202 1 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry

The winner of the 20021Nobel Prize in Chemistry was once considered as the "Science Comprehensive Award" because he rewarded a lot of work that transcended chemistry in the past. At present, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 1 12 times, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 20021year.

202 1 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry 1 According to official website, the results of the 20021Nobel Prize in chemistry were announced at 7: 45 Beijing time1October 6 17: 45. The Royal Swedish Academy Science Award was announced by German scientist Benjamin Liszt and American scientist David W. They were awarded the 202 1 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their important contributions to asymmetric catalysis of small organic molecules.

Source: social media

Who are these two scientists?

According to public information, Beniamin Lister was born in Frankfurt, 1968, a German chemist. He studied chemistry at the Free University of Berlin, and received his doctorate from the University of Frankfurt on 1997. Later, he did postdoctoral research at Scripps Institute in the United States and stayed as an assistant professor. Since 2003, Liszt has joined Max Planck Coal Research Institute and was promoted to professor in 2005.

Beniamin Lister, mainly engaged in organic catalysis and synthesis, is one of the pioneers in the field of asymmetric organic catalysis. He developed a new asymmetric catalysis model: asymmetric catalysis guided by chiral counteranions. Chirality is the relationship between left hand and right hand, which can be mirrored in space but not completely overlapped.

Beni Amin Liszt (left) and David Macmillan (right) (Source: Reuters)

David Macmillan, 1968 was born in Scotland, an American organic chemist and a professor at Princeton University. 2065 438+00-2065 438+05 served as the head of the Department of Chemistry.

Macmillan chose to leave Britain after receiving a bachelor's degree in chemistry from Glasgow University. He went to the United States and began his doctoral research under the guidance of Professor Larry Gaufman of the University of California, Irvine, and received his doctorate at 1996.

1In July, 998, Macmillan started his independent research career as a member of the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley. In June 2000, he joined the Department of Chemistry of California Institute of Technology, and he and his team focused their research interests on new methods of enantioselective catalysis.

Macmillan's research group has made a lot of progress in the field of asymmetric organic catalysis and applied these new methods to the synthesis of a series of complex natural products.

What is asymmetric catalysis of small organic molecules?

In the past, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was considered as a "comprehensive prize" because it rewarded a lot of work that transcended chemistry. But this year, it rewarded "asymmetric catalysis of small organic molecules". Many people, especially chemists, think that this is a return to traditional chemistry.

Building molecules is a difficult art. Beniamin Lister and David Macmillan have developed a new precise tool for building molecules: organic catalysis. According to CNN, Pernilla Witton-Staffshedd, a member of the Nobel Prize Committee for Chemistry, said that their discovery "created a new thinking mode for how to' assemble' chemical molecules".

"This new' toolbox' is now widely used in various fields, such as drug discovery and fine chemicals production, and it has also greatly benefited mankind." Viton-Staffshedd added.

From storing energy in batteries to inhibiting the deterioration of diseases, every aspect of life is inseparable from the structure of molecules. This work needs a catalyst, which can control and accelerate the chemical reaction, but it will not become the final part of the product.

According to the report, researchers have always believed that there are only two kinds of catalysts: metals and enzymes. In 2000, Liszt and Macmillan discovered the third catalyst, also known as asymmetric organic catalysis.

It is understood that in the past 20 years, this new catalyst has been applied in many fields, including the molecules used to manufacture new drugs and capture light in solar cells. The Nobel Prize Committee for Chemistry praised them for "bringing great benefits to mankind".

Screenshot of related reports (Source: CNN)

CNN reported that Liszt was having coffee with his wife in a coffee shop when he received a call from the Nobel Committee. Liszt said: "At that time, there was a phone call from Sweden on my mobile phone screen. I looked at my wife, and my wife looked at me. The next second I ran out of the coffee shop. You know, it's really amazing and special. "

202 1 2 List of Nobel Prize winners in chemistry in recent 6 years

2020-French and American scientists Emmanuel Chappentier and Jennifer A. Dudner win the prize for "developing a genome editing method".

20 19 —— Three scientists from the United States and Japan, John B. Goodnow, M. Stanley Whitlingham and akira Yoshino, won the prize for their "contribution to the development of lithium-ion batteries".

2065 438+08—— American scientist Francis H. Arnold won the prize for "Research on the Directed Evolution of Enzymes"; The other two winners were George P. Smith of the United States and Sir Gregory P. Winter of the United Kingdom, in recognition of their "research on phage display technology of peptides and antibodies".

20 17 —— Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson, three scientists from Switzerland, the United States and the United Kingdom, won the prize for "developing a cryomicroscope for high-resolution determination of biomolecule structure in solution".

20 16 —— Three French, American and Dutch scientists, Jean-Pierre Sauvage, J Fraser stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa, won the "Design and Synthesis of molecular machines" prize.

20 15 —— Three scientists from Sweden, the United States and Turkey, tomas lindahl, paul modrich and Aziz Sancar, won the prize for their research on DNA repair mechanism.

The nobel prize in chemistry

-By 2020, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded 1 12 times, and the eight years that have not been awarded are 19 16, 19 17 and19/kloc.

-190 1 From 2020, * *186 people won the prize, and the actual number of winners was 185 people, because the British scientist frederick sanger won the prize twice in 1958 and 1980.

-1 12 awards, 63 were won by individuals, 24 by two people and 25 by three people.

-The youngest winner is French scientist Fré dé ric Iorio. He and his wife Irène Joliot-Curie won the prize in 1935 for "synthesizing new radioactive elements" at the age of 35.

The oldest winner is American scientist John B. Goodnow, who won the "Contribution to the Development of Lithium-ion Batteries" award at the age of 97 in 20 19. He is also by far the oldest Nobel Prize winner.

-Among 185 Nobel Prize winners in chemistry, 7 are women. Madame Curie of 19 1 1 (Madame Curie of 1903 also won the physics prize), Elaine Joliot-Curie of 1935, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin of 19 64 and Ada of 2009. Francis h Arnold 20 18, Emmanuel Shapontier and Jennifer a dudner 2020.