What is the most precious thing in Dawan country?

The sixty-third chapter of Wan Zhuan

Translated by Wang Yanhai

The Biography of Wan Lie, which explains the characters in Shuo Wen, records the historical biographies of the Western Regions, including Wan, Wusun, Kangju, Yueshi, Rest in Peace, Tiaozhi and Xiaba. Attached are nine things: Yi, Yu, Loulan, Gu,,,, Yi,; I was involved in ten things: Southwest China, Yi, Ran, Migration, Qiong, Bo, Yi, Kun, Yunnan, Yue, Wan and Wusun. Wan's last chapter was named "Wan Zhuan", which described the customs of various products in the western regions, and focused on Zhang Qian's two missions to the western regions, showing the subtle relationship between the Han Dynasty and the western regions.

The details of this article are suitable for the combination of narration and discussion, either in order or in order. Its paragraphs are well coordinated and its structure is wonderful (Wu Jiansi's Historical Records).

Wan was discovered by Zhang Qian in Jianyuan (before140-before 145). Lang Guan asked about surrendering to Xiongnu. It is said that the Huns attacked and defeated the Moon King. The moon ran away with a bone drinker and held a grudge against the Huns. The Han Dynasty wanted to attack the Huns. Some people say that if you want to send messengers to contact the Yue people, you must be recruited as a Langguan by the Huns, so that Gan Fu, a former slave of the Tang clan of the Yue people, can turn to Khan through the Huns. Living in Zhang Qian, I said: In January, before the Northern Han Dynasty could send an envoy, if I wanted to send an envoy to South Vietnam, the Han Dynasty could allow me to detain Zhang Qian for more than ten times, marry his child Zhang Qian, and keep Jeff, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, intact.

Zhang Qian stayed in Xiongnu, and his care for Xiongnu gradually relaxed. Zhang Qian fled to the Yue people and made dozens of trips to the west. I never heard that the Han Dynasty was rich. He tried to communicate with the Han Dynasty but failed. Seeing Zhang Qian, he asked Zhang Qian, What do you want? Zhang Qian said, "I ordered the Yueshi to stop the road, and the Huns fled today. I hope the Wang Sect will guide me and escort me. If the Yueshi can really reach the Yueshi, I will go back to the Han Dynasty and give the property to the king of the Han Dynasty. In words, I can fully recognize Zhang Qian, let Zhang Qianfa and send a guide to translate Li Taihou who died on the throne, and conquered and lived in the summer. The land is fertile and rich, and few enemies invade him. He feels comfortable and happy. He thought he was far away from the Han Dynasty and had no intention of retaliating against the Huns. After all, Zhang Qian's Xia family did not have a clear attitude of attacking Xiongnu with Yue family.

Ren Yue, Zhang Qian, lived along Nanshan and wanted to live in Qiang, but Anque Xiongnu captured Xiongnu and Khan died. Xiongnu left attack was too self-reliant and Khan's civil strife. Zhang Qian took the opportunity to escape with Hu's wife and Tang Yi's father. In the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian's father and Tang Yi's father were named kings.

Zhang Qian's powerful strength, broad-minded, honest and honest, and savage heart are all like the Xiongnu, the father of Tang Yi, who is good at archery. Every time he is vicious, he shoots birds and animals. At the beginning of the meal, Zhang Qian ordered Bai Sui to leave Han, thirteen Ganzu and two Han.

Zhang Qianwansuo, Yue Zhi, Xia, Kang Ju and other legends say that there are five or six people next to their home who have stated their situation to Korea:

Mahan, the ancestor of ten thousand Xiongnu, cultivated fields, planted rice and wheat, and produced wine, was in charge of seventy towns, with hundreds of thousands of people, cavalry, bows and spears, archery and horseback riding in the north, comfortable living in the west, Yueshi in the southwest, Wusun in the northeast, Weihe River in the west, and all rivers flowed eastward into salt marshes, which flowed from the source of the Yellow River in the south to the black.

About 2000 people settled in the northeast of Wusun Bay, and their homes moved with the need of grazing. The same is true of Xiongnu customs, where tens of thousands of soldiers are brave and good at fighting. They used to serve the Huns, and they were not willing to worship the Huns until their power was bound.

About 2,000 people in the northwest of Kangju Bay settled in the same place as the Yue family, and 890,000 soldiers fighting with bows were forced to serve the Yue family in the south and the Xiongnu in the east.

About 2,000 people live in the northwest of Kangju, Chae Yeon, and their homes are the same as the customs of Kangju. 100,000 archers are near the coast of Shui Ze, so it is almost the North Sea.

There are about two or three thousand people in the west of Yueshi Bay, which is located in the south of Guishui in the north. They rest in the west in summer and settle in the north. Due to the need of grazing, the family moved and fought against the customs of Xiongnu. 200,000 years ago, soldiers despised the Huns and rashly decided to defeat the Yue family. Xiongnu Khan killed the Moon King and made a drinking vessel out of his bones. At first, the moon lived in Dunhuang and Qilian. When the Huns were defeated, they attacked the summer in Jingwan, defeated them, and made them surrender to King Yue. The rest can be saved from the bones of the moon king. Nanshan Qiang lives in Ren Yue.

Rest in peace, there are thousands of custom settlements in the west of Yueshi. Rice and wheat are planted in farmland to make wine. The towns under the jurisdiction of Wantong are hundreds of earth circles, of which thousands are close to Guishui Market. It is intended to transport the goods to nearby people by boat or boat, or to cast coins with silver in thousands, saying that the elephant looks like a king and the king is dead. Changing money should imitate the king's face, horizontal characters and branches in the west, and Chae Yeon and Li Xuan in the north.

Near the hot and humid farmland in the West Sea, thousands of branches rest in the west, planting rice and laying eggs like jars. Many people often rest in peace, regard the jurisdiction as their peripheral home, make branches well, do magic and rest in peace. Legend has it that the branch is weak and the water is weak, but the Queen Mother of the West has seen it.

There are more than 2,000 people in the southwest of Xiawan, south of Guishui. The houses in the town are the same as those in Wan Wan. Without a monarch, every town is often equipped with a royal army, which is weak, afraid of war and good at business. When Yue's family moved westward and defeated Xia's rule, the people had a capital of about one million yuan, called the Blue City Trade Market, which sold all kinds of goods and drugs in the southeast of Xia.

Zhang Qian said: Xia saw Qiong spread bamboo and cloth, and asked,' What?' Xia said,' My business bought poison from thousands of customs and settlements in the southeast of Xia, making people ride elephants and fight near water.' I estimate that 22,000 people in Xia are in the southwest of Han, and the poison is in thousands of Shu counties in the southeast of Xia. Product description is far from Shu County, and it is very dangerous for Qiang people to live in summer. Going slightly north, the Xiongnu captured Shu and went straight. No intruder has ever heard of sunset glow, rest in peace and other exotic goods to live in. The residence of these people is very similar to that of the Han Dynasty. The army was weak and valued the property of the Han Dynasty. In the north, some troops of the Yue family, Kangju family and other families lured them to worship the Han Dynasty with gifts. If they can really use morality to expand their territory, they will be recruited by customs translators and let the prestige and kindness of the Han Dynasty spread all over the world. Emperor Wu readily recognized Zhang Qian as the commander of Shu County, Zhang Qian. Li County sent secret executors to deliver them at the same time in four ways: Lu Yi Farran Road, Migration Road and Xing Road each walked two thousand knots, and North Road was blocked by South Road. Kunming was blocked by Kunming, and no gentleman was good at robbing, stealing and killing the messengers who robbed the Han Dynasty. After all, the envoys of the Han Dynasty have never heard that there are more than 1,000 people riding elephants in the west of Kunming, and their families are all named Yueshu County in Yunnan. It was only in the Han Dynasty that merchants began to look for the way of summer.

Zhang Qian, as a captain, went to war with the army, and Wei Qing attacked the Huns, knowing that Shuicao and his army could be trapped, and the emperor named Wang Bohou of Zhang Qian Emperor Yuan Liu Shuo (former 193). Second, Zhang, Qian Weiwei and Li Jun's army suffered heavy casualties when they sent troops to attack the Xiongnu besieged in Beiping. Zhang Qian mistakenly agreed to the death penalty and spent money to atone for civilians. The Han Dynasty sent a title of generals in ancient times to defeat tens of thousands of Xiongnu in the west of Qilian Mountain. The second animal king led the people to surrender.

I have asked Zhang Qian about Xia and other things many times. Zhang Qian lost the marquis and said: I heard that King Wu Sun called Kunmo's father, the Western King of Xiongnu, and the Xiongnu attacked and killed Kunmo's father. Kunmo abandoned the wasteland and flew to feed him with meat; The wolf ran to feed him, and the strange god took him in and let him lead the army to fight. The people donated money many times. The people in the western regions stationed in Kunmo adopted people and attacked nearby towns during the command period. Gradually, tens of thousands of soldiers who can bow and fight are familiar with offensive and defensive skills. Kunmo led the people away from home and remained independent. He is willing to worship the Huns. Xiongnu sent commandos to attack Kunmo, but he didn't win. He realized that Kunmo was still far from restraint and control. He made a fierce attack. Khan is tired today. You can attract Wusun with rich property and move to the east. The original evil king accused and the Han Dynasty became brothers. According to the present situation, Kunmo should be able to accept the arrangement of cutting off the Xiongnu's right arm, and unite Wusun to recruit talents to be foreign minister. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty recognized that Zhang Qian said that Lang was appointed to lead three hundred horses, and every two horses, cows and sheep carried tens of thousands of dollars worth of cloth. Equipped with Jeff's deputy envoy, this road can go straight to the home next to the dispatcher.

In Zhang Qian, Wusun Wusun Wang Kunmo received the envoys of the Han Dynasty and treated the Huns with courtesy. In Zhang Qian, I was ashamed to know that barbarians were greedy. I said, send a gift to the king. Thank you for returning the gift. Kunmo got up and thanked you for receiving the gift. Zhang Qian explained to Kunmo that Wusun could move eastward. In the old Han Dynasty, the princes married Kunmo, and Wusun had separated the king from the Han Dynasty. He knew that the Xiongnu had belonged to him for a long time, and all the officials close to him were afraid that the Xiongnu would move. Decided alone, but Zhang Qian failed to make his name Lu, who was tough and good at leading the troops to live with ten thousand cavalry. Besides, Lu's brother and wife told Cen that they got married too early and died. His dying father, Kun Mo, said: Don't let Cen marry too much. Don't let Kunmo be sad, and promise to let Cen marry too many in the end. Dare not negotiate with Zhang Qian alone.

Zhang Qian sent envoys Wan, Kangju, Yueshi, Xia, Rest in Peace, Body Poison, Yutian, Xu, and several guides of Wusun School to translate and send messengers of Wusun School to see Zhang Qian. Zhang Qian * * * took dozens of newspapers to thank Han. By the way, let me have a peek at the situation of the Han Dynasty to solve it.

Zhang Qian Han Dynasty appointed officials ranked Jiuqing's death.

Wu Sun's emissary met the Han Dynasty and was rich. Wu Wang and Sun Yue paid more and more attention to the communication between Zhang Qian and Xia and other envoys in the Han Dynasty. His family was connected with the Han Dynasty in the early Han Dynasty in the northwest. Zhang Qian's envoys to the Western Regions all said that the princes of Bo trusted the envoys of the Han Dynasty outside.

After the death of Zhang Qian, the Duke of Bo, the Huns heard that Wusun of the Han Dynasty was very angry and wanted to attack Wusun. The envoys of the Han Dynasty, Wusun, Nandawan and Yueshi, dared not send envoys to the Han Dynasty, hoping to marry the princes of the Han Dynasty and become brothers with them. Ministers all say: princes can't get married until they get a dowry. The Book of Changes says: Wusun in the northwest of Shenma is called Wusun, and when Wanma grows stronger, it will be renamed Wusun, and Wanma will be named after Han. When the pavilion was built in Xicheng, Jiuquan County communicated with Northwest China to send messengers to rest and choose Cai, Yuan and Yuan for adjustment. In the Han dynasty, I liked to send envoys in an endless stream, so that there were hundreds of foreign envoys in each batch, and everything I carried with me was the same, which reduced the number of things I sent. The Han dynasty sent envoys to wait for more than a dozen batches, waited for five or six batches of envoys from afar, and only returned a few times.

With the demise of the Han Dynasty, cities in the south, Vietnam, Sichuan, southwest and south all requested the Han Dynasty to appoint officials to visit the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, Yizhou, (X,), Zhang (zāng Dirty) Ke, Shenli, Wenshan and other counties were established, trying to make the land contiguous. The Han Dynasty sent more than a dozen new counties such as Bai Shichang and Lu Yue to Xia Kun, but failed to reach the Han Dynasty in summer. Wei and Guang armies attacked Kunming, preventing the envoys of the Han Dynasty from slaughtering tens of thousands of prisoners. Kunming, the messenger of the Han Dynasty, was robbed and killed, and communication failed. The messengers from Jiuquan in the north of Xia arrived in Xialu, which has increasingly met the needs of the Han Dynasty. Some things are more valuable.

Since Wang Bohou's opening to the outside world, respect for officials and wealth has followed, making officials and soldiers compete to write books and talk about foreign things. Weird things and interests demand to be messengers. Han dynasty didn't want to accept the request. This is to recruit officials for Jeff. The people asked the people to send personnel to expand exchanges. The emissary was familiar with the embezzlement of cloth and silk property and deviated from his original intention. The charges angered him, and then he asked to be an envoy, making it easy for troublemakers to commit some official crimes. He repeatedly praised foreign things and said that he was awarded Jeff as an exaggerated deputy ambassador. Some meaningless virtues compete to serve the poor brother. The government presented gifts to the western region. Things take up and I want to sell them at a low price for personal gain, but I hate that the envoys of the Han Dynasty say that everything is heavy and heavy. It is really estimated that the army of the Han Dynasty could run out of food and let the envoys of the Han Dynasty suffer. The envoys of the Han dynasty were tired of supplies and broke off grievances in the western regions. As for the mutual attack on Loulan, Gu attacked Wang Hui, the envoy of the Han Dynasty, on the main road, especially the Xiongnu assault troops blocked the attack, which made the envoys of the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty compete to discuss the external harm. Although the military strength of the towns was weak and easy to attack, Zhao Ponu led his cavalry and tens of thousands of soldiers from various counties to attack the Huns on the Hungarian River. The Huns all dodged the second attack, and Zhao Ponu's hussars were the first to capture King Loulan alive. Gu besieged Wusun and Wan with victorious military power, and the Han Dynasty was blocked.

King Wusun married a girl of the Han Dynasty with thousands of horses. The Han Dynasty sent the royal family Jiangdu to marry the wife of Wu Sun Wang Kun Mo. Xiongnu sent the princess to marry Kunmo Kunmo. Zuo Fu Kun Mo said: I ordered Sun Cen to marry Wu Sun, the princess's wife, to produce four or five thousand rich horses.

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the emissary of the Han Dynasty arrived at a resting place, and the king ordered Guan to lead 20,000 cavalry to meet the eastern region separated from the king. Thousands of kings have to pass through dozens of towns and people, and even the envoys of the Han Dynasty have to return to rest. The emissary was sent to observe the unpredictable magic of bird eggs in the Han Dynasty, and dedicated it to the ancient masters in Wanxi and eastern Ivan.

The envoys of the Han Dynasty made great efforts to explore that the Yellow River originated in Yishan and was rich in jade. According to ancient books and investigations, the ambassadors named the source mountain of the Yellow River Kunlun Mountain.

Every time I go to the seaside, I let strangers follow me to various towns. I distribute money and rewards to prepare rich gifts to show the scale of the Han Dynasty, and let monsters attract onlookers to give rewards, so that strangers can visit warehouses and store materials. It can be seen that the Han Dynasty is full of surprises and magic skills need to be improved.

The emissary of the western regions changed to the western regions. All the messengers realized that they were far away from the Han Dynasty. They were proud, indulgent and comfortable, and adapted to the constraints of the Han Dynasty. They obeyed Hou's orders and let Wusun Xi 'an rest. When the Huns approached the Huns, the Yue people were troubled. Xiongnu messengers took Khan's letter, and some families took turns to supply food, so they dared to stop them and let them suffer. As for the situation of the Han dynasty, the Han dynasty was far away, and the money and goods of the Han dynasty were determined to buy things. Because grapes were used to make wine at that time, rich people kept more than 10 thousand stones for a long time, and dozens of them had bad customs. Drinking horses likes eating alfalfa. The ambassadors of the Han Dynasty planted grapes in fertile soil. The messenger of Ma Dynasty planted grapes and alfalfa beside palaces and other gardens. Although the language is the same as Xi 'an people, they understand each other, their eyes are sunken and their beards are good at doing business. Even the Thai baht is controversial. Customary respect says that the husband resolutely abides by it and dares to violate it. The ambassador of the Han Dynasty had no silk paint and knew how to cast money. Moreover,

The envoys of the Han Dynasty made the Western Regions gradually rise from the younger generation. After the envoys were familiar with the situation, they reported that Wanmar Shicheng was hiding and was willing to inform the envoys of the Han Dynasty. He likes to send ten thousand horses to strong men for chariots and so on. , holding a golden horse, asked Wang Wan to exchange it. Ma Wan, the East and West King of the Han Dynasty, discussed with his ministers and said: The Han Dynasty is far away from me, and I died many times after passing through salt marshes. If the Huns in the north invaded the south and the water plants were scarce, and the towns often lacked food, how could they send troops before every batch of Han envoys died of food hundreds of years ago? Besides, my second division, Ma Wan BMW, was willing to be angry with the Chinese ambassador, and casually threatened to smash the Golden Horse and leave Wan. The noble official said angrily: The Chinese ambassador looked down on me and sent the Chinese ambassador away, making the East Palace ban the Chinese ambassador from robbing property. You once asked Wan Yao and others to say that ten thousand troops were weak, which really led three thousand Han troops to a strong bow. The golden crossbow shot captured all the troops and defeated Wan. He once sent Zhuo Yehou to attack Loulan and led 700 cavalry to attack Loulan first. King Loulan recognized Yao and wanted to keep the appointed second son of Li Guangli in Fu-Hsiung Lee as a pet. He transferred 6,000 cavalry, and the county regulations were less than tens of thousands. Before that, he marched to the east and took a good horse with him. He was called the second division, Zhao, former Hao Hui, military director, a captain, and mastered military affairs. (Before 65438

The army of the Second Division has been in the west of Yanze, afraid that they will stick to the castle and be willing to provide food for the Han army. The Han army can attack the city and attack with food. It will take a few days for the Han army. Dayu's soldiers and thousands of people were hungry and exhausted to attack the defeated Han army. The Second Division discussed with Li Duo and Zhao Shi that Dayu could still attack his capital, but after the second retreat, he led the troops to retreat. Twelve ambassadors from Dunhuang returned, and the journey was long. The soldiers were afraid of war, and hunger was not enough to attack ten thousand troops. Hope to retreat temporarily and send troops to attack.

On the second day of the second lunar month (before 103), the marquis of Xiongnu in the Xia Dynasty lost 20,000 troops, and all the ministers hoped to stop fighting with Wan's military forces and concentrate on attacking Xiongnu. They had already attacked Wan Wan, but failed to attack Xia et al. They despised Wan of the Han Dynasty and never acted as a platform for Wu Sun, which easily added troubles to the envoys of the Han Dynasty. They laughed at punishing Wan Yuli Deng Guang and pardoning prisoners for their brave crimes, and sent more than 60,000 soldiers to Dunhuang, including some cows, 30,000 horses, donkeys and camels that brought their own food and clothes. There are all kinds of weapons. According to legend, more than 500,000 imperial cities were ordered to conquer 10,000. If there is no well, you should draw water from outside the city to the city. The Han army sent water conservancy projects to change the waterway of the city, so that the Han dynasty sent180,000 armored soldiers to guard Jiuquan and Zhangye North, and set up guards in Juyan and Xiutu counties. Jiuquan Han family dispatched all seven crimes to carry dry food and supply materials for the Second Division. Dunhuang appointed two famous horses as drivers and captains, ready to attack Wan.

The soldiers of Yu 'erjun did not meet them, but they all provided food for the Han army. Darren Renken surrendered and launched several massacres. They all arrived at xiping anda wangcheng, and the Han army reached 30 thousand. Wanjun met the Han army, defeated Wanjun with archery, retreated into the city, and guarded the Second Division against the city wall. Soldiers want to attack Yucheng, fearing to stay in it, making Wan more treacherous, attacking Wancheng ahead of time, cutting off its water source and changing its waterway. However, Wan has been deeply worried and trapped. The dangerous Han army surrounded Wancheng, and they discussed with each other that Wan Wang, who was attacked by the Han Dynasty, did not hide a good horse to kill the Han emissary. Now you want to kill all kings, but you want to offer good horses. If the army of the Han dynasty is cleared, it will be desperate and die in the future, and thousands of senior officials will agree. Kill Wang Wan, and I will send you to meet two divisions: the Han army will attack me, and I will leave all my good horses to choose and supply the Han army with food. I asked my good horse to kill Kangju reinforcements and drive our military city outside the city to fight the Han army. I hope the Han army will seriously consider He Kangju's scouts spying on China's military situation. When the Han army dared to attack the Second Division, Sok Li and others discussed: I heard that Wancheng approached Han to be familiar with well-drilling technology, and the grain and grass in the city were suitable for my purpose to kill the first offender. However, he promised to rescue the family and withdraw troops. He insisted firmly on the well-off army, peeped at the fatigue of the Han army, and then helped Wan defeat the Han army. People unanimously agreed to demand that Wan take out good horses for the Han army to choose from and supply them with food. The Han army selected dozens of good horses, waiting for 3,000 stallions and mares to stand in front of Wan Gui.