The capital of Zhou Wang is in Chao Ge, and Chao Ge is in Qixian. Why is the ruins of Yin Ruins in Anyang?

At first, I also thought that Du Yu was right. We can compare fairy tales with historical documents. I found that "the capital of Zhou Wang is in Chao Ge, and Chao Ge is in Qixian. How can Yin Ruins be in Anyang? " This is really a brain-burning problem, which is not only the contradiction between myth and history, but also the contradiction between history and history.

It is not Du Yu who described the Yin Ruins as Yin Ruins, because Zuo Qiuming recorded them. In fact, the yin deficiency here is a universal word, and the universal word is yin deficiency. Let's start with Shang Zhouwang's "Chao Ge", which also contains many reasons to subvert your ideas. As many people know, Chao Ge is a place that benefits from the large-scale classical myth series "The List of Gods".

However, the book of the gods made a mistake in pronunciation. Although it was not said that "Mao Di" was more serious than "Mao Zhi", it was still unacceptable to the people of Qixian County.

However, in the past, the people of Xunxian County were the most unacceptable, and now the people of Hebi Development Zone are the most unacceptable. Even the actors put Zhao Ge (Chao Ge) on the list of gods.

The TV series The List of Gods has a great influence, and many people regard Chao Ge as the authentic pronunciation. What Qixian people can't accept is that Chao Ge is the ancient name of Qixian County, and Chao Ge County was established during the reign of Emperor Hanzhao. Chao Ge was Wei Yi before it was designated as Chao Ge.

Then why couldn't the people of Xunxian accept it before? Chao Ge is indeed the ancient name of Qixian, but Shang Zhouwang's palace, especially Lutai, where the son of heaven died, is not in Qixian, but in Xunxian.

Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, also established a county in Hebi City, Henan Province, called Liyang County. What does Li Yang mean? It is the sun at dawn. What does that Korean song mean? Maybe singing to the morning sun.

According to the research of Qibin literature and history, Shang Zhouwang martyr Lutai is located between Liuzhai Community and Wangzhai Community in Juqiao Town, Qibin Development Zone, Hebi City.

Lutai is actually a typo, and its correct word is Yutai. Lin Sheng is a catering worker, while Lin Tai is actually the granary of Shang Zhouwang. Today, the Tangzhuang community in Juqiao Town was originally named Gongtang Village recorded on the stone tablet of "Jiajing Seven Years" in Ming Dynasty, and the palace here is the location of Shang Zhouwang's palace. However, personally, the court before and after Wei Town in Xun County is the real location of Shang Zhouwang Palace.

Gongtang Village was originally Gongtang Village, and Gongtang is the abbreviation of Gongyi Hall. Personally, I think the former dynasty should be the former dynasty, which is Shang Zhouwang's office; The harem hall should be the harem hall, where Shang Zhouwang's bedroom is located.

Since the palaces are all in Xun County, it is understandable that people in Xun County can't accept the wrong pronunciation of "Chao Ge". What's more, before 2008, let alone Liuzhai, Wangzhai and even the whole Juqiao Town belonged to Xun County. Even in 2005, the main body of qibin district was Dalaidian Town, Xun County.

In addition, we have always had a misunderstanding that Shang Zhouwang's statement is incorrect. Here, I especially want to add that although I have mentioned it many times before, the accurate statement should be Yin. It is also the Yin Ruins that we often talk about, not the ruins of Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty changed its name from Pan Geng to Yin. It is not that Pan Geng loves to move the capital. His ancestors loved to move the capital!

The birthplace of Shang Dynasty is in Shangqiu, Henan Province today, but since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shang Dynasty has become a "wandering dynasty".

They began to migrate, from Shangqiu (Bo) to Zhengzhou (Tao) one after another, and then went south to Anyang. But it should be noted that Anyang here is Anyang West, not later Yin but Xiang (place name). According to Zhang Heng, who invented the seismograph, it is recorded in Xijing Fu that the Shang (Yin) dynasty moved the capital 13 times, and Wang Guowei made textual research on the locations of the capital movement one by one.

Five Games: Zhong Ding moved its capital to Iraq (now south of Aoshan, Xingyang, Henan); He moved the capital (now west of Anyang City, Henan Province) and Zu Ti moved the capital to Xing (now Xingtai, Hebei Province); Nangeng moved its capital to Yan (now the east of Qufu, Shandong Province) and Pan Geng moved its capital to Yin (now the northwest of Anyang, Henan Province).

The Shang dynasty monarch loved to move the capital, and the world was so big that it was not here. The reason why he wants to see it is mainly for safety and development.

From Pan Geng to Zhou, the capital of Shang Dynasty. In BC 1298 (BC13191046+273), Pan Geng moved from Shangqiu, his hometown, but soon moved to northern Mongolia.

The process of moving northward was tortuous, and the nobles were unwilling. The main reason for moving the capital this time is to avoid natural disasters, but also to strengthen the control of the nobles. Yan was later Confucius' hometown Qufu, and Beimeng (now Xiaotun Village, northwest of Anyang City, Henan Province) was changed to Yin by Pan Geng in Anyang today, and the country name was also changed to Yin. This is very interesting. Yin Dynasty is Yin, which is as interesting as Singapore City, the capital of Singapore.

According to the Chronicle of Bamboo Slips of Guo Weizhu, Pan Geng moved to Anyang and never moved to the capital for 273 years after her immolation. But on second thought, it's not right. It is clearly recorded in Shenpu that the capital of Yin is a song of worship!

The Book of Gods is a mythical TV series, which originated from the mythical novel Book of Gods by Qin Long and Wanli in Ming Dynasty (also known as The Complete Biography of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, The History of Warrior Attacking Zhou Dynasty and Book of Gods). Although this is a mythical TV series and a mythical novel, it is not too wrong to say that Chao Ge is the capital.

This version of The Complete Biography of Shang and Zhou Dynasties was first formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is no longer reliable, so there is no need to fabricate the capital. In addition, the classical literature records that Chao Ge is its capital. The first paragraph, didn't I say? Du Yu, the originator of Du Fu, also said that Chao Ge is Yin Ruins! What is the truth?

In fact, Di Xin (Yin), as the capital of the Yin Dynasty, was not the first person. Justice in Historical Records seems to be as old as Annals of Bamboo Books. The latter said that he had not moved the capital for more than 200 years. The former said that Pan Geng's nephew, Wu Ding (a good husband), and a generation of Ming Di Yin (often wrongly called Shang) established their capital in the southern city, also known as Wuding City, which was the later city.

However, Wuding quickly moved back to Beimeng, and then Wuyi, Wending, Diyi and Di Xin moved their capital here again and again, and changed the city into the capital. Yin also upgraded Miandu Old Town, which is very large and has been adjacent to Chao Ge Mountain in the west of the city. Yin likes traveling. He looks at the capital from the mountain and sings in the sun, so he turns the capital into a pilgrimage song.

Chao Ge, the capital of the Yin Dynasty, was in ruins, so it is reasonable to call it Yin Ruins. The Yin Ruins we often talk about are generally Anyang in the north of Wuyang, Henan (including county-level Wuyang).

If there is no TV series named "List of Gods", perhaps too many people only know that Anyang is the capital of Yin, and Anyang is the ruins of Yin, but they don't know that Chao Ge is also the capital. Then the question is, which is the authentic Yin Ruins, Anyang or the south of Hebi Development Zone (which can't be narrowly understood as Qixian County)? Or in other words, which is the capital of the Yin Dynasty, Anyang or the south of Hebi Development Zone? Were there two capitals in the Yin Dynasty?

There were more than two capitals in the Yin Dynasty, and people had four capitals, okay? The authentic capital is Anyang, which is a veritable capital. Sandu, including the south of Hebi, can only be regarded as the capital of the palace.

Anyone familiar with history knows that there are two Beijing systems, three capital systems and five Beijing systems in Chinese history. In fact, the earliest origin still belongs to the Yin Dynasty (Shang Dynasty). In the later period of the Yin Dynasty, four capitals were established, namely Anyang, Chao Ge, Dune and Handan. And this "integrated" system of one line and four capitals is Yin's initiative, which is not what I am talking about. There are historical records as evidence.

Obviously, from the historical records, Chao Ge's "presence" and "appearance rate" are obviously higher than Handan and Dune, which shows the status of Chao Ge. In other words, this capital is also graded, and it is also divided into one, two and three grades.

According to the capital city, especially the first capital city, Du Yu said that Yin Ruins are a song of offering sacrifices to heaven. After all, worshipping songs is not only the land of the Yin Dynasty, but also the first capital! If Yin Ruins are located outside the real, unique and formal country, there is only one answer, and that is Anyang.

The relationship between Chao Ge and Anyang is very similar to the capital and administrative center of Sri Lanka and Germany. Sri Jayawardene Prakot is the capital of Sri Lanka, but its administrative headquarters is located in Colombo. The capital of Germany is Berlin, but its seat of government is Bonn.

"Yin people moved repeatedly, and the first eight were followed by five." Zhang Heng's Xijing Fu in the Eastern Han Dynasty said that "Yin people moved repeatedly, and the first eight were followed by five." According to legend, Shang moved the capital eight times before the formation of the Tang Dynasty, that is, the so-called "self-appointment to Tang 8 thousand" in Historical Records Yin Benji, which Yin people called the first public period; In the Tang Dynasty, the Shang King of Xia Hou moved the capital five times. "The Last Five Years" is an article in Shangshu Pan Geng, which says that "the late king had clothes, but he kept his destiny, was restless and didn't often leave the city, so he is now in Wuzhou".

Regarding Qi Jufan's "Eight Games", Mr. Wang Guowei textual research: Qi Jufan is moving. Zhao Mingju moved stones for the second time. Obviously, turning to business is a three-step process. Xiangtu moved eastward to Mount Tai, then returned to Shangqiu, and moved four times and five times. Yin Hou (Shang Jiawei) moved to Yin, returned to Shangqiu, and moved six times and seven times. From the early Tang Dynasty to the early Bo Dynasty and from the early Wang Dynasty, it was the "Eight Lucks".

In the latter five years, it is generally believed that Zhong Ding moved to the western regions, congratulated him on his move, moved his ancestral town to Xing, and moved to Nan Geng, but Pan Geng made its capital in Yin (now Anyang, Henan). Therefore, "by the end of the year, not all people will migrate in 273", so Shang can also be called Yin or Yin Shang.

It can be seen that there are actually many capitals in Shang Dynasty, but only three are the most famous. It is Bo, the capital of Shang Tang at the beginning of its establishment, its hometown, the Yin Ruins established by Shang King Pan Geng, and the capital of national subjugation.

On the Capital Status of Yin Ruins from the Literature (1)

Among the ancient documents we have seen so far, the earliest record of Pan Geng's migration to Yin is bamboo script. However, due to the scattered bamboo slips, the quotations of various factions are different.

From these different records, it can be generally affirmed that Pan Geng moved to Beimeng and three or four miles south of Yan 'an. Judging from the above records, the land of Yin should be in Anyang today.

In addition, a large number of Oracle Bone Inscriptions have been found in Anyang area. These Oracle Bone Inscriptions are basically related to the life of Shang kings and royal families, covering all aspects of political life, from Wuding to Diyi and Di Xin. It can also be explained from another angle that it may be the seat of the political center at that time.

(B) from the perspective of archaeological excavations

1. Yin ruins have capital elements.

Judging from the current archaeological excavation results, the scope of Yin Ruins is roughly from the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway in the east, from Guzhuang and Xiaoying to Qiukou in the north, from the north-south extension line of the western wall of Anyang Iron and Steel Company (west of Beixinzhuang) to Qijiazhuang and Liujiazhuang in the south (roughly bounded by Wanjin District), including three parts: key area, general area and peripheral area.

From the analysis of the above data, Yin Ruins have the elements of a capital city. Therefore, the ruins of Yin Ruins in Anyang should be the ruins of the capital.

2. When Yin Ruins were used as the capital.

Judging from the archaeological situation of Yin Ruins at the present stage, it is likely that the construction of Yin Ruins began during the Pan Geng period. There are cultural relics in Yin Ruins earlier than Wuding, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions, palace ruins, tombs and unearthed artifacts. The lower limit of the capital of Yin Ruins was the same as that of "not moving the capital" recorded in the bamboo annals until Di Xin's death.

The development trend of Yin ruins culture is from small to large, from weak to strong, and it continues to develop, with a continuous use period of more than three or four periods. During the period of Diyi and Di Xin, the sites were large in scale and widely distributed, and the pits and ash pits in the residential sites were dense, indicating that the population living in Anyang at the end of Yin Dynasty was very dense, and there was no decline or interruption after the political center moved away.

According to the ancient bamboo book Chronicle, Chao Ge's political status is "when it is slightly larger than its city, it is separated from Chao Ge in the south and Handan and sand dunes in the north, all of which are separated from the palace." In Di Xin's time, at least three people left the palace: Chao Ge, Handan and Dune. "Expanding Records" says: "The ancient city of Duge Chaoge, 73 miles northeast of Weizhou, is also the capital of Benmei Town and Wuding in Yin Dynasty." It is clearly pointed out here that Chao Ge was originally a "sister city" and may be a settlement. Li Gong was founded by Shang King Wu Ding.

By the end of Shang Dynasty, Chao Ge's political position became more and more prominent. After Wuding, sister city became an important political center.

Judging from the above statement, Geng Ding, Wuyi and Diyi all moved to the same place-Hebei, that is, Chao Ge. The "migration" here is more like the Shang King shuttling back and forth between Chao Ge and another political center, which shows that Chao Ge has gradually surpassed the general separation from the palace and its political status is becoming more and more important.

In addition to pointing out that a king "migrated" to Chao Ge, there are also many records in ancient literature, clearly pointing out that Chao Ge is the "capital" or "yin deficiency".

This shows Chao Ge's position as the political center. Because of its very important political position, there is a record of "Zhoudu" in ancient literature.

From the above analysis, we can see that Chao Ge's political status has changed remarkably. At the beginning of its construction, Chao Ge existed as an independent palace. By the end of Shang Dynasty, Chao Ge had surpassed the general detached palace and even became the political center of Shang Dynasty.

The relationship between Yin Ruins and Chao Ge is 1. Anyang Yin Ruins and Chao Ge are both within Wang Ji.

There are some sayings in Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, such as Shang, Shang Zhong, Yi Yi Shang and Tian Yi Shang. Among them, the divination "Wang Qiren is in business" is the most, and the "business" here seems to refer to the capital. In addition, it is recorded in Shangshu Toz that the Duke of Zhou warned the Yin nobles that it was "business as soon as possible": "Today is another day: Xia Dijian was in Wang Ting and once held a post. Give a person only the virtue of listening and using, and dare to ask Tianyi merchants for help? " In this regard, Luo Zhenyu and Wang Guowei interpreted "righteous businessman" as "Wang Ji".

At the same time, according to the scope of "Yin country" recorded in "Warring States Policy Wei Ceyi": "Zuo Mengmen, Zhang You, kettle, river in front, mountain behind." "Yindi" here should refer to Ji Wang in Shang Dynasty, and Mengmen is an important pass of Taihang Mountain west of Huixian County, Henan Province. That is to say, in the late Shang Dynasty, Ji Wang had Taihang Mountain on the left, Zhangshui and Kettle Water on the right, the Yellow River in front, mountains in the back, and natural barriers on all sides. It can be speculated that the scope of "Dayi quotient" or "Tianyi quotient" is relatively wide. Yin Ruins in Anyang are in the center of Wang Ji, while Chao Ge is in the south of Wang Ji. Yin Ruins in Anyang and Chao Ge are both in Wang Ji.

2. The political function of Anyang Yin Ruins is different from that of Chao Ge Yin Ruins.

According to Chen's Summary of Oracle Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, there are six Oracle bones unearthed in Anyang in the first and second periods, among which the second to fourth people all have Oracle inscriptions in Zhou Sacrifice. This shows that during the period of Diyi and Di Xin, there were still national sacrificial activities in the Yin Ruins in Anyang. Yin Ruins in Anyang have always existed as the main place, which has different functions from Song Chao. Generally speaking, the Yin Ruins in Anyang should be mainly ancestral halls of princes and nobles, while Song Chao is mainly a military town and a hunting and entertainment place, especially its military base, which cannot be ignored. The more it reached the end of Shang Dynasty, the more important it became. Take the battle of Makino as an example. This is the place where King Wu fought. Zhou Wang was defeated, and then Chao Ge fell. Due to the loss of the avant-garde military town, the main military forces were defeated, and the Yin Ruins in Anyang, as the capital, were destroyed without fighting, and the rule of the whole Shang Dynasty came to an end.

Of course, in addition, the political center of the late Shang Dynasty has a number of characteristics besides Yin Ruins and Chao Ge, namely "Cheng Tang's former residence" recorded in Bo literature, the residence of the late Shang Dynasty:

Compared with Yin Ruins in Anyang, this capital city may be just the capital city. As for the specific status of the capital city set up by Pan Geng, it is difficult to determine due to the lack of literature. According to Records of the Historian Yin Benji, "Emperor Geng Ding collapsed, his son Li Wuyi and his father Yin went to Hebei", which seems to explain that it was abolished again during the period from Tang Yi to Wuyi. It can be concluded that Tang Yi should be one of the political centers of Shang Dynasty from Pan Geng to Wuyi.

Conclusion: The capital system in the late Shang Dynasty should be a system in which many political centers coexist, including Yin or Yin Ruins (now Anyang Yin Ruins), Chao Ge and Tang Cheng's former residence. The relationship between these political centers is inferred as follows: Yinxu in Anyang is the capital and the main political center; Chao Ge was one of the political centers in the late Shang Dynasty. At the end of Shang Dynasty, it was impossible to define whether Diyi and Di Xin developed into a city because of their long-term residence. However, Chao Ge's political status may have risen to become a major political center, and it is called the "capital" in the literature. Meanwhile, Anyang has strong religious significance. Tang Cheng's former residence may be the capital of Pan Geng to Wuyi in the late Shang Dynasty.

Because Anyang was an important place for religious sacrifices in Wuding and later Shang Dynasty, a large number of cultural relics were unearthed here, and Chao Ge was probably the imperial capital of Shang Dynasty in Zhou Wang period, so archaeological discoveries were relatively few, and there was no contradiction between them.

The main reasons are as follows:

First, the conclusion that Yin Ruins in Anyang were not the capital of Shang Dynasty was questioned by many scholars at home and abroad as early as 1970s.

First of all, if Xiaotun Village in Anyang is really the capital, why haven't any traces of the city wall been found so far? The Shang family made many enemies and fought everywhere. How can the most important capital be without wall guards? !

Secondly, in the ruins of Yin Ruins, all the unearthed Oracle Bone Inscriptions came from King Wuding of Shang Dynasty. If Pan Geng really moved the capital here, why is there no trace of him?

Moreover, in the ruins area, no large-scale ruins such as streets and Miyagi have been found, which is completely inconsistent with the nature of the capital; Moreover, if the place where Fu Hao's tomb is found belongs to the imperial palace, why is it that a country is buried in the imperial palace instead of the imperial tomb? This case alone really doesn't make sense.

Second, the ruins of Yin Ruins are likely to be "ancestral halls", "altars" and "mausoleum areas". As mentioned above, there are indeed many doubts about whether Yin Ruins are the Imperial Capital. So, if not the capital, where is it?

As we all know, Shang people attached great importance to sacrifice and divination. Therefore, they probably chose a geomantic treasure-house near the Imperial Capital as the mausoleum area of the royal family, and also as an important place to worship ancestors and gods. This can also explain why so many Oracle bones are found here, and the tombs of the Shang ruling class such as Fu Hao will also be found here.

There are many such examples. For example, from Qin Shihuang to Han Wudi, several generations of emperors chose Yongdi (now Fengxiang County, Baoji) as an important sacrificial place. Here, archaeologists discovered not only large altars and sacrificial pits, but also palaces (possibly royal palaces).

Qin Dou Xianyang/Han Chang 'an City is not close to Fengxiang County, 150 kilometers, which is about twice the distance from Anyang Yinxu to Qixian Chao Ge (about 80 kilometers)!

It can be seen that it is very possible for Shang emperors to build tombs and places of worship outside the capital.

Third, Chao Ge in Qixian County was the real capital of the late Shang Dynasty, which was clearly recorded in the literature, such as Historical Records of Zhou Benji:

The Chronicle of the Emperor also includes:

Since then, a large number of historical records also recorded that Chao Ge was the capital of Shang Dynasty after Wuding or Diyi.

In addition, from the standpoint of Makino War (south), he died in, and after the demise of Shang Dynasty, Zhou people also put the main aftermath in other places. It can be seen that Chao Ge must be the capital of the late Shang Dynasty. Many scholars also said that Chao Ge should have been the military center of Shang Dynasty since Wuding Dynasty. After Di Xin succeeded to the throne, he moved his capital here in order to expand to the southeast.

To sum up, it is true that Zhou Wang Capital worships Qixian songs. As for why the ruins of Yin Ruins appeared in Anyang instead of sacrificing to the Song Dynasty, it was mainly because the Shang royal family put religious sacrificial sites and some tombs in Anyang. The Forbidden City is in Beijing, and the emperor's cemetery is in the Ming Tombs. Maybe thousands of years later, some stupid experts will discover the site of the Ming Tombs and declare the Ming Tombs as the site of Beijing. It is said that Qixian was originally under the jurisdiction of Anyang, so Qixian did not dare to refute it when compiling history. Qixian County is an ancient song, but Anyang took away the name of the ancient capital. Now, history is repeating itself. The Lutai Temple in Ming Dynasty is located in Dashuitou Village in the west of Qixian County, but Hebi City has built a Lutai on the north bank of Qihe River. Some experts say that the gate of Qishui in Gaocun faces south, and now qibin district is the ancient Song Dynasty. Without justice, Qixian county is unique from geography to literary age. Geography on three sides. Qixian County was beautiful thousands of years ago. Qihe River and Canghe River are rivers with large water volume. It is a natural moat in Qixian County. Qihe River and Canghe River meet in the southeast of Qixian County and join the Yellow River. For thousands of years, the Yellow River has changed its course countless times. The only constant is the ancient Qihe River, and the waterway in history is the main traffic artery. A lot of poems in The Book of Songs are about Qihe River. In addition to customs and culture, a large number of ancient place names in Qixian and its surrounding areas originated from Shang culture, including Mu Ye in the south, Bigan Temple in the north and Zhou Wang Dian Village in the territory. Star-picking platform, Lutai pavilion, covered mountains and rivers, etc. The culture of Qixian County is even more unique. Wei Hui in the south and Tangyin in Anyang in the north all have sounds, such as children, chopsticks and chairs, all of which are children, chopsticks and chairs. The seven sages in the middle never talk about children and chopsticks, but children, chopsticks and chairs. Just like Beijing accent, Beijing flavor. There is no doubt that Qixian was the ancient Song Dynasty, but Anyang said that the ancient capital was Anyang, and Hebi said that the Song Dynasty was Hebi, fighting and robbing.

Seeing that some people suspect that Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan Province are not the capital of Shang Dynasty, I can't help but answer a question. In fact, in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, many people doubted whether Chao Ge was the capital of Shang Zhouwang, and the view that Anyang Yinxu was the capital of Shang Dynasty was almost unbreakable. However, with the deepening of research, some people began to question whether the "Yin" of "Pan Geng moved to Yin" refers to the Yin Ruins in Xiaotun Village, Anyang.

Let's talk about why Yin Ruins are in Anyang. "Yin Ruins" is generally interpreted as "the ruins of the capital of Yin Shang Dynasty". According to legend, at the end of 14 BC, Pan Geng and his subjects came to Huan River in Henan Province from Qufu, Shandong Province, and established their capital here. After the discovery of tombs and palace sites in Yin Ruins, there is a passage in Wang Guowei's Yin Shuo:

Since then, the Yin Ruins in Anyang have been basically identified as Yin in Pan Geng's Moving to Yin. In many general history, Yin Ruins in Anyang are also considered as the capital of Shang Dynasty.

Opponents question the basis mainly in the following aspects:

(1) According to the Chronicle of Bamboo Slips, Pan Geng moved from Yin to Zhou and did not move the capital in 273. In this case, the place where Pan Geng moved its capital should be Chao Ge.

(2) Oracle Bone Inscriptions discovered in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, but Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Pan Geng period has not been discovered.

(3) The site scale is not large enough, which is much worse than Yanshi Mall. And no city wall remains were found in the ruins of Yin Ruins in Xiaotun Village.

Inferred from this, the ruins of Yin Ruins are probably just a simple tomb rather than a capital. Therefore, the word "Yin" in "Pan Geng moved to Yin" does not refer to Yin ruins.

Here, I want to say that more than 80 building sites have been discovered in Yin Ruins, not just tombs. In addition, although the ruins of the city wall were not found, trenches were found, and the effect was similar.

So, where do opponents think Pan Geng moved to? Some people say that they moved the capital to Yanshi, some people think that Pan Geng moved the capital to Zhengzhou, and some people think that Pan Geng moved the capital twice.

In fact, according to the records in the literature, the Shang kings in different periods moved their capitals many times, some said they moved their capitals five times, and some said they moved their capitals eight times. If you move from Bo to Xiang, why do you move from Bo to Xiang? In the south, you move from Pixian to An, and in Pan Geng, you move from An, which is called Yin. As for the famous, it is said that Wu Ding (a good husband) is likely to move the capital here, which was then called Mo. There is a saying in Historical Records: "The capital sang in harmony, 73 miles northeast of Weizhou City, and also in the old city. Ben Mo Yi, the capital of Wuding, the king of Yin. "

The Shang Dynasty experienced 3 1 king from Shang Tang to Shang Zhouwang, which lasted nearly 600 years. During this period, the capital moved frequently, and it was not impossible for a capital to rise and fall. Shang Zhouwang's tomb was not found in Yin Ruins, so Chao Ge must be the capital of Shang Zhouwang. There are indeed many people who think that Yin Ruins are probably just tombs of Shang Dynasty.

Oracle bone inscriptions clearly record that the capital of Shang Dynasty is called "Dayi Shang", which is the ruins of Yin Ruins in Anyang City, Henan Province today.

Shang Dynasty is the only central dynasty in the history of China with no city walls. So how to defend the capital? It is to build satellite cities around the capital to form urban agglomerations. Chao Ge mentioned in this question is a satellite city, and there are several satellite cities, so Chao Ge is neither the capital nor the capital.

The hunting ground around Dayi merchants is called "Yuan Yin", and merchants call their country Shang Dynasty, not Yin Dynasty. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed Shang Dynasty, he called Shang Dynasty Yin Dynasty and merchants Yin people. Using the word "Yin" of "Yuan Yin" to refer to the merchants in the capital city of Dayi is actually a slander on the capital city of Shang Dynasty, just like calling a city "Datunzi" today.

Shang Zhouwang was the last Ren Huang in Shang Dynasty, and the capital city once again sang songs, which is today's Qixian County in Henan Province. Why is Yin Ruins in Anyang?

This can be traced back to Shang Tang, when the ancestor of Shang Dynasty was Qi, and Qi was his younger brother.

The title deed was sealed by the merchants, and the title deed was today's Shangqiu. According to historical records, the deed moved to Shang Tang eight times, and Shang Tang's place of business was Fang Guo of Xia Dynasty. Due to Xia Jie's cruelty, Shang Tang's commercial status began to rise, then defeated the Xia Dynasty and exiled Xia Jie to Nanchao.

Shang Tang got the temple name of Shang Taizu after his death because of the establishment of Shang Dynasty, but Shang Tang's son failed to ascend to the throne because of his early death, so Shang Tang's grandson, Waibing, acceded to the throne and lived in Shangqiu again.

After Wedge's death, Tai Jia ascended the throne, but there is also a saying that Yi Yin released Tai Tong. Tai Jia died twenty years after he ascended the throne, and Woding ascended the throne after Tai Jia's death, and Woding lived again.

After the death of Woding, Xiao Geng ascended the throne and lived in another place (now Shangqiu). Jony J, Yongji and Dawei all acceded to the throne. During the Great Wei Dynasty, due to the revival of business ethics, Taiwu was also called Shang Zhongzong by later generations.

Tai Wu Hou and Zhong Ding moved from Hao (Shangqiu) to Xiao (northwest of Zhengzhou). After Zhong Ding, the foreign minister acceded to the throne in Xiao, and after He Qi acceded to the throne, he moved the capital from Xiao to Xiang (now Anyang West, Henan).

After He's death, Zu Ti acceded to the throne and moved the capital from Xiang (western Anyang) to Geng (another name for Geng is Xing, whose place name is now Xingtai, Hebei). There are two kinds of arguments, one is Shanxi, and the other is wen county, which is controversial. Zu Ti moved the capital from Geng to Pi (Yuncheng, southeast of Fan County, Shandong Province).

Zuxing, Zuding and Nan Geng were all in Bibi, and Nan Geng moved from Bibi to Yan (Qugao, Shandong Province) for three years. Pan Geng ascended the throne after his re-election, and moved his capital to Beimeng (now Xiaotun Village, Anyang) for fourteen years.

Pan Geng, Xiaoding, Wu Ding, Zujia, Fengxin, Gengding and Wuyi were all in Yin (Anyang), and Wuyi moved to Hebei in three years.

After Wen Ding acceded to the throne, Guo Duyun (Chao Ge, Henan Province) returned to Yindu, after Wen Ding's death, Dee acceded to the throne, and after Dee's death, Di Xin acceded to the throne (namely Shang Zhouwang). Zhou Wang moved to Chao Ge, also known as the last capital of Shang Dynasty.

Yin Ruins in Anyang is the capital of Pan Geng and Wu Ding, and the empress of Wu Ding is Fu Hao, who is also the first recorded female general in history. This is the origin of Fu Hao's tomb in Anyang Yin Ruins.

Shang Dynasty moved the capital back and forth until Pan Geng came to power.

Bigan in the List of Gods was killed when he walked to Bigan Temple in Weihui, which seems to be a story. In fact, you will know that it is only a matter of stepping on the gas pedal for a few minutes. Bigan Temple is particularly close to the Star Picking Platform in Chao Ge City, as well as Chaoyang Palace, Jiuchi Meat Forest, Lutai, Yunmeng Mountain and Guling Mountain. In fact, the cadre was seriously injured in the palace and died on his way home. At that time, there were no cars, but they were carrying them or planks. The northeast of Weizhou recorded in the ancient book Shan Hai Jing is Chao Ge. As for Yin Ruins, they are ancestral temples or tombs, which are well preserved because they are buried deep underground. Including the famous ancient book Annals of Bamboo Books unearthed from Weihui Ancient City, which was used to revise and correct the Chronicle of China.

Shang dynasty should be the dynasty that moved the capital the most. According to the warring States ancient book "Shi Ben ju pian", the Shang dynasty moved its capital "eight before five", that is, it moved its capital eight times before it became soup and five times after it was destroyed.

Wuyi of Shang Dynasty established its capital here, which is called Chao Ge. When King Wu Yin Keshi, Di Xin was defeated by Konoha on the outskirts of Chao Ge, and the Shang Dynasty perished. Pacify the rebellion of the three prisons, and divide the area before the Yin and Shang Dynasties into three parts: Ye in the north, Wei in the south and Yan in the east. Kang Shu was sealed in Wei, with Chao Ge as its capital for hundreds of years. In the Han Dynasty, Chao Ge County was established; Korean songs still played a certain role in the rebellion of the Eight Kings in the Western Jin Dynasty. Qi zhou in Yuan Dynasty; It was changed to Qixian County in Ming Dynasty.

Just a few tens of kilometers away, the capital at that time was very large, and the Shang Dynasty was much more advanced and prosperous than the Zhou Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty was actually a peak of China civilization, and the Zhou Dynasty suddenly declined. It was not until the middle of the Han Dynasty that it recovered to the level of the Shang Dynasty, and then it suddenly declined in the Three Kingdoms, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that it recovered to the level of the Shang Dynasty.