Land management after the founding of New China

At present, China implements socialist public ownership of land, the main forms of which are socialist ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the socialist working people. These two forms of ownership are gradually formed through a series of social changes.

1In September, 947, the National Land Conference convened by the Central Committee formulated and passed the Outline of China Land Law in Xibaipo, Shijiazhuang City, which clearly stated that "the land system exploited by feudalism and semi-feudalism should be abolished and the land system of land to the tiller should be implemented." The outline stipulates: "The land of all landlords in the village, regardless of gender, shall be equally distributed according to the total population of the village. Big forests, big water conservancy, big mines, big pastures, big wasteland and lakes and marshes are all managed by the government. "

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), according to the Program of China People's Political Consultative Conference and the Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China promulgated in 1950, the land seized and confiscated by imperialism, bureaucratic capitalism, reactionary Kuomintang government, war criminals, traitors and counter-revolutionaries was owned by the state. Since then, through socialist transformation, urban real estate owned by capitalist industry and commerce, private real estate companies and private real estate owners has gradually changed into state ownership. The Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) promulgated by 1982 stipulates: "Urban land belongs to the state." In addition, the state also nationalized part of the collective land through land acquisition for construction.

China's collective land was gradually completed through land reform, agricultural cooperation and other movements. After the promulgation of the Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China from 65438 to 0950, the land reform movement was launched. After the land reform, the feudal land ownership was completely destroyed and the peasant land ownership was established. After the completion of the land reform, in order to prevent the re-emergence of polarization, the China * * * Production Party promptly guided farmers to embark on the road of agricultural cooperation. The successful completion of agricultural cooperation marks the transformation of rural land from individual ownership of farmers to collective ownership of socialist working people.

With the recovery and development of economy, the work of land requisition and demolition is increasingly put on the agenda. During the 30 years from 1949 to 1979 in Shijiazhuang, the civil affairs departments were basically responsible for land requisition and allocation. 1979~ 1984 shall be the responsibility of the Municipal Construction Committee. 1984 to 1986, urban construction and agriculture departments are in charge of urban and rural areas. The method of land management by departments has lasted for decades and played a great role in various construction undertakings in Shijiazhuang. However, this mode of land management by departments also has some disadvantages, which are becoming more and more obvious. With the rapid development of the construction industry, this management mode has not adapted to the needs of the situation.

1986 after the promulgation and implementation of the Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China, the State Administration of Land was established specifically for the State Council, which is the competent department of land management in China, while the land management institutions of other departments were cancelled. Subsequently, the people's governments at all levels in Shijiazhuang, like the whole country, gradually established corresponding land management institutions to exercise the land management entrusted by the people's government.

Shijiazhuang Land Management Bureau was established in March, 1987. In just a few years, with the support of governments at all levels and higher authorities, we have done a lot of work and achieved achievements that are difficult to achieve with decentralized management.

In 2009, according to the Notice of the General Office of Hebei Provincial Party Committee and the General Office of Hebei Provincial People's Government on Printing and Distributing (J.B.Zi. [2009] No.46) and the Notice of Shijiazhuang Municipal People's Government on the Establishment of Municipal Government Institutions (Shi [2009] No.40), the Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources was established as the working department of the municipal government. At present, the Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources has set up a complete management department to undertake the following functions in daily work:

(1) Take the responsibility of protecting and rationally utilizing the city's natural resources such as land resources and mineral resources. Organize the formulation of land and resources development planning, carry out the analysis of land and resources economic situation, study and put forward policy suggestions on the balance between supply and demand of land and resources, participate in the research on macroeconomic operation, regional coordination and urban-rural overall planning, and formulate regulatory policies and measures involving land and resources. Formulate and organize the implementation of land planning, formulate and organize the implementation of policies and measures for resource conservation and intensive utilization and circular economy in the field of land and resources.

(2) Responsible for regulating the order of land and resources management in the city. Implement laws and regulations on land resources and surveying and mapping management, and study and formulate draft local regulations and government regulations on land resources, mineral resources and surveying and mapping management. Guide the county (city) land and resources administrative law enforcement, investigate and deal with illegal cases of land and resources.

(3) Take the responsibility of optimizing the allocation of land resources in the whole city. Prepare and organize the implementation of special plans and plans such as the overall land use plan, the annual land use plan, and the land consolidation and reclamation development plan. Guide and review the overall land use planning of counties (cities) and townships (towns), organize the preparation of plans for mineral resources, geological exploration, geological environment, and related special plans for prevention and control of geological disasters and mine environmental protection, and supervise and inspect the implementation.

(4) Responsible for regulating the management of land and resources ownership in the whole city. Protect the legitimate rights and interests of owners and users of natural resources such as land resources and mineral resources according to law, organize mediation of major ownership disputes, guide land ownership, undertake the collection, collation, sharing and exchange management of various land registration materials, and provide social inquiry services.

(5) Take the responsibility of farmland protection in the whole city. Formulate and implement the relevant provisions on farmland protection in this Municipality, organize the implementation of the basic farmland protection system, and supervise the implementation of the compensation system for occupied farmland. Supervise and guide the development of unused land, land consolidation, land reclamation and cultivated land development. Organize the implementation of land use control, agricultural land conversion and land expropriation and requisition, and undertake the examination and approval of all kinds of land used by the State Council, the provincial government and the municipal government.

(6) Responsible for providing all kinds of data of land use in the whole city. Organize the implementation of the national cadastral management measures, and organize land resources survey, cadastral survey, land statistics, dynamic monitoring, registration and land grading.

(7) Take the responsibility of saving and intensive use of land resources in the whole city. Responsible for the supervision and management of urban and rural construction land supply, government land reserve, land development and economical and intensive utilization. Formulate and organize the implementation of management measures such as assignment, lease, pricing and transfer of land use rights in accordance with regulations, establish a system of government publicized land prices such as benchmark land prices and demarcated land prices, and supervise and manage the circulation of rural collective construction land use rights jointly with relevant departments. Implement the catalogue of land allocated by the state to prohibit and restrict the supply, and undertake the audit of the state-owned land assets plan of the restructured enterprises submitted to the State Council, the provincial government and the municipal government for approval.

(8) to assume the responsibility of regulating the market order of land and resources in the city. Monitor the land market and the utilization of construction land, supervise land prices, standardize and supervise the mining rights market, organize and supervise the exploration and mining activities of mining rights holders, standardize and supervise social intermediary organizations related to land and resources, and investigate and deal with illegal acts according to law.

(9) Responsible for the development and management of mineral resources in the city. Manage the examination and approval, registration and transfer of mining rights in accordance with the prescribed authority, assist the Provincial Department of Land and Resources to be responsible for the management of national and provincial planned mining areas and mining areas of great value to the national economy, undertake the total mining control and related management of specific minerals and protective mining dominant minerals, and organize the formulation and implementation of mining rights setting plans.

(10) is responsible for the geological exploration industry and mineral resources reserve management in the city. Organize the implementation of geological survey and evaluation, mineral resources exploration, manage geological exploration projects, and assist in the management of geological exploration qualifications, geological data and geological exploration results.

(1 1) undertakes the responsibility of geological environment protection in the whole city. Organize the implementation of mine geological environmental protection, supervise and manage important protected areas and places such as paleontological fossils, geological relics and mining relics, participate in the exploration and evaluation of hydrogeology, engineering geology and environmental geology, participate in the monitoring and supervision to prevent over-exploitation and pollution of groundwater, and organize the exploration and evaluation of urban geology, agricultural geology and tourism geology.

(12) Take responsibility for the prevention and control of geological disasters in the whole city. Guide emergency response, organize, coordinate, guide and supervise the implementation of geological disaster prevention and control, and formulate and organize the implementation of emergency plans for land and resources emergencies such as geological disasters.

(13) Collect resource income according to law, standardize and supervise the use of funds, and formulate measures for the participation of land and mineral resources in economic regulation and control in the whole city. Organize the collection and management of special income from land and mineral resources according to law, cooperate with relevant departments to formulate income distribution system, and guide and supervise the collection and use of land consolidation and reclamation development funds. Participate in the management of land, minerals and other resources and assets, participate in the management of mining rights and interests formed by state investment, and be responsible for the budget and finance of related funds and funds, and the management and supervision of assets.

(14) Formulate municipal basic surveying and mapping plans and annual plans and organize their implementation; Responsible for organizing and managing city-level basic surveying and mapping, administrative boundary surveying and mapping, cadastral surveying and mapping and other city-wide or major surveying and mapping projects and emergency protection surveying and mapping projects; Responsible for the city's surveying and mapping management according to regulations, responsible for the supervision and management of the surveying and mapping market and the quality of surveying and mapping results, and managing the city's basic geographic information data and social services according to law; Responsible for the collection, storage, provision and utilization of surveying and mapping results; Organize the implementation of map management and scientific and technological innovation in surveying and mapping.

(15) to organize the formulation of plans and plans for the scientific and technological development of land and resources and personnel training in the whole city, and promote the informationization of land and resources and the public service of information materials. Carry out foreign cooperation and exchanges.

(16) Manage the leading bodies and leading cadres of the county (city) Land and Resources Bureau in accordance with relevant regulations.

(17) To undertake other tasks assigned by the municipal government.

According to the above responsibilities, Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources has the following land management offices:

Policy and regulation department. Organize the drafting of local laws and government regulations on land resources, mineral resources and surveying and mapping management in the city, organize the study of major issues of land resources and formulate relevant policies; To undertake the legality audit of regulatory documents of organs and promote the administration of land and resources industry according to law; Organize publicity, education and training of relevant laws and regulations; To undertake the related work of administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation; To undertake the reform of administrative examination and approval system, suggestions of NPC deputies and proposals of CPPCC members; Responsible for law enforcement files evaluation, policy consultation and misjudged cases, law enforcement fault investigation.

Planning office. To analyze the economic situation of land resources in the whole city, put forward policy suggestions on the balance between supply and demand of land resources, and participate in the research on macroeconomic operation and related reforms; Organize the preparation of the city's and regional land planning, the overall land use planning and the overall planning of mineral resources, and the special planning of land development, consolidation and reclamation, and guide and review the relevant planning of land and resources; Formulate land supply policies; Review the county (city) land use planning and basic farmland protection, land reclamation, land consolidation, unused land development and other special planning; To draw up an annual plan for land use; Responsible for the pre-examination of land for construction projects; Undertake comprehensive statistics and professional statistics; Responsible for the scientific and technological work of land and resources.

Farmland protection office. To formulate the relevant provisions of the city's basic farmland protection, special farmland protection, cultivated land reclamation, land consolidation, land reclamation, unused land development and agricultural land conversion, and organize their implementation; Responsible for the supervision and management of the balance project of cultivated land occupation and compensation, and guide and supervise the land development and reclamation; Organize the establishment, inspection and acceptance of cultivated land development; The implementation of the city's basic farmland protection work, undertake the relevant work of farmland protection responsibility target assessment; Implement farmland use control; Draw up the plan of supplementary cultivated land, review the plan of agricultural land conversion and land acquisition, adjust the standard of compensation and resettlement fees for land acquisition, and organize the implementation.

Cadastral management office. Responsible for the city's cadastral management; Formulate cadastral management measures; Organize the city's land resources survey, dynamic monitoring, cadastral ownership survey and change survey; To undertake the arrangement, sharing and exchange management of all kinds of land registration materials; Responsible for the registration and certification of urban state-owned land use rights and rural collective land; Organize mediation of land ownership disputes; Responsible for the construction of the city's cadastral information system.

Land use management office. Responsible for the allocation, transfer, lease, pricing and recovery of state-owned land use rights; Responsible for the formulation, examination and approval of the land supply plan for specific construction projects, and organize their implementation; Responsible for the management of land assets at the city level, and do a good job in the disposal of land assets of restructured enterprises in conjunction with relevant departments; Guide the land acquisition and reserve work; Responsible for land replacement; Manage the tangible land market, carry out research on the land market and strengthen the supervision and management of the land market; Release the supply information and land price information of construction land; Organize and guide the revision and evaluation of benchmark land price and calibrated land price; Standardize the management of land evaluation market; Responsible for the management of rural residential land in urban areas, and supervise and manage the circulation of rural collective construction land use rights in conjunction with relevant departments.

Law Enforcement Supervision Office (Letters and Calls Office). Responsible for supervising and inspecting the implementation of national laws and regulations on land, minerals and surveying and mapping; To formulate the relevant provisions of the city's land and resources, surveying and mapping law enforcement supervision, and organize the investigation and punishment of illegal cases of land, minerals and surveying and mapping according to law; Organize supervision and inspection of land planning, agricultural land conversion, land requisition, land asset disposal, land use right transaction and land registration; Responsible for the supervision and inspection of illegal acts of land and resources management in the regional system, responsible for receiving and handling letters and visits from the masses and doing a good job in supervision and inspection.

Surveying and mapping management office. To formulate municipal basic surveying and mapping plans and annual plans and organize their implementation; Responsible for organizing and managing city-level basic surveying and mapping, administrative boundary surveying and mapping, cadastral surveying and mapping and other city-wide or major surveying and mapping projects and emergency protection surveying and mapping projects; Responsible for surveying and mapping qualification management in accordance with the regulations, responsible for the supervision and management of the surveying and mapping market and the quality of surveying and mapping results, and managing the city's basic geographic information data and social services according to law; Supervise and manage foreign organizations and individuals to come to Shijiazhuang for surveying and mapping; Responsible for the collection, storage, provision and utilization of surveying and mapping results; Supervise the construction and maintenance of surveying and mapping infrastructure, and manage the surveying markers of the whole city; Organize the implementation of map management and scientific and technological innovation in surveying and mapping.

Through the continuous efforts of various departments of Shijiazhuang Land and Resources Bureau, the following main achievements have been made in land management:

First, through the planned management of land, the unhealthy trend of indiscriminate occupation and abuse of land has been basically stopped, and the momentum of sharp decline in cultivated land has been suppressed; Second, the non-agricultural land occupation was carefully cleaned up, and the illegal land occupation was dealt with according to different situations; Thirdly, the present situation of land use was investigated. Through investigation, the area, distribution and ownership of all kinds of land in Shijiazhuang city were found out, and the land base was found out. Fourth, the declaration of urban state-owned land was carried out, and the land status of users was clarified; Fifth, the overall land use planning at the county and municipal levels has been completed, and the land use relationship between various departments of the national economy has been coordinated, and the land use of various departments has been well allocated in time, space and scale; Six, in order to further standardize and cultivate a healthy land market, strengthen the management of land resources and assets, establish and improve the land price management system in Shijiazhuang, according to the provisions of the Ministry of Land and Resources on updating the benchmark land price, combined with Shijiazhuang's economic development and urban construction, with the approval of the government, the benchmark land price of urban state-owned land use rights was updated; Seventh, vigorously develop and utilize wasteland, barren slopes and barren slopes, increase the area of cultivated land, forest land and garden land, and alleviate the contradiction of Shijiazhuang's population and land shortage to some extent; Eighth, the establishment of basic farmland protection areas, in order to implement the work, counties and cities have formulated basic farmland protection regulations, and towns have formulated township rules and regulations.