Quail day? Go through the gate again and you'll be fine.

Quail day? Go through the gate again and you'll be fine.

He Zhu

Overcoming the door is wrong, what is the difference?

Wutong was half dead. After first frost, Bai Yuanyang lost her partner.

The grass is on the ground and exposed at the beginning. Old habitat and new growth.

Lying in an empty bed listening to the rain from the south window, who will mend the clothes at night?

"There is infatuation in the world, and this hatred has nothing to do with romance." Hello, Himalayan listeners and friends! You are welcome to read the most beautiful love poems with me.

Last time we mentioned He Zhu's Partridge Sky, which was called "both sad and sad" with Su Dongpo's Jiangchengzi. It was precisely because of He Zhu's Partridge Sky that the epigraph "Partridge Sky" was later called "half-dead child". In other words, this epigraph gained another life because of this word, so let's first review this famous mourning work, the word cloud:

"More than always everything is wrong, why different return?

Wutong was half dead. After first frost, Bai Yuanyang lost her partner.

The grass is on the ground and exposed at the beginning. Old habitat and new growth.

Lying in an empty bed listening to the rain from the south window, who will mend the clothes at night? "

Last class, we spent a whole class to answer and appreciate the seemingly unreasonable but affectionate question "What shall we do together?". In the first couplet at the beginning, we can even see He Zhu's emotional characteristics and personality characteristics. Then, after such a strange opening, poetry should be touching and have the power to touch people's hearts. In the final analysis, we should return to the shaping of images and artistic conception. Then the next typical image is the place where this word is especially praised by future generations. In the shocking question "What is the same thing?" He Zhu, who wanted to die, suddenly wrote: "The phoenix tree is half dry and the frost is clear, and the white mandarin duck loses her partner." It is precisely because of the influence of this sentence that "half-dead child" has become another name for the epigraph "Partridge Sky".

Speaking of the half-dead image of the phoenix tree, it has nothing to do with mourning. The earliest mention of phoenix tree in the Book of Songs means that it is a good talent for making harps and musical instruments. For example, the Book of Songs says: "The chair is painted with paulownia, and the piano is cut with musical instruments." (Quoted from The Book of Songs National Style Yan Ti Fang Zi) Fang Zi was written in Chu Palace. Slap in the sun and do it in the Chu room. Hazel is on the tree, tung is painted on the chair, and there are harps and harps. Climb the other shore and look at Chu. Looking at Chu and Tang, Jingshan and Beijing. Look down on mulberries Buji, how can you hide in the end? Since the spiritual rain is zero, it is a warning to others. Star rewelding said driving, Sangtian said. Bandits are straightforward, but obsessed. Three thousand. "The stars are now in the sky, and the Chuqiu Temple began to be built. The sun shadow is used to measure the direction and lay a good foundation for the house. Planting hazel and chestnut trees, as well as sycamore trees painted by catalpa bungeana, can be used as a harp. Climb the ancient city of Xu Qiu and overlook the direction of Chuqiu. Look at Chuqiu and Tangyi, as well as high hills and hills. Looking at Tanaka Sang after going down the mountain, the divination result is very auspicious, with a bright future and great potential. The good rain has just finished slowly, and I told the coachman to look after the car. Driving in the starlight early and stopping in Sangtian. Not only honest for the people, but also sincere and thoughtful, the stallion must be raised to 3,000! " Therefore, the piano and musical instruments of Longmen mentioned by Li Zhouguan Chun (from the third generation master/junior teacher of Li Zhouguan Chun Zongbo) actually mean that the piano and musical instruments made of buttonwood in Longmen are the most outstanding. In Mei Cheng's "Seven Hairs", the image of "half-dead tung" began to appear, but it was still said that Longmen was used to make guqin. This kind of piano sound has a soul-stirring charm, and Half-dead Tong conveys the sound of sadness and resentment. In this way, the sound of the piano will be in contrast with the noble rhyme and the noble character of others.

Therefore, the piano is the voice of a gentleman, so its raw material phoenix tree also has noble quality. Therefore, even a half-dead phoenix tree, even a charred phoenix tree, even if the fate is bad and the reality is helpless, it is difficult to hide that noble quality. Therefore, Jiao, one of the four famous pianos in the world, was recorded in the history of the later Han Dynasty. This is Cai Wenji's father, Cai Yong, who happened to pass through Jiangsu and Zhejiang. He heard that "Wu people burned tung for a meal, only heard the sound of fierce fire, so he knew it was good wood, so he cut it into a piano because of the invitation." The fruit is beautiful and the tail is particularly burnt. Therefore, it is called "Jiao Qin Wei". Therefore, whether it is a half-dead phoenix tree or a burnt-out phoenix tree, its inner voice, its inner rhyme and its inner spirit are all consciously pursued by ancient gentlemen.

After Meicheng's Seven Hairs, Yu Xin also wrote a half-dead tung image in Fu on the Dead Tree, but Yu Xin himself melted into his personal life experience in this fu. It is said that although the branches of dead trees exist, their hearts are half empty. Accordingly, life is hard and bleak. This is an extremely lonely and disheartened state of mind. Influenced by Yu Xin, post-pessimists often say that they are half-dead, half-hearted and half-hearted, and most of them show a very negative and depressed mentality. For example, Fang Hui (Fang Hui (1227 ~ 1305)) was a poet and poetic critic in the Yuan Dynasty. Fang Hui's moral integrity is beyond words and is laughed at by the world. But he is good at poetry and is the main poet of Jiangxi School. He is the temple army of Jiangxi Poetry School (see China Literature History, Volume 3, Part 6, Yuan Dynasty Literature). The word Wan Li. Huizhou Shexian (now Anhui) people. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Zong ascended the throne. At the beginning, I used "Hundred Plum Blossom Poems" to curry favor with the powerful minister Jia Sidao. Later, it seemed that Tao was defeated, and it seemed that Tao could be beheaded ten times, so he was appointed as the magistrate of Yanzhou (now Jiande, Zhejiang). Yuan Bing will arrive, and he sings the theory of defending the country. Yuan Bing arrived, hoping to face the wind, and he was appointed as the general manager of Jiande Road. Soon dismissed from office, that is, wandering around Hangzhou and Shexian, earning a living by selling literature in his later years, and even dying of old age. ) Poet, Fang Hui, and this poet is Fang Hui, the leader of Jiangxi Poetry School. He said in the poem "Drinking with Tao Yuanming", "I talked to death as if I were a good girl in the evening." It turns out that this poet, Fang Hui, is the main force of Jiangxi Poetry School, but he is weak by nature. When he arrived in Yuan Bing, he fell with the wind! Later, although he was the second minister, he was eventually deprived of his official position. In his later years, he was displaced, poor and sick. Although he regretted his defection in those days, it was irreparable! How can you go back on your word? So he said, "It's half dead, as if I were a good girl." This is a bleak scene of losing life.

Whether it is Mei Cheng's Seven Hairs or Yu Xin's Ode to the Dead Tree, the half-dead paulownia refers to the half-dead state of a tree and the half-dead state of a single phoenix tree. However, we know that China's poetry literature is best at expressing emotions, and he is best at finding typical images that are congenial to each other from nature. So you see, phoenix, mandarin duck and partridge are all Chinese compound words called male and female compound words. Like Phoenix and Yuanyang, these are hermaphroditic birds, which together are called a bird. Phoenix refers to men and phoenix refers to women; Yuanyang refers to the male and Yuanyang refers to the female.

Similarly, phoenix tree is also considered as a compound word of this male and female. In ancient times, people thought that the phoenix tree was a man and the phoenix tree was a woman. Of course, I consulted a botanist. In terms of plants, I actually think the phoenix tree is monoecious. So you read the Book of Songs? "Fang said," Feng Huangming yi, in Jeremy goldkorn. Wutongsheng, in the morning. " (The poet chimes bells here with phoenix, and the song flies over the hills; The phoenix tree grows wildly, covered with brilliant sunrise, symbolizing noble and beautiful character. ) here, the phoenix and the phoenix tree coexist, and it is obvious that the gender images in the poem can be seen. Not to mention Sima Xiangru's "Two Qin Poems" (hereinafter referred to as "Two Qin Poems") is said to be a seven-character poem written by Sima Xiangru, a writer in the Western Han Dynasty. It is said that these two poems were sung by Sima Xiangru to Zhuo Wenjun, expressing Sima Xiangru's strong desire to marry Zhuo Wenjun. The first poem starts from one's own side, conveys one's situation, attitude and desire to the other side, and expresses one's desire to marry Zhuo Wenjun warmly and sincerely. The second poem was written from the other side, imitating the heart and voice of the other side, echoing the first poem, and showing Zhuo Wenjun's devotion to the poet. This group of poems has elegant style, rich feelings and vivid language. ) and "Phoenix Seeking Phoenix" and "Phoenix Xi Feng returned to his hometown and traveled around the world to find his phoenix. "

It should be noted that although Feng Qiuhuang is sung here, he is a piano piece, using guqin and wutong, so the images of men and women are also very clear. In Peacock Flying Southeast, which we are all familiar with, Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing were both double martyrdom in the end, so the poem said, "The two families should be buried together and next to Huashan Mountain. Pine and cypress are planted in the east and west, and phoenix trees are planted in the left and right. Branches cover each other and leaves communicate with each other. There are two birds in it, calling themselves Yuanyang. "

So here, the phoenix tree and Yuanyang have become the symbols of love between men and women. In fact, in the Tang Dynasty, it was a very clear image to mourn the widowed with a half-dead tung tree. For example, Li Shangyin's three poems "Hedong" are orderly: "When you mourn, time waits for no one. Indus is half dead and worried; Lingguang alone ",like Bai Juyi mourning Xue Tai, there is a poem saying:" The phoenix tree is half withered and old, and thinking hurts the spirit. I went back to the hospital with my child in my arms at night, and there was no one in Leng Yue. " In fact, like Zhang Lei, who has the best relationship with He Zhu among the four bachelor's degree students in Sumen, there are also mourning works, including the image of a half-dead tree. For example, in the fifth part of his "Poems of Nine Sorrow", it is said that "the new frost is heavy and the chrysanthemum is in its infancy, and the half-dead tree cries for the well." However, if you are injured, there will be no tears, and you should do it if you cry too much. "

However, the classic impression of the half-dead phoenix tree finally became a symbolic image of mourning. Its interlude creation was recognized by later generations as He Zhu's Partridge Sky. The so-called "after the phoenix tree was half dead, the white mandarin duck lost her companion." This means that the poet and his wife are like phoenix trees after frost, separated by yin and yang for life after death, and like lonely and tired mandarin ducks without partners. Yuanyang, as we all know, has white eyes and eyebrows, so it is particularly eye-catching, of course, it is also particularly beautiful, and because it is hermaphrodite, it is also regarded as a classic image of love. Therefore, after writing the two classic images of "Half-dead Indus" and "White Yuanyang", the next film is related to the sublimation of the scene and artistic conception of the whole word!

After a cloud, "the grass is on the original, and it is exposed at the beginning." This is also a metaphor. For example, the cloud "Lulu is not easy to be sad" in Han Yuefu Mourning Song Dew means that his wife died with the dew that was originally crystal clear, but soon dried up, and the phrase "old residence and new love." It also made the previous "grass on the grass, the beginning of dew" a real scene in front of the grave of his wild wife outside Bixing. Therefore, "old residence and new growth" has become a sad correspondence. "New growth" refers to the new grave on the hill, while "old dwelling" refers to the room where we used to live together.

There are four clouds in Tao Qian's Return to the Garden: "Wandering between mountains and ridges, I don't want to live in the past." The old residence is opposite to the new one, and the residence is reluctant to part with it, but it has been separated from heaven forever, clearly showing the poet's wandering and missing scene. And this kind of scene needs to make the finishing point to sublimate the artistic conception, just like the stone's "Jiangchengzi", the next cloud says: "In the dead of night, I dream of returning to my hometown, and Xiao Xuan window is dressing. There is nothing to say about each other, only a thousand lines of tears are expected to break every year, and the moon is missing. " Su Shi first wrote a classic scene and created a sublime artistic conception, and finally returned to the lonely grave where his wife was buried on a moonlit night. He Zhu first wrote "Old Habitat and New Ridge", first wrote the solitary grave, and then returned to the classic scene and artistic conception to sublimate! The classic scene created by Su Shi is a dream: "Dream at night, Xiao Xuan window dressing. There is nothing to say about each other, only a thousand lines of tears are expected to break every year, and the moon is missing. " Yang Guonian thought of this, and before the heartbroken cliff, he couldn't help saying, "And I can't even dream for three days and three nights." This shows the power of this scene and this artistic conception to directly hit people's hearts.

Then, it is particularly important to describe the scene and sublimate the artistic conception in He Zhu's Partridge Sky, which is also called "double mourning" with Su Shi's Jiangchengzi. How will he be shaped and sublimated? "Sleeping in an empty bed and listening to the rain from the south window, who will mend clothes at night?" Su Shi skillfully used a dream, but He Zhu didn't have a job, just returned to the most ordinary and dull place in life. The details and scenes of the sentence "Who is burning the midnight oil to mend clothes" show the deepest memory of the first wife's sharing weal and woe.

Seeing him lying on an empty bed and listening to the biting wind and rain outside the window added a lot of sadness. There is only a sigh in my heart. In the years to come, who else can light a lamp to mend my clothes late at night like you? In this way, the problem in the details is very simple. Starting from the last question, "it is more important than the door. What's the difference? " Seemingly unreasonable but extremely affectionate questions echo back and forth, but each has its own face and affection. With these two questions, the whole word is like an empty valley echo, with feelings of sadness, missing and mourning, and the feelings of sadness and regret seem endless. Therefore, reading Su Shi's Jiangchengzi is like looking around affectionately, and reading He Zhu's Partridge Sky is like asking yourself and answering yourself.

Although these two mourning works are both affectionate, they have their own characteristics in expression and creative skills. The reason is that Su Shi is 37 years old in middle age and He Zhu is 57 years old in his later years. Of course, there is another reason, which is related to Dongpo lay man and He Fanghui. Their temperament is very different. Su Shi is peaceful and broad-minded. Although he is a middle-aged work, he has seen the atmosphere of a generation of masters, and He Zhu is violent by nature and his life is ups and downs, so he has a different kind of infatuation. Speaking of He Zhu's Partridge and Su Shi's Jiangchengzi, both of them were called mourning works in the Northern Song Dynasty. In fact, He Zhu and Su Shi have an intersection. From a certain point of view, Su Shi is also an unforgettable friend of He Zhu, and he is also a sworn friend with Zhang Lei, one of the four bachelor's degrees of Su Men.

In fact, Zhu He didn't enter the official career until he was about twenty years old. Although he is full of knowledge and rhetoric, his official position is mostly Wu Zhi, the military attache. Later, it was not until the reign of Yuan You (926 in the first year of Tiancheng in the later Tang Dynasty) that he was appointed as a bachelor of Duanming Temple that he began to engage in reading and games. Song was a long-serving bachelor's minister. After Yuan Feng's reform, he was a consul. He has no position, but goes in and out of the attendants to prepare consultants. ) Su Shi and famous minister Li Qingchen (Li Qingchen, written by Bangzhi. Ren Wei (Hebei name). When I was seven years old, I knew how to read thousands of words and recite thousands of words every day. I can write a little for the text, because the Buddhist temple caught fire and the fire surprised me. Han Qi heard his name and his wife was a niece. He was promoted to Jinshi and transferred to Xingzhou Hu Si to join the army. Ouyang Xiu should be knowledgeable and better at writing than Su Shi. In the second year of Zhiping (A.D. 1065), he tried to enter the cabinet and was awarded the book lang. Zong Shen was called the editor of the history of the two dynasties. He wrote this down and entered the imperial edict. Zhe Zongchao, Fan Chunren acceded to the throne, specializing in Chinese books, reviving young crops, free of charge. The plan angered the emperor and stopped Sue. Hui is an assistant minister. Find a famous building and a chess piece trapped by Ceng Bu. Qing ministers were thrifty and self-sustaining until they became rich and strong. Stay in the official position to serve the law, and dare not scratch for personal gain. Written by Qing ministers, it is simple and generous, and it is unique. ) recommended, and finally changed from military attache to civilian, Ren Lang.

As early as the first year of Yuanfeng, when Su Shi knew Xuzhou, as Qin Shaoyou said, "I don't want Wan Huhou alone, I just want to know Xuzhou." At that time, Su Shi had become a model and spiritual mentor for young people. At this time, it was timely for Qin Shaoyou to worship Su Shi, while younger teenagers Wang Gong, Wang Dingguo and He Zhu He Fang Hui admired Su Shi's name and made friends with him. Su Shi and perilla are broad-minded and all-encompassing, and they especially like to make friends with these talented and gentle young people. Su Shi took office in Xuzhou for only one year and eleven months. He is the most famous mayor in the history of Xuzhou, and he has made outstanding achievements in fighting floods, building yellow buildings, finding coal and controlling mines, and begging for rain and drought relief.

Not long after Su Shi was demoted to Xuzhou, Zhu He was transferred to Xuzhou as a money supervisor. Although he is still unhappy, claiming to sneer at the old four years, he yearns for the elegance of his predecessor Su Xuzhou! Then Su Shi fell into the Wutai Poetry Case and was demoted to Huangzhou. Even throughout his life, in the struggle between the old and new parties, if you ask about official career, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou. Although he was recommended by Su Shi in He Zhu period, he made a lifelong friendship with Dongpo lay man. In his anthology, we can see that he and Su Shi made a total of six awards, but they were all written when Su Shi was in trouble and relegated. For Shi, an official benefactor, He Zhu is a reward, not a icing on the cake when his career is good, but a timely help when his life is difficult, which shows He Zhu's character and character.

In fact, He Zhu had given up his career in his later years. During his 73-year life journey, he resigned and retired at the age of 57. It is precisely because of his formal retirement in Gusu that he came to Suzhou this year, thinking of his dead wife, and came up with the idea of "going back to Nagato and everything going wrong". What is the difference? "sigh. When it comes to Zhu He's extreme personality, most people think that one is his nature, the other is his career stagnation, and the third is his ugly appearance, which is not entirely correct. It is worth noting that Zhu He entered the official career when he was young. He failed to pass the imperial examinations of Su Like Dongpo and Su Zhe and entered the official career. In fact, like Yan, he entered the officialdom at the age of 20 and was appointed as a regular class in the form of a supplementary official. After more than 20 years in the Wulin, I only got the fourth grade. Why is this happening?

Look at Zhu He's own poems, and say "Poems of Old People in clear lake". Who's clear lake? We have said many times that China's cultural worship is ancestor worship, sage worship, not ghost worship. The so-called "Qinghu" is actually Jinghu Lake, which reminds us of the famous Homecoming Book. In fact, there are two "homecoming books". The so-called "young people leave home, old people return, and the local accent remains the same." When a child meets a stranger, he will smile and ask where the guest is from. " This is just one of them. The second poem says: "I have been away from my hometown for many years and have been half tired recently." Only the mirror lake in front of the door, the spring breeze does not change the old waves. " The Jinghu Lake here is clear lake, the great poet He, a "Siming fanatic" and the cousin of He Zhu's 15th ancestor He.

Therefore, it is precisely because of such a prominent family background that Zhu He calls himself a "adherent of clear lake", and there are not only such outstanding sages here. He Zhu's sixth ancestor was named He Jingsi. Although she is only a military commander and not very famous, she gave birth to a daughter. This daughter of his is married to a pre-inspector. This man's name is Zhao Kuangyin, so he Zhu He Fang Hui is the wife of Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, the fifth grandson of the original filial piety queen. He Zhu is not only famous in his own life, but also deeply misses his first wife Zhao, and his father-in-law Zhao is a great-grandson and a third brother. (Li Bo's interpretation here is wrong. )

Life is so ironic, such a good life experience, such a prominent family background, but it has become an unspeakable heartache in He Zhu's heart and destiny, which is unbearable. All this is because the axe sounds like a candle, all this is because of the Golden House Alliance, all this is because of Zhao Kuangyin's ambitious younger brother and Zhao Tingmei's heartless second brother-Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi.

"Song history according to? According to "Biography of Empresses", Zhao Kuangyin originally had five brothers, the eldest and the youngest all died young, leaving only three brothers. The third child, originally not called, is called Zhao. In order to avoid the anonymity of her second child, Zhao Guangyi, she later changed her name to Zhao Tingmei. Du Taihou, the mother of three brothers, saw Zhao win the world. It is said that when he died, he made an imperial decree that he would pass on his hair to his younger brother in the future. After he became emperor one after another, he returned to this branch of Mao, that is, Zhao Dezhao, the son of Empress Xiaohui, the fifth ancestor of He Zhu. Zhao, the Eight Immortals we are familiar with, is actually Zhao Dezhao's fourth brother.

However, after the sound of an axe and the shadow of a candle, Zhao Guangyi became his younger brother. His callousness forced Zhao Dezhao and Zhao Tingmei to die one after another. Even, how insidious this person is, as we said in Li Yu, he will poison Li Yu with pet medicine, and even in the end, he will fake Zhao Tingmei's hand. Zhao Tingmei loves literary language and has always admired Li Yu, but he was assassinated by his brother and poisoned his idol himself! Of course, Zhao Tingmei did not change his tragic fate. At the age of 38, he was forced to death by his own brother.

So since he is Zhao Kuangyin and Empress Xiaohui, and his first wife, Scott, is Zhao Tingmei, it can be said that although they are royalty, they are both a menace to Emperor Taizong. Therefore, He Zhu, the royal family, has declined, and his father-in-law is equally sad and embarrassed, which is also conceivable. So with Zhu He's talent, why not take the road of imperial examination? In his own poem, he said, "Twenty Ding people were born, and one official was poor at the beginning." (Excerpted from He Zhu's trip to Nantai on March 20, "Sixty days in Yangchun, don't kiss me." Official business is not idle, and the wind and rain are restored. When I started my trip to the south, everything was stable. No peaches and plums, no hazelnuts in the thick green. Climb high for a while, and you can see the shore clearly. If you have contact with other places, it must be Tianjin when you are over the city. Ao is a bird and a fish, cute and uninhibited. Grain Rain takes Wan Li Road, and I look forward to this spring. If you don't think about it, you will be born. Ding, who is twenty years old, was poor at first. There is dust from Laiwu everywhere. What is a yellow ribbon? What is a gold ribbon? There are fragrant orchids in the mountain garden. Wear them yourself. Long white clouds, Ziyang, daydreaming. Going to Nanchang is almost like a person. ”)。 It turned out that his father died young, his family was embarrassed, his mother was ill, and his family was extremely poor, so he had to fill the official position in the form of favor. In the Song Dynasty, which emphasized the imperial examination and literati background, there was almost no hope of showing great ambition and career advancement. Even Yan, the son of a famous official, is still frustrated in his official career. What's more, Zhu, a so-called royalty, is deeply suspicious. The reason why He Zhu and his first wife, Zhao, love each other, the so-called "old home and new home", probably has the tragic significance of this fate besides the mutual affection in life?

He Zhu retired to Wuzhong as an official in his later years. He not only refused to pursue his career, but also looked on coldly, thinking about his dead wife, watching the corruption and darkness of this so-called imperial court, and watching the once Dasong dynasty fall into the abyss of fate. His extreme personality, his calm criticism, and the deep affection in his words are all aimed at not echoing this troubled times! In fact, it is all to show his independent personality and self-purification ethics. He wants to compare and reflect the hopelessness and darkness of this court and this era with a lonely fate, a lonely and affectionate nostalgia and a faint personality candle. So, in the seventh year of Xuanhe in Hui Zong, He Hezhu Fang Hui, who was poor and ill all his life but indifferent and calm, finally died in Changzhou Temple, and the year after his death was the first year of Jingkang. The next generation of national heroes, Yue Fei and Yue, said in "Man Jiang Hong": "Jingkang is ashamed, it is still snowing. When did the courtiers hate it? " Fang Hui, a renegade poet with the same fame as He Zuoxiu, is known as the temple army of Jiangxi Poetry School, and he even said bitterly: "Shao Sheng has gone south many times, and who does Jingkangbei want to be special?" When I was a child, I read the history of the former dynasty, and I saw tears for a few nights. "

He Zhu is lucky. At the age of 73, when he died, he didn't see the humiliation of his ancestors, and no one saw the "difficulty of getting well." But he actually used his maverick, his unique affection, his calm judgment, his faint candlelight, and even his wife's "old house and new house" to reflect the shame of those unscrupulous winners. Therefore, a person's love, a word of mourning, seemingly simple, actually contains an era and a lament of fate.

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