Understand gossip

Bagua is an important concept in the Confucian classic Zhouyi, also known as the "Divination Gua", which refers to the eight basic figures in Zhouyi. These hexagrams are composed of yang "-"

There are various speculations about the origin of gossip. When it comes to tying the rope to change the book, Yang represents the big knot and Yin represents the summary; Speaking of reproductive worship; On the imitation of tortoise omen in divination: one sentence represents an original text; Speaking of the arrangement of yarrow. Among them, as divination, the more reasonable statement is instrument change.

According to the Book of Changes, "the ancients were the kings of Xi's family" and "started gossip to show the virtue of the gods and treat everything well." ① During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, gossip has been associated with some specific meanings, namely: dry symbolizes heaven, light, jade, monarch, son of heaven and father; Kun symbolizes earth, silk, horse, mother, male, smooth, warm, safe, complete and thick;

Kan symbolizes water, Sichuan, the masses, husbands, labor, strength and harmony; From the symbol of fire, sun, birds, cattle, public, Hou, aunt and so on. Among them, the most important divination is Ganzhi and Kunzhi, which are compared to Yin and Yang, heaven and earth, parents and regarded as the original source of all phenomena in nature and human society.

The interpretation and study of Zhouyi in Han Dynasty was a part of divination, which formed the theory of divination. The so-called gas, according to Han Zheng Kangcheng "Yi Wei Ji Lan Tu" volume note:

"The hexagrams refer to sixty-four hexagrams, and the gas refers to the effective gas when things are used. Those who are warm, cold and turbid have their own places. " (2) That is, the Yi hexagrams should be matched with the climatic calendar, and the four directions and four seasons should be matched with the hurdle, reason, truth and society, which is called the four positive hexagrams or the four-sided blog. The twenty-four hexagrams of the four hexagrams should be matched with the twenty-four solar terms respectively, and the first hexagrams should be winter solstice, summer solstice, vernal equinox and autumn equinox respectively. Twelve hexagrams, such as Fu, Lin, Tai, Da Zhuang, Bi, Gan, Yi, Dun, Wu, Guan, Yi and Kun, are combined with December, and are called Twelve Message hexagrams or Twelve Bi hexagrams. Seventy-two hexagrams in December, seventy-two combined. Sixty-four hexagrams divided by four positive hexagrams are called sixty miscellaneous hexagrams, and sixty miscellaneous hexagrams are * * * 360, which matches 365 and a quarter days of a year. Each hexagram matches 60 and 80 days, which is called six or seven points of the world. The emergence and development of the theory of divination and qi is to predict natural and man-made disasters, and to explain what is happening and will happen with the Book of Changes. Therefore, it serves the interests entrusted by the regime to the ruling class.

After the Han Dynasty, the development of mathematics was gradually combined with numerology. Yigan Weichi has the method of Taiyi going to Jiugong, which evolved into Daoism in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, with one pole of C-D as the three unique skills, the infinite Geng Xin and Gui Ren as the six devices, and the three unique six devices were placed in Jiugong respectively, and the armor was unified, which was regarded as close to good or ill luck, thinking that it would be avoided.

Later generations' various fortune-telling techniques also cooperated with gossip and heavenly stems and earthly branches to measure people's fate. In the Han Dynasty, with the appearance of the "four acceptors" made of natural magnets, the eight diagrams cooperated with the four directions, five elements and twenty-eight lodges, forming the logical method and the shape method of Kanyu. When determining the location, orientation and orientation of a house, the gossip theory is also widely used. The popular "Eight Courtyards Mirror" in Qing Dynasty is to distinguish the residential orientation according to the Eight Diagrams, calling Gan, Dui, Gen and Kun the West Fourth Courtyard, and Li, Zhen, Xun and Kan the East Fourth Courtyard. Dongsi House can only live in people belonging to Dongsi Life, and Xisi House can only live in people belonging to Xisi Life. The layout of the rooms in the house is also inferred from the "nine planets" (that is, the hexagrams), which stipulates that doors, beds and houses should be equipped with auspicious, toilets and miscellaneous rooms should be equipped with evil parties, and so on.

After the Han Dynasty, the development of Yi Renyi's theory became an important part of China's philosophy history. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Wang Bi put forward the idea that images should be represented by images, and images should be made clear by words: "The image means meaning; The speaker is also like. " It seems that nothing is said, and it seems that nothing is said. It is believed that "touching the category can be its image, and the combination of meaning can be its sign", so people can "look for words and images" and "look for images and ideas". ③ Emphasis on explaining the mysterious meaning of hexagrams with Lao Zi's meaning. Most Neo-Confucians in Song and Ming Dynasties were critical of mathematics. Cheng Yi said: "There is an image after reason, and there is an image before counting. "Yi" is based on the understanding of images. If you get its meaning, then the image number is in it. "The duty of a Confucian is not to seek the end of poverty, but to seek the end." (4) Neo-Confucianists explain Yi-ology with moral and personnel. Zhu believes that "unlike the Book of Poetry, it tells endless truths of later generations" and that "people have to go through many major events in the world to know their own truths and be careful and correct". ⑤ He also disagreed with Cheng Yi's explanation that every hexagram was made by Yu Shun from the standpoint of civilians, pointing out that "Cheng Yi is infinite, not easy to change its original meaning". ⑥ In Zhu Wengong's Bieji, Zhu clearly proposed to combine the two methods of studying Zhouyi, that is, "I want to determine the meaning of the scripture with divination, and then release it, and its meaning can be seen gradually." ⑦ After Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the research and interpretation of "Eight Diagrams" as a symbol system is basically a continuation of the school of mathematics and the school of justice in history.

Some people think that Zhouyi has something in common with Taoism, but there is no description of gossip and various names of hexagrams in Laozi. Zhuangzi mentioned that the Book of Changes called "Yi" to guide Yin and Yang, which is a kind of "a hundred schools of thought contend". ⑧ Huainanzi in Han Dynasty described Zhouyi and called it one of the "six arts", but it had already linked the "six arts" with "Tao" and thought that "all six arts are different from other schools of thought", and it was also called in "Outlaws": "Today's" Yi "is poor to understand the righteousness, and gossip can tell the good and the bad. Pet-name ruby means people can "learn from the poor" by changing the image of gossip. There are many references to Zhouyi, Bagua, Hetao and Luoshu in Xuan Tong (Wen Zi) and later Zhen Jing (Liezi), but they are all based on the Book of Changes.

In the early Taoist Taiping Road, Yi Li's gossip was also used in Taiping Jing to "help the poor and understand righteousness". There is a formula in Volume 72 that says, "Bagua Gankun, the body of heaven and earth is also there. It is still some time before prisoners are released from prison, let alone people?" The change of eight diagrams reflects the life and death of heaven and earth, the strength and the rise and fall of young and old. Volume 1 17 "The Four Wonders of Heaven Insulting Taoism" is also called "Natural Father, Native Mother. Because the gossip spirit of six scholars and twelve scholars is a discipline, what is more important is that heaven survives and loses, which is also the merit of perseverance. "Gossip is also regarded as a discipline that changes from heaven to earth. Of course, Taiping Dao was also influenced by the theory of divination and qi in Han Dynasty, and took the theoretical absorption of divination and image change as a means to express its doctrinal thoughts. Volume 19 of "Three Things for the Yang Fire Family" says that Jiazi is the right of heaven, ugliness is the right of land, and Bingyin is the human right. "These three are the beginning of the birth of heaven and earth and the foundation of all things. Newborns are yang, and the yang is strong. Therefore, the Gangen earthquake is in the northeast, between Kanggen and Kanggen, and Yin and Yang are born in the center. " CD However, another school of early Taoism, Wudou Midao, only explained the meaning of Taoism with the idea of five elements in the remnants of the old Xiangzi Jules, and did not change from gossip to divination. Ge Hong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty said in Bao Puzi Neipian that "the Tao contains dry and broad Kun, and its origin is unknown", which means that both dry and broad hexagrams are contained in the Tao, which is the embodiment of the Tao. But Ge Hong also thinks that Yi is only "harmony of Yin and Yang", and the others are "not additive". "Good is easy" can't answer some questions between heaven and earth, such as:

According to the description in Bao Puzi's Inner Chapter, the eight diagrams symbol existed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was called "Great Ye Fu" at that time. As you can guess, at that time, some people in Taoism had deified gossip into a symbol of sending gods and ghosts. The development of Yi-ology does not seem to leave obvious traces in the process of constructing the Taoist theory system. The Yin Fu Jing says:

"A saint knows what nature can't do, so he should control it." The most peaceful way is unmatched by law and calendar. This is a wonderful thing. It's all kinds of troubles, gossiping and hiding ghosts, and yin and yang are better than each other, so it's almost like an elephant. According to Tan Qiao's "Shu Hua" in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, he also said: "Tao practices the five elements and the way of fire; The popularity is endless, and the way of water is also; Gossip turns, and the way of heaven and earth is also; " Supernatural is life, and so is the way to change. "CG As can be seen from the discussion in the important classics cited above, in the Taoist ideological system, the meaning of gossip and images always stays as a symbol of understanding and expounding the way of heaven and earth and changing things.

In the works of Taoist Inner alchemy, the image mathematics theory of Eight Diagrams has been widely used. The Taoist "King of Single Crystal" and "Zhouyi Shentongqi", written in the Eastern Han Dynasty, are a book that combines Zhouyi, Huang Lao and cultivation, and expounds the cultivation of internal cultivation and external cultivation with the theory of image number. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, inner alchemy gradually replaced outer alchemy. No matter whether it is the South School, the North School, the Middle School, the East School and the West School, most of Neidan's works use the change of gossip to explain some unspeakable problems. Li Daochun's "Zhonghe Collection" has a poem "Self-satisfaction", and the second cloud says: "Everything is law-abiding, such as dust.

Poor knowledge of physics, let go of this body and mind. Meditate everywhere and be happy with the times. Every time I get the essence of Zhouyi, the police pull everyone out. He believes that only by mastering the essence of Yi Li can we truly put down our mind and body and master the essence of "inaction" in practice.

Li Kan was originally two hexagrams with the form of "empty from the middle and full from the middle". In Neidan's cultivation works, Li Kan refers to drugs, that is, human essence, qi and spirit.

Zhu Zeng once said: "The names of' Li Kan, Fire and Water, Dragon and Tiger, Lead and Mercury' mentioned in' Magic Spirit' are just interchangeable, but in fact they are just fine. Well, so is water. Praseodymium, mercury leaves. Gas, fire also. From, tiger, lead. " The method is: it is made of essence, the yang goes down, it becomes water at first, and it is condensed into Dan by fire. The word "Book of Changes" says that "the ridge is detached from the crown, and the light shines down". CJ means that understanding and mastering the ridge is an important part of Neidan's cultivation. Only by separating the ridge from the head can the sun and moon shine brilliantly. Inner alchemist explained the truth through the divinatory symbols and their changes: without the "spirit" of inner alchemy, people's inner alchemy could not be carried out, just like the world lost its luster.

Gankun is also the name of two hexagrams, and its shape is "Gansanlian, Kunliuduan". In Neidan's works on cultivation, Gan Kun refers to a tripod, that is, the part of the human body that cultivates essence, which is roughly equivalent to the upper and lower abdomen. "Wu Zhen Zhang" says that "firstly, Gankun is the tripod, and secondly, it is cooked with black rabbit medicine", and "Gankun is placed in a furnace and transformed into a soul". CK means that knowing and mastering the refining location of Neidan is also an important part of Neidan. According to innate gossip's position, the trunk is the head, which is equivalent to the upper abdomen; Kun is the abdomen, equivalent to the lower abdomen.

Temperature is another important content that needs to be recognized and mastered in Neidan operation. "Chen Xu Bai Gui Zhongzhi" said: "Inner Dan must have three flavors, namely Xuanzang, medicine and heat." CL The ancients also said that saints spread medicine but not fire, and the temperature was never known. That is to say, alchemists regard the theory and operation of temperature as a secret, and never pass it on to outsiders. "Five True Articles" also says: "Telling the truth about a single crystal is not equal to the fire in the text." If you want to know the secret of the formula, you need the real fairy to discuss it carefully. "CM" means that the temperature is extremely difficult to express in words. Only the "true fairy" who has practiced kung fu can understand it, and outsiders can't understand it after listening or watching it. Neidan scholars also use various metaphors when talking about temperature. " The Book of Changes says, "When things go well, it will be accepted at dusk.". ND generally believes that the hexagrams combined on January 30, in addition to Kun's four hexagrams, Tunmeng refers to the day and night hexagrams of the first day. However, the Neidan family regards "sooner or later" as the law of waiting. Huang Yuanji warned his disciples in the Quotations of Yue Yutang in the Qing Dynasty: "When I saw life as the sun, when I entered the fire, I still didn't understand the real law of Chao Tunmeng in Yi Dao. In divination, Kan is the medicine on the ground, while Yang is born in Kan. The next impact is fire, and the next impact is fire.

When you are in the sun, no matter what kind of air traffic, as long as you have a little sincerity, you will bet on the tail, which is true. The former follower is not allowed to follow. He means upward. However, when he was in the right direction, he was blocked and had no choice. Naturally, the air machine rises upward. From the back to the top, it must be mud pills. This natural principle is that some people do not wait for guidance and then rise, and then lead them. What's the point of taking Mongolian meaning at dusk? There is yang in the water in Mengkan, even the medicine is in the water. There is the sun on the mountain, and the sun is a symbol of retreat, indicating that the yang in the mud pill rises. When the tablets are warm, they become nectar and water, which is the essence of yang, not the essence of yin. At this time, it is advisable to stop by when refining into gas and gasifying into Dan. It is not appropriate to carry exuberant gas like when pouring oil on the fire, so it is called Yinfu. In Xiang Yan Bu Yi, a Taoist priest in the Qing Dynasty, NE once summed up the Dan Daoism expounded by Neidan's family with divinatory images: "Every Dan Sutra borrows sixty-four hexagrams, which is the legal image of the yin symbol of yang fire. Those who take Gan Kun as the cauldron take masculinity and femininity as the body; Those who take Li Kan's two hexagrams as medicine aim at rigidity and softness. The combination of the two hexagrams is the boundary between Yin and Yang. Take both rigidity and softness, and each has its own advantages. The two hexagrams of Tunmeng are the beginning of sex, and the annealing should be fire and softness. It is not too late to use rigidity for the sake of sex, but to use softness for the sake of sex. The remaining 54 hexagrams are left with Gankunkan, and naturally the ten hexagrams are not needed. In short, yin and yang are always equal, and the two are integrated and belong to a compound image. " Liu's induction shows that the discussion of divinatory symbols in Neidan's works is not an innovation and breakthrough in the study of symbolic mathematics in Zhouyi, but at best an application of imagery mathematics in Zhouyi. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, Zhang Boduan reminded the junior students in Wuzhen: "Those who are content with this, rest for the image, learn from the group, and be loyal to the service." NG "means that those who study the inner alchemy of Dan Jing should never be too rigid in the study of image numbers, otherwise they will waste their efforts and feelings."

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