Four great inventions of ancient china's Influence on China and the World

Papermaking, especially improved by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (also known as "Cai Hou Paper"), is a revolution in writing materials. It is easy to carry and has a wide range of materials, which has promoted the cultural development of China, Arabia, Europe and even the whole world.

With words, the most important thing is to have a good carrier. The ancient Egyptians used papyrus of the Nile to describe history; In ancient Europe, people also used animal skins, such as sheepskin, for a long time to write words.

In China, before the invention of papermaking, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bamboo slips and silk were used for writing and recording in ancient times. However, Oracle bones and bamboo slips are relatively heavy, and Qin Shihuang needs a whole car to finish reading the memorial in one day.

Although silk is light, it is expensive and not suitable for writing. By the Han Dynasty, due to the rapid development of economy and culture in the Western Han Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bamboo slips could no longer meet the needs of development, thus promoting the improvement of writing tools-paper was invented.

Papermaking is an important chemical process. The invention of paper is a very valuable contribution made by China to the spread and development of human culture, a great achievement in the history of China and an important influence on the history of China.

Second, the compass.

Its invention has played an inestimable role in the development of human scientific and technological civilization. In ancient China, the compass was first used for rituals, etiquette, military affairs and divination, and to determine the orientation when looking at Feng Shui.

Third, gunpowder.

The extensive use of gunpowder and gunpowder weapons is an epoch-making progress in the history of weapons in the world, which has revolutionized the whole mode of combat! China's gunpowder promoted the course of world history.

Europeans didn't understand the function of black powder until about 13 century. After centuries of development and improvement, mainly the invention of granular gunpowder and fire cap, black gunpowder weapons gradually replaced cold weapons, which had a revolutionary impact on land tactics, siege technology and the development and tactics of naval battleships.

Fourth, printing.

During the Tang Dynasty in China, people combined seal cutting and rubbing to invent block printing. The Diamond Sutra left in the Tang Dynasty is exquisite and clear, and it is the earliest block printing with exact date in the world (868).

165438+In the Song Dynasty in the middle of the 20th century, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing, which made printing widely popular. Engraving printing in China spread from Arabia to Europe after 1 1 century.

It spread to Egypt in about 12 century. With the spread of papermaking, paper replaced papyrus in Egypt, leaves in India and sheepskin in Europe, which triggered a great change in the world's writing materials. From 14 to 15 century, printing became popular in Europe.

The earliest block printing with an exact date in Europe is The Portrait of Saint Christopher in Nande (1423), which is about 600 years later than that in China.

/kloc-around 0/450, influenced by Chinese movable type printing, Germans created movable type printing with European phonetic symbols to print books, which was 400 years later than Bi Sheng.

After printing spread to Europe, it changed the situation that only monks could study and receive higher education, and provided important material conditions for the rapid development of science in Europe after the long night of the Middle Ages and the emergence of the Renaissance Movement.

Extended data:

The four great inventions are a series of glorious footprints left by China's ancient ancestors to the world, and they are symbols of great contributions made by human civilization and progress.

(1) the invention of papermaking: it provided economical and convenient writing materials for human beings and set off a revolution of human writing carrier;

The invention of block printing greatly promoted the spread of culture;

(3) The invention of the compass provided conditions for the navigation activities of European navigators;

(4) Invention of gunpowder weapons: The use of gunpowder weapons changed the way of fighting, helped the European bourgeoisie to destroy feudal fortresses and accelerated the historical process in Europe.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Four Inventions