What does the "room" in Epang Palace read?

When translated from China. com (/x 170):

Epang Palace is a huge palace built by Qin Dynasty in Xianyang. It was built in 2 12 BC and was later destroyed by Xiang Yu. It was completely destroyed by fire. Its site is in the area of Afang Village in the western suburbs of Xi City, 15 km, and it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. A poem "A Fu" by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has been sung for thousands of years, and it has also made the word "A" go deep into the homes of ordinary people from historical records to the court. From the Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, when poets lived, Epang Palace always pronounced [e páng gūng], but in the real life of later generations, all surnames of "Fang", "Fang Su" and even "Zhai" were pronounced with the standard pronunciation (fáng). Today, people think that the four rooms are not the same thing, and the relationship between them is not very clear. Even in real life, many people will ask, "Is your surname páng from Epang Palace or fáng from the government?" Everyone thinks that the pronunciation and meaning of the word "Pang" are out of print, but it is actually a big misunderstanding.

I. Introduction to Epang Palace

It is said that after Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, the national strength became stronger and stronger, and the population of Xianyang, the capital, increased. In the thirty-fifth year of the first emperor (2 12 BC), the palace of the dynasty, namely Epang Palace, was built in Shanglinyuan, south of Weihe River.

How big is Epang Palace? Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, recorded in The Chronicle of the First Qin Emperor: "The front hall is 500 paces from east to west and 50 feet from north to south, with a seating capacity of 10,000 people on the top and a five-foot flag on the bottom. Zhouchi is a pavilion road, which runs directly from your highness to Nanshan, indicating that the top of Nanshan is a lost road and belongs to Xianyang. " Its scale is huge, and it consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. In the Qin Dynasty, one step was six feet, three hundred steps were one mile, and the Qin foot was about 0.23 meters. In this way, the front hall of Epang Palace is 690 meters wide from east to west and 1 15 meters deep from north to south, covering an area of 80,000 square meters, which is more than enough to accommodate 1 10,000 people. According to legend, Epang Palace has more than 700 large and small halls. During the day, the climate in each hall is different. There are mountains of treasures in the palace and thousands of beautiful women. Qin Shihuang visited all the palaces all his life and lived in one place a day, but he never lived in all the palaces until his death. It is also said that due to the huge project, the first emperor only built an anteroom when he was in office. After the death of Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi continued to build Hu Hai.

The biography of Hanshu Jiashan records the overall scale of Epang Palace, "five miles from east to west, and a thousand steps from north to south." Today, in the south of Sanqiao Town, the western suburb of Xi City, Shaanxi Province, from Jujiazhuang in the east to Gucheng Village in the west, the site of Epang Palace with an area of about 600,000 square meters is still preserved. It can be seen that Epang Palace is an unparalleled palace building in the history of world architecture, with a large number of palaces, a wide construction area and a grand scale.

Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "A Fang Gong Fu": "Covering the ground for more than 300 miles, the next day. Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor, ten steps to a pavilion; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Each holds the terrain and intrigues. " It can be seen that Epang Palace was indeed a very magnificent building complex at that time.

After Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, entered the customs, he turned his hatred to something and set fire to Epang Palace and all its affiliated buildings. It is said that the fire burned for three months.

Of course, some people say that Epang Palace was not built by Qin Shihuang, but by King Qin Huiwen to commemorate his childhood playmates. And Epang Palace was not burned by Xiang Yu. It is also said that the Epang Palace was not built at all when Qin Shihuang was there.

From 65438 to 0994, UNESCO made a field trip, and confirmed that the construction scale and preservation integrity of Qin Afang Palace site ranked first among the ancient buildings in the world, and it was one of the wonders and places of interest in the world, and was known as "the first palace in the world".

Near the south of Afang village today, there is a large earth platform with a circumference of about 3 10 m and a height of about 20 m. It was built entirely of rammed earth, and the locals called it "the rooftop of the first emperor". Near the southwest of Afang Village, rammed earth keeps rolling, forming a rectangular platform with an area of about 260,000 square meters, which is called "Nanwuling" locally. These two places are the most remarkable architectural relics in the ruins of Epang Palace.

Second, the word "room" and the explanation of the surname "room" and the house "room".

(1) The structure of the house is related to Loi Wo Temple.

Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains "house" and "household" in this way: "The house is beside it. Half a door (the door of traditional Chinese characters) is a household. " According to the textual research of Wang Dayou, an authority on the study of ancient Chinese culture, the square-shaped structure in Oracle Bone Inscriptions (hieroglyphics) originated from the structure of ancient Loi Wo Temple, which was based on soil and inherited heaven. On the left is the "household" of the portal, and on the right is the square character.

(2) The surname of the owner of the house originated from the city where the house is located.

Fang is from the son of Yao Emperor Danzhu. Emperor Yao gave birth to ten sons, and Dani was his "three-dimensional heir" (eldest son). When he was born, his whole body was red, so he was named "Dani" (meaning "adding red to red", similar to today's "Hong Haier"). Dani is very clever, very clever. He is the ancestor of the world Weiqi world, and is said to be the first Weiqi master in history. He was loved by Yao since he was a child. But he has a strong personality, is determined to do things, and lacks harmony and political wisdom. Yao thinks he is a "shameless man".

Dan Zhugong was first sealed in Danshui, and his fief is in today's Henan. Because he is the eldest son of Emperor Yao, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province still has a "eldest son county", also known as "Danzhu Town" and "Danzhu Avenue".

After Shun ascended the throne, he changed Danzhu to "Fang Yi" Hou (named "Fang Yi" because there is ancient Loi Wo Temple in Suiping, Henan). According to Luming, Emperor Yao collapsed, and Emperor Shun appointed Danzhu as the residence (in the old city today, forty miles southwest of Suiping today). As a residence, "To worship it, to serve it, and to be happy with gifts means to be a guest, and the son of heaven to serve it ..." This shows that Shundi dared not do anything to Danzhu and his family because of "abdication". The Chronicle of Bamboo Slips, the oldest existing bamboo slip history book in China, records that Dan Zhu (Zhu) took refuge in the house, saying that Dan Zhu respected his father's life and made the world smooth, but he avoided the house himself. Another legend is that Shun Di once ruled the national government for 27 years on behalf of Yao, and made a crusade against Danzhu in the name of Emperor Yao (or because Shun "suppressed Danzhu so that father and son could not meet each other", Danzhu led three seedlings to crusade against Shun). Danzhu lost important help because of the "sunset" of Kuafu, a powerful general and leader of the giant tribe, while Emperor Shun was supported by the sharpshooter Hou Yi and others, and failed in the battle for the throne with Emperor Shun. After the collapse of Emperor Yao, Dan Zhu was a puppet emperor for three years because of Shun's "humility", but all the ministers reported to Shun in the suburbs. So, three years later, Shun ascended the throne "conforming to the people's voice". It is for the "sorrow of Yao and Shun".

At the same time, in Yao's time, because Go was used for divination and military exercises in ancient times, Yao abdicated to Shun, but passed on the chess to his beloved son Dan Zhu. Some people in later generations called this "spreading Shun as kingship and granting Danzhu divine right". The chronicles of bamboo books call it "Emperor Danzhu". Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Bei Jing said that when Dayu was in charge of water control, many quadrangular pyramid buildings were built: "Yao Di Terrace, Di Ku Terrace, Dizhu Dantai and Shun Di Terrace, each with two sets of quadrangles, in the northeast of Kunlun." "Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Nan Jing" said: "Cangwu Mountain, Shun Di was buried in Yang, and Emperor Danzhu was buried in Yin." Dani did not practice the throne, but enjoyed the title of emperor, which was enough to show his lofty status at that time. In addition, due to the support of Sanmiao when Danzhu attacked Shunshi, Danzhu in Hunan, Guangdong and other places was regarded as the emperor of Hengshan and the emperor of Danzhu in the southern minority areas, with lofty status. In the orthodox Confucian classics handed down from later generations (except the oldest bamboo slips chronicle), Dani was portrayed as an "evil god" or an "evil god" in charge of disasters. There is even a descendant named "raccoon dog surname". In the year of famine, the court also invited the surname raccoon to come out and pray for disaster relief.

After his death, Fang Ling, the eldest son, took the fief as his surname. Later generations called him "the grandson of Emperor Yao and the surname of Deyi". The other descendants of Danzhu were named Fu, Dan and Gou respectively, while the descendants of Fangling were all named Fang except one descendant of Shen, the ovary of Shifang in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

It can be seen that the surname "Zhai" originated from Zhai, and the name of Zhai originated from Loi Wo Temple, that is, the "Zhai" of Zhai.

(3) Fang Totem: Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Shang Dynasty.

According to Mr. Wang's textual research, Fang surname is one of 128 surnames known to have left a surname totem. Fang's totem: on the left is the household character (half door) representing the worse gate, and on the right is the dragon-horse figure. There is a "wind vane" on it (an instrument for observing astronomical phenomena in ancient times), and the ball on it represents the "Su Fang" of the Oriental Dragon Constellation, that is, Fang Xing (Fang Xing is one of the twenty-eighth houses, counting four stars, located in the "dragon belly". )。 Fang's totem means: the ancient house people view the house in the sky with the Nantianmen as the basic point. At dusk, the house appears on the eastern horizon, which is also a sign of the arrival of spring. Fang Xing, the messenger and master of spring.

(D) the meaning and origin of accommodation

Mr. He Guangyue, another authority on surname research in China, pointed out in the History of the Origin of the Ancient Central Plains that according to the theory of dividing line, Fang Xin and Su Er correspond to the land of the Song Dynasty. In two weeks, in addition to the Song Dynasty, there was also a national housing country established by ancient national housing people with a long history. During the Shang dynasty, the influence of Fang people was also relatively great, and Oracle inscriptions also saw whether Bufang people (Tongfang) would send troops to invade the Shang dynasty. At that time, it was also located in the east of Yin.

When the birds move south, the housekeeper moves south with them. Roughly live in eastern Henan and northern Anhui. After the destruction of Shang Dynasty in Zhou Dynasty, the vassal state was enfeoffed and a home state was established in the southeast of Henan Province. Although the house country of Zhou Dynasty was not big, it also had certain influence, which led astrologers to call the house life the stars in the sky (that is, the house, also known as the star or house star).

According to the chronicle of this bamboo book, Prince Zhao (later Kang Wang) was ordered to marry into the Fang family (Fang's ancient genealogy said, "In thirty-three years, Wang Shizi was ordered to be a house, and his wife prayed and returned." As a wife, the prince born to Fang was the later King Zhao of Zhou. Fang's ancient genealogy also said: "To marry again in the government, saying it is behind the house." The Queen of the Palace worshipped her ancestor Danzhu and dreamed that Danzhu was "imbued with spirit and pregnant", so she gave birth to Zhou Muwang. Zhou Muwang went to his uncle's house when he took office in the south. Therefore, at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, Tianfu Fangxing once "dropped eight horses" (called: Jedi, feathering, soaring into the sky, super-shadow, super-bright, soaring fog and carrying wings). Such a horse of Ba Shen travels three times a day in Wan Li, and Zhou Muwang can use it to "rest in the east and help the mulberry, and knot the Kunlun Mountains in the west" and "be desolate and octupole". Therefore, Zhou Muwang was called "an ancient human emperor with great divinity, comparable to the Buddha's iron wheel (Buddha)" by Mr. nan huaijin, a master of contemporary Chinese studies. Therefore, in ancient times, Fang Xing was also called "auxiliary star"-"Fang Xing is the emperor's palace", "Fang Xing is the place where the emperor discussed politics" and "Fang Xing is the king's light".

At the same time, some people disapprove of Zhou Muwang's practice of visiting famous mountains and rivers and doing nothing, which leads to rebellion. They think this is a kind of "fornication" behavior. They are pregnant because the harem worships Emperor Danzhu. They don't know the relationship between the housekeeper, the housekeeper and Zhou Muwang, and they don't know that the harem queen worships Danzhu as a "respect for ancestors". On this basis, it was determined that Zhou Muwang was passed on to the evil god Dan Zhu in Zhou Muwang because of her mother's bad behavior. "Borrow the ancient to satirize the present" (Tang Li Shangyin's sentence in Yaochi). Bai Juyi also exhorted in his Eight Horses Map: "If you don't act as a warning, it will be bad for eight horses." Up to now, this thing is still a treasure in the world, and I don't know if it is strange under the nature of Fangxing. Eight Juntu, you don't love it. "

Tiangong Star is also regarded as "Mazu God" and worshipped by people who admire horses in past dynasties. Because it shows spring, Fang Xing is also known as the star in charge of farming. "Heaven is auspicious, and local cattle issue policies to cheer for thousands of wells coming to spring."

In Zuo Zhuan, in the thirteenth year (529 BC), Chu was destroyed. Du Zhu said, "Tao, Fang and Zhong are all princes, and Chu destroyed them as cities. In the twenty-second year of Zhao Gong, the husband of Wang Wu went to Chu, and the husband of Chu was close to the house, which was called Wu Fang. " "History of Han Geography" records that there is Wu Fangjun in Runan, and Meng Kang notes: "This house is a country, and King Chu Ling moved to Chu. Prince He Lv's brother-in-law almost went to Chu, and Chu was sealed here. " It can be seen that the home country of Zhou Dynasty is in Runan area. Runan in the Western Han Dynasty mainly includes the area between Huaihe River and Heying, namely Shangcai in Henan, Huaiyang in Anhui and Fuyang in Anhui. According to Jin Tian Wen Zhi, the division of lodging and lodging includes Yingchuan, Runan, Pei Jun, Guo Liang and Huaiyang, among which Runan, Yingchuan and Huaiyang bear the brunt. Accordingly, Mr. He Guangyue said: It can be seen that it is no coincidence that the night refers to the housing country and the geographical division of the stars in the sky just corresponds to the region of the housing country.

Third, the unique pronunciation of "Afanggong" is due to the Qin opera.

According to experts' research, Epang Palace is called "Epang Palace" because of its height, size, width and magnificence, and "A" means "towering". The original meaning of "house" is the house on both sides of the main house, and Epang Palace means "the palace with towering houses". It can be seen that this "house" is actually the usual house. Xu Shen of Han Dynasty, after Qin Dynasty, mentioned "Fang" and "Compound Qie" (anti-rhyme) in his Shuo Wen Jie Zi, that is, reading the dialect. It can be seen that the word "Fang" was pronounced as Fang in the Han Dynasty.

Then why did Du Mu pronounce the sound of Epang Palace as [e pá ng g not ng] instead of [āfáng gūng]ng in the Tang Dynasty?

As we know, Qin Shihuang's greatest historical achievement was to unify China, split it into two parts, and vigorously promote "books with the same language, cars with the same road". Since then, the characters have been gradually unified, but I am afraid that "homophones" or "homophones" have not been put on the agenda. So we can guess that Epang Palace was built by Qin on the border of Xianyang. As a well-known building, the pronunciation of Ahefang should be the local pronunciation of Qin people at that time, which may be different from that of the Central Plains. Although there was Xu Shen's "unified voice" in the Han Dynasty, the pronunciation of Epang Palace, as a specific carrier in a specific historical event, remained unchanged until the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, it can be seen from the pronunciation of some regular poems in the Tang Dynasty that in order to rhyme, the pronunciation of many Tang poems is different from today's standard pronunciation and even the pronunciation in Shuo Wen Jie Zi. For example, the word "Xie" in Away from Cold Mountain is pronounced as "Xia" instead of "Xie" today, and it is also said that the word "Le" in Confucius's "Being kind, the wise man enjoys water"

At the same time, as the "sons of the Central Plains", the Hakkas in Taiwan Province Province, Minnan and Guangdong are used to reading the surname "Fang" and the house as "piong" or "piang", which seems to be an old saying. And the classic line of the old man, "An Hong: I love mud!" This also shows that even today, Qin opera is still very different from the standard Chinese pronunciation.

Four. conclusion

The four rooms in Epang Palace, Fang surname, residence and lodging, are synonymous with the same word and different sounds.

References:

China's family name is Fang Shi. com: /x 170