Marriage customs of Han nationality?

The marriage customs of the Han nationality have rich national characteristics and a long history. From ancient times to the present, look at the marriage cu

The marriage customs of the Han nationality have rich national characteristics and a long history. From ancient times to the present, look at the marriage customs of the Han nationality. I'll sort out the relevant content for you, I hope you like it!

The marriage custom of the Han nationality, that is, monogamy now, abolished polygamy practiced by the feudal ruling class in the past, as well as the vulgar custom of marrying and renting wives.

In the past, the marriage of Han nationality was decided by "parents' orders and matchmakers' words". Specifically, the matchmaker took * * * to the woman's house to explain the intention of proposing marriage, asked the name * * * asked the woman's birthday * * *, Najib * * * good or bad, engaged * * * *. Except for the last procedure, it is extremely unreasonable to enter into marriage without young men and women.

Han ancestors thought dusk was auspicious, so they would get married at dusk, so the etiquette of combining husband and wife was called "faint ceremony", which later evolved into a wedding. Han people think red is a symbol of good luck, so traditional wedding customs always use big red to set off a festive and warm atmosphere. Auspicious, blessing and filial piety have become the main theme of the wedding, and almost every etiquette in the wedding is permeated with the philosophy of China people.

According to legend, the earliest marriage relationship and wedding of Han nationality began with the marriage system of Fu and the matchmaking of Nu Wa. As "Jing Hua Yuan Wai Ji" said: "There was no difference between men and women in ancient times, and Tai Hao began to set up a wedding ceremony, with the skin of the couple as the gift." Since then, Lippi has become one of the classic wedding gifts. After that, in addition to the "wedding ceremony", we must also "tell our parents"; During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, there were festivals of "before welcoming the court" and "before welcoming the court". The Zhou Dynasty was an era of etiquette. At that time, a complete set of wedding etiquette was gradually formed. There are detailed regulations in "Yili", which combine the whole set of rituals into "six rituals". From then on, the making of the six-ceremony wedding became the template of the traditional wedding in China.

This ancient marriage process is a little different from the modern meaning. Modern marriage process generally refers to the etiquette held on the wedding day, and the marriage process of three books and six rituals includes documents and etiquette from marriage talk, engagement to marriage. Similar to modern times, the whole traditional marriage customs and etiquette are informed to relatives and neighbors in order to gain social recognition and protection. In addition, traditional marriage customs and etiquette enable married couples to gain the recognition of their ancestors and promise to fulfill their rights and obligations to their parents and relatives. Therefore, in some ancient times, marriage would not be recognized as married unless men and women completed the process of three books and six rituals; Whether the wedding ceremony is complete directly affects the auspiciousness of marriage. However, in different dynasties in China, wedding customs and etiquette are also different.

Now that parents' arranged marriage has been cancelled, young men and women meet and fall in love directly, and then seek their parents' opinions and go through the legal formalities of marriage registration. The wedding ceremony also abolished the old customs, and the bride no longer sat in a sedan chair, and the newlyweds no longer worshipped. The new wedding was grand and warm, with speeches from elders and congratulations from relatives and friends, and ended in the form of music, dance or tea party. Some tourists get married, and both of them go out to visit famous mountains and rivers and places of interest, which not only increases their knowledge, but also cultivates their sentiments.

Traditional marriage customs of Han nationality:

1. "Three Books": According to the traditional etiquette of the Han nationality, it refers to the documents exchanged in the process of employment, that is, the "letter of appointment"-the letter of appointment, which is exchanged at the time of engagement; "Gift Book"-a list of gifts, which lists the types and quantities of gifts in detail and will be exchanged when giving gifts; "Wedding Book"-a book for marrying the bride, which is used when picking up the bride on the wedding day.

Two, "Six Rites" are six kinds of etiquette in the process of marriage, which refer to:

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When the children get married, the parents of the man's family ask the matchmaker to propose marriage to the found woman's family. When accepting gifts, the man's family needs to send about 30 kinds of auspicious gifts to the woman's family; The woman's family also asked the matchmaker about the man's family at this time. Marriage customs of ancient Han nationality. It is very popular in many parts of the country. The first of the "Six Rites". The man wants to marry the woman, and the man sends a matchmaker to the woman's house to propose marriage as a gift. After being accepted, please ask the matchmaker to formally accept the bride's "spouse selection ceremony". After preliminary discussion, if the woman is interested, the man sends a matchmaker to formally propose to the woman's family and carries a certain gift, so it is called. Goose is the only gift from Gunnar Chua Li. Na is the beginning of all marriage programs. The ceremony of accepting gifts in later generations basically follows the weekly system, while gifts have other provisions. Yi Li Shi's Faint Rites: "Faint Rites, Order to Receive Gifts. Use geese. " Zheng Xuan's Note: "If you want to marry him, you must first let the media know what you said, and then let him know what he said, and the woman allows it, and then let people accept it." Its gift is a goose. Later generations gradually added gifts. In the Ming Dynasty, Chen Yan and her gifts were in the hall. In Qing Dynasty, Chen Yi, a wedding guest, was invited into the palace, and the book was fatal. The person who presided over the ceremony received the book and sued the guests of the temple. The number of jewels collected by ordinary people is limited to four. At the beginning of Yongzheng, custom-made, * * * married, more than four products, limited to eight products of silks and satins and jewelry, limited to ten products of food. Less than five years old, less than eight years old. Dual-use? There are only four boxes of silk and fruit. On the day of the official wedding, the official deacons were used, and 12 people carried lights and drums. Next to the official, there are eight people, with lights and drums. It is forbidden to waste money, and all officials and people are not allowed to use the gift cloud.

Q. Name

That is, after the woman's parents accept the proposal, the woman's family will bring her daughter's age to the man's family, so that men and women are right and good luck will be good.

The second ceremony of "Six Rites" in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The ceremony of "asking the name" was first seen in Yili: "Marriage has six ceremonies, namely, accepting the gift, asking the name, taking a concubine, accepting the levy, inviting the party, and welcoming the relatives." He also said: "Ask the name: whoever asks the name will have good or bad luck." "Book of Rites Fang Zhu" also said: "If you ask your name, ask your mother's name." When asking names, use geese as gifts. "White Tiger Biography" Volume 4 "Marriage" said: "Take talents, ask names, take luck, invite parties, and greet the wedding with geese. Zheng Na said Meng Xuan, so there is no need for geese. " After the ceremony, the man asked the matchmaker to ask the woman's name, date and time of birth, so that the man could ask whether he was married and whether it was good or bad. Or think that asking the name is the man's messenger asking the woman's birth mother's surname, so as to distinguish between true and false. After asking the name, the scope of the bag expanded to family status, position, property, appearance, health and many other aspects. When you ask your name, you must bring a gift, usually a goose. Betel nut is often used as a gift for ethnic minorities in Hainan, Guangdong and southwest China. The woman's wedding card and the man's birthday were divined, and it was confirmed that they could get married before the Naji ceremony. Marriage etiquette is the second of the six rites. In other words, the man sent a matchmaker to the woman's house to ask her name and birthday. After getting Geng Tie back, Buji folded his character. "Ceremony of the Soul": "What's your name, Bin Zhi Yan? Master Xu, guest admission. " Zheng Xuan's note: "Anyone who asks his name will have good or bad luck." Jia Gong Yan Shu: "If you ask your first name, ask your female surname."

Najib

* * * Also known as Guo * * *: After receiving the Geng Tie, it will be placed in front of the gods or ancestors to ask good or bad luck to confirm that the characters of the two sides do not conflict. After learning that there are no signs of contradiction between the two sides, they have initially agreed to get married.

Zheng Na

* * * also known as * * *: that is, the man's family gives the letter of appointment and the gift book to the woman's family. One month to two weeks before the wedding, the man's family will invite two or four female relatives who must be fully blessed to make an appointment with the matchmaker and bring the bride price, gift money and dowry to the woman's family; At this point, the woman needs to return the gift. Conscription: Marriage custom of ancient Han nationality. It is very popular in many parts of the country. The fourth ceremony in the "Six Rites". Also known as "South City". That is, Naji, the male family, sends dowry to the female family. Confucius' Book of Rites Ying Da: "Those who take the levy also take money. Sign, into also. Hire money before getting married. " After this ceremony, the engagement was completely established. Marriage customs of ancient Han nationality. It is very popular in many parts of the country. The fourth ceremony in the "Six Rites". Also known as "South City". That is, Naji, the male family, sends dowry to the female family. Confucius' Book of Rites Ying Da: "Those who take the levy also take money. Sign, into also. Hire money before getting married. " After this ceremony, the engagement was completely established. Eleven notes in the Book of Jin: "In the eighth year of Taikang, a minister played: marriage, marriage, silk, knighthood, and Ma Eryi. Princes gathered silks, added treasures and rode horses. The doctor is silk and Meng Xuan, plus sheep. " Gifts used in the Song Dynasty no longer follow Zhou Zhi, gold, silver, silk and silks, each according to its grade. The dowry in Ming Dynasty advocated frugality. "Thirty-one Records of the Ming Dynasty" official wedding: "Take the sign as a auspicious instrument, add a mysterious book, tie silk, write letters, and don't use geese." The ceremony follows the Song system: "The guest said: An official pays more attention to a couple and follows the ceremony. If you have money, don't shy away, dare to ask. " The person who presided over the wedding said, "An official should get a heavy gift, but some people dare not accept it." The guest should give a letter to the married person, and the married person should also give a letter. "In modern times, there is no name" Zheng Na ",but there is a gift, or it is combined with Nacai, or more called Nabi. 1920 yingshan county annals: "in ancient times, there were six weddings, namely, receiving gifts, asking names, receiving gifts, inviting parties and welcoming people. Today, we only use gifts and coins. "

Invitation date

* * * Also known as Begging Day * * *: That is, the man chooses an auspicious day to get married with the consent of the woman.

Meet sb. in person

* * * or wedding reception * * *: On an auspicious wedding day, the groom in full dress will go to the bride's house with the matchmaker, relatives and friends. Before the groom goes to the woman's house, he needs to go to the ancestral temple of the woman's house and then send the bride to the man's house in a sedan chair. After the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven, land and ancestors, the male family was sent to the bridal chamber.

Wedding customs of Han nationality:

Change genealogy: the family of the man and the woman exchange genealogy as evidence of engagement. After the matchmaker proposes marriage, if the characters of men and women do not conflict, the two sides will change the Geng spectrum.

Gifts: The man will choose an auspicious day and bring some gifts to the woman's house. Gifts are generally three sacrifices, wine gifts, etc. , and formally issued a letter of appointment. "Guo Wen Ding" will be followed by the "Guo Da Li" ceremony, which is the most grand and important engagement ceremony. Because after this ceremony, it's like a formal engagement. Like Guo, men will choose an auspicious day and bring the same dowry and various gifts to the woman's home; And the woman's family will also prepare gifts in return. Gifts are even to get the meaning of "yes man".

Bedding: A few days before the wedding, choose an auspicious day, make bedding and sheets on the new bed, then spread a dragon and phoenix quilt and sprinkle all kinds of happy fruits, such as peanuts, red dates, longan and lotus seeds. In other words, the couple will have a baby early. Those who lift the bed, make the bed, and sprinkle happy fruits are all carefully selected "lucky"-parents are alive, brothers and sisters are complete, marriage is harmonious, and children are in pairs. Naturally, I hope that such people can bring good luck to the newcomers.

Dowry: The dowry of a woman's family is a symbol of her family status and wealth. The dowry will be delivered to the in-laws at the latest the day before the wedding. In addition to clothes and ornaments, dowry is mainly a good omen, such as scissors, which means Hu Die and Qi Fei; Spiton, also known as the children's fight; Vase, meaning flowers bloom with wealth; Shoes mean growing old together; Feet, meaning fertile land and so on. Of course, customs and pay attention to different places.

Makeup urging: It is a ceremony that the man's family sends someone to bring gifts to urge the woman's family to make up the bride as soon as possible. In the Song Dynasty, three days before the wedding, the male family would give the female family ornaments, gold hijabs and flower fans, and the female family would use gold and silver to win over the royal family, Hualuopu heads, green robes and boots.

Makeup delivery: A few days before the wedding, the woman's family sent someone to deliver the dowry to the man's family. Dowry is often packed in boxes, and some people spread it out with the square table to show off their dowry and send it to the man's house in a row. Dowry usually includes boxes, bedding, jewelry, clothes, silks and satins, Four Treasures of the Study and gold and silver utensils, as well as fields, houses, shops and pawn shops. In Zhejiang area, there is a kind of * * * bucket called "descendants bucket" in the dowry, with a big lid, which is used by the bride when she gives birth to a child. The bucket contains red eggs and happy fruit, which is called "giving away children" and means blessing. In Shaoxing area, there is "daughter wine" as a dowry, that is, after the daughter is full moon or a few years old, that is, several winemaking jars are buried in the ground and taken out as dowry gifts for the man's family on the day of her marriage.

Above: Pre-marriage ceremony for both men and women. It is also a good day to choose. Men and women comb their hair in their own homes and say loudly at the same time: comb it to the end, comb it to Qi Mei with white hair, comb it to the children and grandchildren, and comb it to four silver bamboo shoots. "Climbing to the top" is a very exquisite ceremony. Comb your hair with a new comb, and the person who helps "the top" must be a "full-blessed person", that is, this person is a person with six relatives and a house full of children.

Weeping marriage: According to the Book of Rites, "Confucius said: Marry a woman's family, stay in the candle for three nights, and think about parting." In ancient times, it was difficult for a daughter to see her family after she got married because of the inconvenient modern transportation. In fact, married women can't go back to their parents' homes to visit relatives at any time, as they do today, and they need the consent of their husband's family. In addition, some people say that crying marriage originated from the fact that ancient women could not marry freely, so they would use the song of crying marriage to accuse the unfair marriage system in ancient times.

Going out: Going out means that the bride leaves her family. At the auspicious time, the woman must be carried on the sedan chair by Sister Daikin. It is said that it will bring bad luck if the bride lands on her feet. When going out, the bride's sister-in-law is not allowed to send it away. This is because the word "sister-in-law" is homophonic, so people believe that going out to send her away will bring bad luck. When the bride goes out, the bridesmaid holds up a red umbrella to protect the bride, which means spreading her branches and leaves. While walking, Sister Dajin and other sisters sprinkled rice on the sky, the roof of the umbrella and the roof of the flower car to "feed the golden rooster", which means that the chicken will not peck the bride after pecking the rice. Finally, before boarding the float, the bride will bow to her relatives and friends to show her gratitude.

Take a red umbrella: On the wedding day, the bride's sister or maid of honor helps her stand outdoors. Sisters or bridesmaids hold a red umbrella on the bride's head, which means "spreading branches and leaves" and scattering rice to the sky and the top of the umbrella.

Hijab: Brides usually cover their heads with a three-foot square red scarf. This kind of red scarf is called "hijab", commonly known as hijab. There are generally two opinions about the wedding custom of hijab: one thinks that hijab is to hide shame; There is also a saying that originated from predatory marriage in ancient times, which means that the bride can never find her way back after covering her head.

Wedding: In ancient times, the man had to attend the wedding. "Greeting" is the most solemn etiquette among the six rites. Without the groom, there is no married bride. In ancient times, there were people on foot and by car, and it was more common to greet them with eight-person sedan chairs. People in sedan chairs must be strong. Never answer someone else's sedan chair. They have to move around. When you come back from the wedding ceremony, you have to find a way to go back so that you won't go back. If you pass through temples, shrines, graves, wells, rivers and other places on the way, the married man should cover the sedan chair with a red carpet as a means of "avoiding evil spirits". If you meet a funeral procession on the road, the person who greets the wedding will say, "Lucky today, you have met a treasure!" " "Because the homonym of the coffin is' viewing wealth', which means seeing treasure. This is mainly for the sake of good luck.

Visiting the church: also known as "worshipping heaven and earth", it is a very important ceremony in the wedding. "Visiting the church" does not belong to the ancient "three books and six rituals". This marriage custom was very popular after the Song Dynasty. After "visiting the church", the woman officially became a member of the man's family. When "paying homage to the church", the master of ceremonies who presided over the wedding would say loudly, "One worships heaven and earth, the other worships the high hall, and the husband and wife worship the church and enter the bridal chamber together." In fact, worship of heaven and earth represents the worship of the god of heaven and earth; And worshipping Gaotang is the embodiment of filial piety; As for the worship of husband and wife, it means that husband and wife respect each other as guests.

Passing through the door: Passing through the door means that the bride leaves the woman's house to meet the elders of the man's house, and then formally enters the man's house. Legend has it that Aunt Weng can't directly see the newcomers entering the door in the lobby because there will be a collision. So when the woman enters the man's house, Weng Gu will come out of the room and meet the couple in the hall. Then the bride and groom will worship heaven and earth first, and then their ancestors. Newcomers will offer tea to Aunt Weng and bow down. Aunt Weng will say some greetings and send jewelry and gifts to the bride. The bride should wear the ornaments as soon as she receives them to show her gratitude. Then, the couple will offer tea to other elders and relatives.

Harassment: In modern times, this is a ceremony for newlyweds to accept congratulations on their wedding night and frolic in the new house. There is a folk saying that "it doesn't matter if you get married for three days" and "it's too funny, the more noisy, the happier you are". Different places have different ways and methods of "noisy rooms", and the degree of noisy is also divided into elegance and vulgarity. Sometimes it is too much, which often brings embarrassment and unhappiness to both the host and the guest, but because it adds a warm atmosphere to the wedding, this program is often essential in later weddings.

Three dynasties: mothering, three dynasties refers to the third day after marriage, accompanied by her husband, the newcomer returned to her mother's house with roast pigs and gifts to worship her ancestors, and then returned to her husband's family with her husband; According to legend, there was such a custom in the pre-Qin period. Mothering-in-law means going back to my mother's high school to report peace to my parents. In ancient times, modern transportation was inconvenient. If a woman wants her husband's family to stay away from her mother's family, she may not have a chance to return to her mother's family after marriage. Therefore, returning to the door may be a woman's last chance to set foot in the family. Because of this, people attach great importance to visiting their parents, which is a wedding custom. When going home, men need to prepare: a roast pig, two boxes of cakes, a pair of wine, two bamboo sticks, a pair of chickens, lettuce, two baskets of raw fruit, two boxes of sticky rice noodles, two pounds of chicken lanterns, two pounds of pork belly and pork.