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Why did the Tathagata in The Journey to the West obey the Jade Emperor?
Wu Cheng'en lived in the late Ming Dynasty, when the feudal society was in its twilight years, with strict hierarchy and corrupt ruling class. As a scholar with extraordinary knowledge, Wu Cheng'en deeply felt the decline of society, so he wrote it into The Journey to the West in the form of fictional myth. In the story of Journey to the West, the immortals in the sky are also graded. Who are the immortals above? Wu Cheng'en chose the Jade Emperor from the traditional beliefs that China was familiar with. The Jade Emperor is like an emperor who arbitrarily rules all things on earth, in charge of 36 days and 72 places, in charge of all gods, immortals, buddhas and saints, and in charge of heaven, earth and hell. Therefore, whether it is the supreme "Sanqing" in Taoism or the miraculous Tathagata Buddha, they are vassals of the Jade Emperor and must obey him. At the same time, just like the disgust and contempt for the emperor in reality, Wu Cheng'en also portrayed the Jade Emperor as an incompetent vegetarian old man in The Journey to the West, which was extremely cynical. On the other hand, since Buddhism was introduced into China, it has had a great influence on China culture, but in order to take root and grow in China, it has also adjusted itself and made some compromises on China culture. Buddhism originally asked Buddhist disciples to break off the dust, regardless of home and country. China, who is in charge of "loyalty and filial piety", seems to have abandoned his father and turned his back on the monarch, which is a big transgression. For its own smooth development, Buddhism has to conform to the national conditions of China, advocating filial piety to parents, loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, even if it means becoming a monk. As a result, localized Buddhism has become a tool for the emperor to rule the society, and since Buddhist disciples rely on the gift of the emperor to eat, they can only be the subjects of the emperor. Therefore, although the Tathagata is supreme in the Buddhist world, he has become an ordinary figure in the immortal world of China and has to become a subject of the Jade Emperor. In this way, it is not surprising that the Tathagata surrendered to the Jade Emperor in the Journey to the West.
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