fuxi and Nu Wa. Finally, the extended family met Nu Wa's parents, and Nu Wa gave it to him.

History is always strikingly similar. With the passage of time, the Chinese people also had a war with the ancients. The final result, of course, is that the Xie people won, and the Chinese people began to thrive. Later generations ask them how they came, and Nu Wa will tell them that they were born by Nu Wa and Fu Xi. Some descendants followed Nu Wa and Fuxi all over the earth and crossed mountains and seas. I have been there, and later people often listen to the stories of Nuwa and Fuxi, which have been passed down from generation to generation. Today,

Although the new wise men are clever, they also have shortcomings, that is, their life span is short. Nu Wa Fuxi lived for hundreds or thousands of years, while the new wise man lived for decades. With the development of science and technology, human beings have come to this day.

After the birth of the Chinese nation, Shennong appeared. This glutton is too greedy. He knows that his ancestor Nu Wa ate apples and had loose bowels, but today they love apples, so he decided to taste all kinds of delicious food in the world. Fortunately, he tasted 100 kinds of edible food and many inedible foods, but unfortunately, Shennong died after eating 100 kinds of food. Later generations asked him to taste all kinds of food and herbs in memory of him.

On this day, a man named Kua heard that there were similar people who wanted to see the sun, so the earliest Xu Xiake was born and Kua set off with his children. But how can these little people swim across the sea without the help of Nu Wa? Angry, he kept beating the sea with his crutches, hoping that the sea would separate and make him farther away from his dreams. However, the more anxious he was, the more he couldn't attack his heart, so he died of a heart attack. His children watched Kuafu die and had to return in order to survive. They reported to people that their father Kuafu died day by day, and the story about Kuafu spread day by day.

When there are many people, in order to survive, they start to grab food. After plundering and destroying the ancients, cracks appeared between the new wise men. They were divided into several factions, and one of them, Huangdi, was very clever. Why is this man called Huangdi? Maybe there is more sunshine than others! He is very young. Although he is very young, he is very cute. Oh, no, but he's smart. Everyone knows the rest, so I won't say anything.

Why do I know so much? Because there is an earthman whose name is Fuxi. He is not dead yet, but she can't bear to tell his descendants about his long life. The only time he let it slip was when he was alias Peng Zu. He is too modest. He said that he lived to be 800 years old, but in fact he was more than 800 years old, but he was afraid that his descendants would sneak away and visit all over the world because of his short life and sadness. He returned to his birthplace. Why is it called a small garden? Actually, it's a little round, because he is a giant, one of the two giants in the world. Originally, the paradise was very good for the ancients, but only a little for Adam. So it was called Xiaoyuan, and later it was translated into Eden, but it was just the wisdom of future generations. Adam came to the Garden of Eden and met his descendants. He told them that his name was Adam, and their ancestors and descendants didn't believe it, because it was impossible to look different. Man is so small and Adam is so sad, so he gave himself another name. In any case, it is customary to change his name. What should I call it? When he saw that all their descendants called them the one who gave birth to them, he thought he was the biggest one, so he called it Dafa. The name is too long and troublesome, so you can call it Dafa. Later generations said, Adam said, okay, okay, let's be embarrassed. It turned out that it was the accent again, so the embarrassment in history was born. There was an Adam who grew up in the Garden of Eden. One day he lost a rib and became Eve. It was clearly the dinosaur bone that hit Nuwa, his Eve. He was embarrassed to say that Eve had loose bowels. Eve said that the apples that could be eaten could not be eaten, so she got used to it a little bit and remembered the day when Nu Wa stretched out like a snake. So he said that a snake told him not to eat apples, but she ate them anyway. Then he and Eve ... and the Bible was born.

Later, he was embarrassed to leave, because he was too tall to know it was thousands of miles away. He found that the flood was coming, so he quickly told the new intellectuals in Europe and America to move and move in Chinese. Alas, Huaxia has been staying for a long time, so I'm used to it. Suddenly, he found that his descendants didn't understand. Adam suddenly realized that movement meant a ship. Come on, let's build a moving ark together, or the danger will come, or the new intellectuals will be smart. Shipbuilding will be built in that era! So I helped Europeans and Americans escape the flood.

China is not so lucky, because there is also a big flood, so how did this big flood come from? Here comes the moon. In fact, there are no satellites on the earth. Later, a moon meteorite flew from somewhere and passed the earth, but it was a pity that it met. The slight vibration of the earth is a huge fluctuation of the little giant, which is flooded everywhere and becomes a flood. The moon is held by the gravity of the earth, and then it keeps going around the earth. China is not so lucky, but Nu Wa's diligence in finding the same kind is hereditary.

Adam helped Europe and America think of China, Africa and America. He wanted to save more children and grandchildren, so he hurried around. Some people have never seen such a giant and think Adam is a monster. Some people regard him as a god. Adam became a god everywhere, but he changed his name every time. It is difficult to change his accent.

One day, Adam saw a man named Aladdin who was very upset and had no money to get married. Adam wanted to play a trick on Aladdin. Adam, who was drinking tea, turned around and threw the teapot to Aladdin. Aladdin was surprised to see a teapot fall from the sky. Unexpectedly, it suddenly rained. Adam came out. He asked Aladdin, Do you know what this is called? Aladdin replied, I don't know. Adam misinterpreted a word. This is an oil pan or an oil lamp. Sell it for money. Aladdin became a businessman and made a fortune after selling all the oil pots. At this time, the princess chose Xu. Aladdin is too rich to throw money directly to the princess. He is so arrogant that Adam can't accept it. Adam told Aladdin that I was the genie of lamps and that I helped you marry the princess. So sometimes Adam will run around with Aladdin and the princess in his big hand, but it's too cold, but it doesn't matter. Aladdin has money. Let's make some blankets, so people often see blankets flying in the sky. This is the feeling of flying, and the princess feels the same way. He must be in love with Aladdin. Adam was very satisfied. He is not the genie of lamps. He was leaving, and he came to China again.

Huaxia saw a fool fishing by the river in the melee of Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Adam, who has been clever for tens of millions of years, decided to use this fool to quell the battle.

What's your name? Adam asked.

I don't know. I fish by the river. It should be called a river.

On the river? It is still on the river. You can call Jiang Shang from now on! Adam road

Good name, good name, I'm Jiang Shang.

It's Jiang Shang, Adam corrected

Yes, yes, on the river.

……

I don't know how long they talked. Adam told Jiang Shang that he was a god. He is going to suppress Shang and Zhou Dynasties today, because his descendants are killing each other. He can't bear to see it. What can't he bear to see? I've missed it for tens of millions of years. But it may be true, because Adam was so happy after moving the ark to save many people, and he wanted to save it again this time.

Primitive Buddha, Oh, Primitive Buddha, Jiang Shang Road.

Not the original Buddha, but it was originally prepared for today. ...

Hello, Primitive Buddha, Jiang Shang Road

Adam was helpless, okay, okay, the original Buddha is the original Buddha, and a fool is a fool, the original Buddha said to himself.

The Buddha said, Jiang Shang, let's go and save people. I can fly, you see, so I made an eagle shape with my hand and said it happened to thunder.

Jiang Shang is stupid, but he is not. He blurted out Lei Zhenzi, Oh, people who have studied ancient Chinese should know that Zi was the honorific title at that time.

The primitive Buddha is happy. This boy is very interesting. How's this? He deliberately said "move" with a little British accent.

Nezha, Jiang Shang Road.

Haha, have fun. Do you know what Nezha is?

Jiang Shang pointed his forefinger at his chin, pouted and shook his body. He saw the lotus in the river, and he pointed to that, that is the lotus.

Haha, it's fun, but it's not a lotus, it's a lotus, and there are lotus roots below.

Lotus root is lotus root, Nezha is lotus root, Jiang Shang answered quickly.

What about this? Said the original Buddha than a gesture on his head.

It's Erlang God. You are so huge, you are a god. So your name is Erlang God.

Then why not Er Shen? Primitive Tianzundao

Because you are a man, and that man's name is Lang, you idiot. Jiang Shang laughed while covering her stomach.

Yes, yes, you are smart, so let's try to calm the war. Let's hurry and save a few more.

Where has Jiang Shang seen such a scene? There is bloody meat everywhere. This big scene suddenly woke Jiang Shang. Jiang Shang trembled in the hands of Lei Zhenzi, the deity, and said loudly: Lei Zhenzi, Erlang God, Nezha III. ...

Where have the soldiers seen such a giant? The person who killed the red eye was also afraid. I don't know who called djinn a god, a celestial spirit and an earthly spirit. ...

It turns out that the Buddha is happy and it didn't take much effort to get it. He put Jiang Shang down and said, "Stop killing each other. Today, I asked my apprentice Jiang Shang to supervise you. If you fight again, I won't spare your lives. "

Primitive Buddha, Lei Zhenzi, Erlang God, Nezha III ... Jiang said that he was running around without a clue, but he didn't want to be caught. This man was Ji Kang, and Ji Kang hurriedly led his troops back to the camp. Ji Chang excitedly asked Jiang Shang who was caught, and dared to ask your name.

energy ...

Jiang Taigong, good name, good name, JiChang urgent way.

What attendants? I am only 17 years old,

Seventy, seventy is a squire. Being 70 years old is rare. Did the squire marry a wife?

not yet

That, that, pointing to the old woman sweeping the floor, can't help but add, match, match

The old woman was knocked unconscious by the broom, but she couldn't help hitting the deer again. Old cows eat young grass, and I have what I am today.

In this way, 17-year-old Jiang Shang entered the bridal chamber on the night of her wedding with her grandmother.

The next day, grandma who suffered from insomnia woke Jiang Shang up early. You go and write what you said yesterday about your deity.

Grandma saw that Jiang Shang was indifferent and immediately picked up the broom on her head and hit him on the head. She roared, go and write.

Jiang Shang had to start writing about primitive Buddha, Lei Zhenzi, Erlang God and Nezha ... which made it unlucky. ...

It turned out that grandma was Ji Kang's undercover, and he arranged it for Jiang Shang on purpose.

Ji Changye's big heart is doomed to be destroyed, but Jiang Shang can't offend. What should I do? He came up with a good idea.

After Jiang Shang finished writing this book, Ji Chang ordered Jiang Shang's hand and tongue to be cut off, then ruined his business and sent Jiang Taigong to Qi to defend Xinjiang. However, this fool and the disabled are just living in a daze. Zhou Wang is terrible. Although he hasn't seen the giant elf for many years, he is also afraid. After Jiang Taigong's death, he quickly fabricated a set of literary achievements and martial arts and put them on Jiang Taigong to build a temple for him. He didn't know how to write it. ...

Although Jiang Shang was a fool, his descendants were brave. There is a thin line between a fool and a genius. Fools can give birth to geniuses, and geniuses can also give birth to fools. Of course, the worst is the old woman who sweeps the floor. I don't know how old she is, but she has had fifteen children in a row.

Qi zhou also lasted for 800 years with the efforts of later generations.

Adam was suddenly hurt after he left that day. Will he die? Are you sentimental when you are old? The older you get, the more open you will be.

Adam was hurt when he remembered that his descendants were afraid of himself. He wants to be smaller.

Although Darwin's On the Origin of Species has been published for about 150 years, there are still people who don't want to believe that human beings evolved from other animals, but think that "human beings are born". For example, creationism holds that God created human beings, in which the first person was Adam the male and the second was Eve the female. Nowadays, all people in the world are descendants of Adam and Eve.

However, this theory later encountered serious challenges. First, it is time to create. According to the study of biblical chronology, Archbishop Heuchel of Ireland found that the earth was born in 65438+4004 BC1October 22nd.

However, this theory was rejected by later generations, because scientists found through geological research that there are many fossils on the earth, and these fossils are probably extinct biological remains, which were buried in the soil during geological changes, and after a series of reactions, they finally formed stone-like fossils, and the formation of fossils was definitely not just thousands of years ago, so creationism was untenable in the scientific field.

Moreover, scientists also found that the shapes of these fossils are very similar to those of existing organisms, so in the19th century, people of insight put forward the theory of evolution, such as Lamarck.

However, Lamarck believes that the law of biological evolution is: use into waste and retreat, and inherit the day after tomorrow. But later, after five years of sailing around the world, Darwin discovered that the law of biological evolution is: natural selection, survival of the fittest, and wrote the immortal masterpiece The Origin of Species.

Darwin did not explicitly write about the origin of human beings in this book, but he wrote about the evolution of many animals. If you have read this book, you will infer from its contents that human beings have evolved from other animals step by step.

The Origin of Species by Darwin, the first man, pointed out the direction for later scientists, that is, human beings evolved from other species. Later, scientists proved that human beings evolved from apes through gene sequencing and fossil excavation.

About 65438+600 million years ago, mammals appeared on the earth, but at that time, mammals were very small, about as big as mice. Because dinosaurs were the overlord of the earth at that time, mammals didn't make much waves until an asteroid hit the earth 65 million years ago, which led to the extinction of dinosaurs.

After the extinction of dinosaurs, the surviving creatures quickly carved up the original niche of dinosaurs, while the ancient ancestors of human beings occupied the niche of trees, feeding on plant fruits and leaves. From the point of view of survival, there is not much pressure on this niche, because raptors can't cross layers of branches; Wild animals can't come and go freely in trees, so there were few natural enemies in ancient times.

It's just that the environment on the earth is not static. Due to the gradual formation of the Great Rift Valley in Africa, it is difficult for East African creatures to migrate to other regions. In addition, the weather has gradually become dry, and the forests in East Africa have gradually disappeared and savanna has taken its place.

Originally living in trees, human ancestors had to live underground, but on the ground, human ancestors met their natural enemy: the fear of cats, which is a large carnivore that is likely to feed on ancient human ancestors.

But when human ancestors evolved, they evolved the ability to walk upright, so that they could see far away and quickly avoid natural enemies. In addition, human ancestors began to eat meat, which contains much more energy than plants, and it does not need a long intestine to digest meat, which will consume a lot of energy.

In this way, human beings can get more energy from meat food, and at the same time, the shortening of intestines reduces some energy consumption, so that human beings have extra energy to develop brain capacity.

With the development of the brain, people gradually have the ability of abstract thinking, such as totem worship, but for animals, they don't know what God is at all because they don't have the ability of abstract thinking. Abstract thinking ability makes us not only learn to use tools, but also learn to make tools, which also makes us stand at the top of the food chain.

Because the brain is so important, some anthropologists divide the difference between humans and apes into: whether the brain capacity exceeds 750 ml (there is another saying). In the process of human evolution, there have been many species, among which those with brain capacity exceeding 750 ml are called human beings, such as homo habilis and homo sapiens; Those with a brain capacity of no more than 750 ml are called "apes", such as Australopithecus.

However, in the process of human evolution, the dividing line between humans and apes was not so clear, but existed for a long time. It was only later that we artificially drew a dividing line for them, in which the first person in the human family was "able person", which appeared at 1.8 million years ago; Now we belong to late Homo sapiens, which first appeared about 200,000 years ago.

Whether homo habilis or late homo sapiens, when they appear, there is not only one individual species, they can still intermarry with people in their own population, so they will not inbreed.

The appearance of man is a gradual process. From Australopithecus to Homo habilis for more than 2 million years, two people did not suddenly appear on the earth. There are two views on this, one is that there are enough non-close relatives. Second, human ancestors did not have the concept of prenatal and postnatal care, and 100% did not have the danger of inbreeding.

The number of unrelated individuals is enough. According to the theory of evolution, people, like other creatures, are evolved. The time scale of evolution is very long, and so is the time scale of reproductive isolation between populations. For example, the descendants of early Homo sapiens who walked out of Africa for the second time and Homo erectus who walked out of Africa for the first time 654.38 million years ago can still reproduce.

About 5 million years ago, human and chimpanzee ancestors parted ways on the road of evolution. At that time, the dense forests in Africa gradually disappeared and became savanna. Australopithecus tribes lost their food sources and safe shelters, and most of them became extinct. Some Australopithecus discovered new forests and became the ancestors of chimpanzees, while others adapted to the environment by foraging for trees on the grassland. This is the ancestor of mankind-Australopithecus.

At this time, Australopithecus and chimpanzee ancestors did not appear reproductive isolation, but they were essentially the same species, but their living habits were different. Just like ancient farming civilization planted crops, nomadic people grazed horses and sheep, but they were all people.

Australopithecus later evolved into homo habilis, homo erectus, strong man and homo sapiens. There is no obvious reproductive isolation in these processes, and the number of human ancestral communities is large, which can ensure enough individuals with different genes.

Our ancestors didn't have the concept of prenatal and postnatal care, and they didn't realize the harm of consanguineous marriage until the middle of the twentieth century. Before that, consanguineous marriage was very common in Europe and China. For example, there is a popular saying in China that "cousins are cousins and relatives are relatives"; European royal families and nobles are mostly close relatives.

In 200 1 year, a scientific report published by an authoritative magazine in Australia claimed that the probability of a cousin getting married and giving birth to a deformed child was three times that of a non-relative getting married and giving birth to a sick child. Some studies have also pointed out that the probability that unrelated couples give birth to deformed children is 2%, while the probability that close relatives give birth to deformed children has only increased to 4%.

It can be seen that consanguineous marriage only greatly increases the probability of problems in offspring, which does not mean that the probability of problems will be 100%. It is rumored that Einstein, the cleverest brain in human history, was born by a cousin and cannot be verified. But Einstein himself married his cousin in 1920.

Therefore, even if there is consanguineous marriage in the tribe of human ancestors, it is not fatal to the reproduction of the race.

Of course, for us modern people, it is unbearable to advocate eugenics and pursue the quality of life, and any increase in the probability of deformity, even if it increases by 1%, so it is forbidden to marry close relatives.

To sum up, there are enough different individuals to choose from among the human ancestors on the earth; The harm of consanguineous marriage is not absolutely fatal to racial reproduction, but only increases the probability of bad individuals.