How to plant watermelon (teach you watermelon planting skills)

Autumn watermelon generally refers to watermelon planted in summer and harvested in autumn, which belongs to anti-season cultivation. The maturity of watermelon in autumn is mainly arranged around Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, and it is listed centrally, with good sales volume, high price and considerable economic benefits.

1, sowing date

Because of the short growth period and the tight stubble of the previous crop, watermelon cultivation in autumn usually adopts seedling transplanting method. The determination of sowing date should be based on the characteristics of watermelon varieties and mature supply period. If sowing is too early, it is easy to cause seedling injury or even death in high temperature weather; However, if sowing is too late, low temperature will easily lead to slow growth in the later stage, affecting yield and sales, and even immature fruits.

Early-maturing watermelon varieties are generally sown in mid-July, and medium-maturing varieties are sown in early July. Sowing in this period can make watermelon fruit swell in September, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is beneficial to the accumulation of fruit sugar and improve watermelon quality.

2. Selection of melon fields

Continuous cropping of watermelon in autumn is easy to cause Fusarium wilt, so we should choose plots with fertile soil, high and dry terrain, loose soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no melon crops planted in recent years, and Yanji should choose places prone to waterlogging.

3. Soil preparation and fertilization

Deeply plough the previous acre, furrow it, apply decomposed farmyard manure 1 0,000-10,500 kg and NPK compound fertilizer 45-50 kg per acre, and then level the ridge. Generally, the height of the border is above 20 cm, and the width of the border is 2.6-2.8 meters. Deep ditches must be dug around to facilitate rapid drainage after rain.

4. Fertilization management

Watermelon needs a large amount of fertilizer, has a long growth period and is not easy to replenish fertilizer in the later stage. Therefore, applying sufficient base fertilizer is an important link to win high, stable and high quality watermelon. When preparing soil, it is generally applied, ditched and concentrated fertilization. Apply 2,000-2,500 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 30-40 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0/5-20 kg of potassium fertilizer/kloc per mu of land, pile it up and compost it, spread it in the soil and rake it flat.

The first topdressing of watermelon in autumn is at the five-leaf stage, and the topdressing per mu is 10- 15 kg, which can promote plant growth and quickly stretch vines. The second topdressing of watermelon within one week after flowering, urea 10- 15 kg and potassium fertilizer 8- 10 kg, can promote the rapid expansion of fruit.

5, reasonable pruning

When the main vine of watermelon has 4-5 leaves and the stem is about 15 cm, select 2-3 vines with good growth, remove the rest vines and the sun vines before the melon, and select the sun vines after the melon. We can also use the pruning method of 1 main 2 sides and 3 vines, that is, keep 1 main vine and 2 secondary vines, remove the remaining secondary vines when the main vine is female 1, and remove the sun vines before the secondary vines sit on melons.

6. Artificial insemination

We should choose node female flowers for artificial pollination at 7-9 am when flowering. We should select the male flowers that bloom that day, remove the petals, and wipe the stigma of the female flowers evenly with the pollen of the male flowers. The amount of pollination should be large enough. Generally, each male flower gives 2-3 female flowers. After pollination, we immediately marked the pollination date on the pollination festival.

7, timely harvest

When the swelling of watermelon fruit slows down or stops, the striped net spots on the surface of the peel brighten, and when the peel is bounced with your fingers, it makes a "bang, bang" sound, indicating that watermelon is mature and should be picked in time for listing.