What are the eighteen weapons often mentioned in storytelling?

The theory of "eighteen weapons" and "eighteen martial arts" is a general term or budgetary estimate, and there are many formulations.

Traditional weapons are "nine long and nine short". Nine short: knife, sword, whip, mace, crutch, axe, stick, vertebra and pestle. Jiuchang: knife, gun, stick, shovel, fork, clank, hook, spear, halberd.

In Ming Dynasty, Jiajing Guo Xun printed the second edition of Outlaws of the Marsh, "Wang privately entered Yan 'an Mansion, and Jiulong made trouble in Shijiazhuang": "Shi Jin invited Wang to pull eighteen kinds of martial arts every day and taught him from the beginning one by one. Eighteen martial arts? Spear, hammer, bow, crossbow, spear, whip, hammer, sword, chain, blade, axe, cymbal, halberd, card, stick, gun and fork. "

Xie Mingzhao's Five Miscellanies Volume 5: "Orthodoxy has changed, and warriors are recruited all over the world. Li Tong, a native of Shandong, taught the capital and tried his hand. He is omnipotent and invincible, and should be the first choice. " The eighteen styles are: one bow, two crossbows, three guns, four knives, five swords, six spears, seven shields, eight axes, nine cymbals, ten halberds, eleven whips, twelve hammers, thirteen rafts, fourteen rafts, fifteen forks, sixteen rakes, seventeen cotton rope lassos and eighteen white blows. )

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Chu people were awarded the Collection of Strong Hearts: "Eighteen martial arts in Jin Dynasty, including bows, crossbows, guns, knives, swords, spears, shields, axes, cymbals, whips, maces, fists, forks, handles, cotton lassos, stabbings and beating in vain, * *.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Chu people's Selected Works of Sword continued: "spear, vertebra, bow, crossbow, spear, whip, mace, sword, chain, handle, axe, spear, halberd, card, stick, gun and fork."

* * *

Eighteen Weapons-Knife

The broadsword was originally a sharp weapon in the era of automobile war. At first it stopped chopping, and at first there was no deification to control the enemy. Its function is almost the same as that of Zhang Ba Snake Spear. Fu Cha's descendants, the political reform, chariots and horses, and soldiers with broadswords, knew the shortcomings of winning by law, and according to their own war experience, they came up with various methods to help kill the enemy with broadswords and control the results, so there were various changes. The most famous broadsword is Wang Guan's sword, and the cover is Guan Yu's knife method; There is a Wang Guan Dao in The Three Kingdoms, which weighs 82 Jin and is 10 foot long. The ancient system is shorter than today's system, only eight feet long, with strange ears. The broadsword of this world is covered in this way, that is, the knife method has changed because of this. There are more than one kind of broadsword, such as shifting wind knife, fork knife, nine-ring knife and double-edged knife. They are all broadswords with different styles and different names. For its usage, all roads lead to the same goal, and there is no big difference at first; Therefore, Wang Guandao. It can be said that it is the ancestor of broadsword, from which all other broadswords were born. Although there are various changes, none of them can be deified accurately and perfectly. Today, this knife is used as a handout, which is good for the public and the people, and also follows the ancient law.

Han Liuxi's "Release the Soldiers by Interpreting the Names": "When the Dao arrives, it means cutting it to its position and hitting it. At its end, it says that if a bee stings, it will be poisonous and beneficial. Its original name is ring, and it looks like a ring. Its rooms are cut, cut and steep. Its shape is steep, and it wraps the blade. The decoration of the muzzle is called sticking, sticking and holding the beam mouth. The decoration at the end of the next stage is called "Ai", "Ai" and "Humble", which is the next word. The short knife said to shoot the moustache and shoot it next to it when shooting; Some people say that this is a slap in the face, and some people have seen it. "Ai Yu+Beibei.

Guo Ziheng's Cave Ghost: "The Yellow Emperor took the gold from the first mountain and cast it as a knife." ("Beginner, Wu Bu, Dao")

Introduction Notes on Martial Trail: There are three kinds of knives in the past dynasties: Wudao, Chidao, Rongdao, Luan Dao, Zheng Dao, Meng Lao, Xi Lirong Dao, Kunwuyu Knife, Minghong Dao, Bai Bi Bao Dao, Bailian, Qingdui and Yiying.

Cao Pi's Dian Lun: "The king of Wei made all kinds of treasures, one for the spiritual treasure, the other for the chapter, and the third for the quality. He also made a stranger's knife, a long forest knife. "

Liang Tao Hongjing's Records of Ancient and Modern Swords (included in Han and Wei Series) p747.

"Wu and Jian Chu Ji": "Chunqiu Bo": "Li Sheng, the sword is on the left, and the dragon is like it; The knife is on the right, and so is the white elephant. "

Han Liuxi explained his name and released his soldiers: "Sabre, the sword beside it, or Rong Dao, has a knife shape but no blade, just for beauty."

Knife is one of the earliest weapons in China. Primitive people used it to cut, chop, scratch or cut the skin of animals. Bronze knives in Shang Dynasty were born out of primitive stone knives, and large combat knives appeared. Ring-headed knives used in the Zhou Dynasty were not only used in the Han Dynasty, but also spread to Japan and Korea. The emperors and ministers of the Han Dynasty wore swords instead of swords, so the role of knives was particularly prominent in the Han Dynasty.

"Three Talents Use Instruments" Volume 6: "Wang Guan's crescent knife is extremely powerful, and his thirty-six knife skills are unyielding in the face of soldiers. This is the first of the knives. "

In the Tang dynasty, it was gradually changed to a ring-less handle-mounted knife, and its military application exceeded that of a sword.

"The Book of the Tang Dynasty Du Chuan": "Fu Wei Yi people are also good at using double-edged knives. They have long been famous for their knives, killing several people with one knife. "

The Song Dynasty inherited the systems of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. The traditional single knife has only one color, with a heavy shape and a wide iron blade. Another kind of broadsword is widely used, such as machete, moon knife, etc. Eyebrow sharp knife, phoenix mouth knife, pen knife, etc.

Imitating Japanese Dao in Ming Dynasty, using both hands to hold the handle as a long Dao can cut off or damage the handle of the opposing long soldier. Qi Jiguang's Book of Ji Xiaoxin: "Long Dao has existed since Japanese invasion of China. If you jump well, you can jump more than ten feet. If the knife is five feet long, it is five feet long. Our soldiers are difficult to pick up short weapons, long weapons are not agile, and their bodies are broken. "

Martial artists often use "the knife is like a tiger" to describe its bravery and strength. The broadsword is a long weapon. As the saying goes, "a broadsword depends on its blade", that is, it takes time to chop, wipe, lift, chop, stab, press, hang and check the blade. Single knife and double knife are short weapons, which means "single knife looks at the hand, double knife looks at the walk". Therefore, the single knife emphasizes cutting, chopping, stabbing, pulling, rubbing, blocking and cutting, while the double knife emphasizes uniform force with both hands, clear knife method, flexible pace and coordination from top to bottom to show the gesture of "flowers hidden in leaves and butterflies flying". At present, there are popular giant knives, three-pointed double-edged knives, double-ring knives and long knives (two-handed knives).

Eighteen kinds of weapons-guns

Spear originated from the earliest things. In the era of Chezhan, soldiers used long soldiers and bows and arrows, but spears were the most suitable. So the spear is called Zhangba, and the gun comes from here. Unfortunately, although it was a fighting tool at that time, there was no certain way to use it; The two arrays are opposite, but with this weapon, they hit each other at a distance and stabbed themselves. According to legend, the gun was actually handed down by Miao Man. The gun spectrum contains: there are brave and fierce people in the west, both men and women are good at martial arts, artists are king, and the masses are in awe and dare not violate it; Therefore, the children of Wu Chishi's family are five or six years old. Even if they practice martial arts, those who are too weak to join the army will be abandoned by their parents, and the people in the village will not be with Wu. Clans are especially good at pike. This spear is seven to eight feet long, with a golden front and a wooden handle. When dancing, cold stars are dotted with silver light, and water can't be poured in. It can be used to attack the enemy, and the arrow stone cannot be destroyed. This is also the beginning of marksmanship. According to the suspicion of the western regions, Wu Chishi's family background can't be tested. As for when this law was introduced into the Central Plains, there are different opinions, so there is no need to delve into it. In short, marksmanship originated from the Wuji family, which is beyond doubt.

Guns, like spears, are the most widely used spearmen in ancient battlefields, which have been recorded in the later Han Dynasty, but their blades are long and have not yet left the spearhead form. Because spears are inconvenient to use, guns gradually became popular in the Jin Dynasty. The bronze spear head used at that time was slightly smaller than before, and it was similar to the iron spear head of later generations. There were many people who were good at guns in the Tang Dynasty. "The Biography of the Five Dynasties Kings" said: "Brave and powerful, you can walk with a hundred steps, riding an iron gun like flying, and others can't afford it. In the army, he was named Wang Tie Gun. After the Song Dynasty, spears were basically replaced by guns. In Wu Jing Zong Yao, Ceng Gongliang listed eighteen kinds of long-rod iron guns in Song Dynasty, including: falling horse gun, double hook gun, ring gun, single hook gun, revolver gun, revolver gun, cone gun and so on. Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star in the Southern Song Dynasty, was very good at using guns. Up to now, there are still Yue's marksmanship.

Li Quan's Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty: Li Quan "is agile with his bow and horse and can transport iron guns, which is called' Li Tie Gun'." Yang, the whole wife, "twenty years of pear blossom gun, invincible hand in the world."

Qi Jiguang's "Ji Xiaoxin's Book" said: "The method of pike began in Yang, named pear flower, and the world is salty; The beauty lies in familiarity. Cooked, the heart can forget the hand, and the hand can forget the gun. The use of the circle is not sluggish, nor is it more expensive than mute. Quiet and motionless, while the rich are unpredictable and infinite. " In Jin Yong's The Condor Heroes, Yang Kang used Yang Jia's marksmanship.

The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of Wushu, so at this stage, the theory and technology of marksmanship were obviously improved, and all marksmanship were competitive. He's "Wars" said: "The vest gun, the sand armor pole and Li Jiamao have their own merits. They can be used in both length and depth. They are unstoppable, extremely fast and invincible in the world, but Yang Lihua is also a sharpshooter. " At that time, Yang's marksmanship was respected, because Yang's gun was "fake and true, strange and positive; Its advance is sharp, and its retreat is slow; Its potential is dangerous and its section is short; Don't move like a mountain, move like Lei Zhen ". In the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1635), Bi Maokang, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, wrote a picture of a burnt pear flower gun and explained: "The pear flower gun was tied to the head of a pike with a bucket of pear flowers and shot several feet. The enemy fell to the ground with medicine and stabbed him with a gun when the fire was over. "This kind of gun has both the efficacy of firearms and is obviously an effective weapon before the emergence of new firearms.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the pike tended to be simple, with flat blade and round barrel bottom. Until today, this type is used in martial arts. At present, the popular guns are big guns, flower guns, double-headed guns, short guns, double guns, hook guns, guns and so on. The usage of guns mainly includes: stabbing, poking, tart, rushing, winding, winding, blocking, holding, flapping, pointing, poking, dancing and so on.

Eighteen weapons-sword

Sword, the sacred product of ancient times, is supreme, noble and admirable. He is the ancestor of the melee weapon short soldier, and entered the mysterious legend with profound Daoism. In fact, because of its portability, admirable and rapid use, princes and emperors, literati and chivalrous people, businessmen and ordinary people are proud of it. Since ancient times, sword and art have often fought in the battlefield, dominated the Wulin, founded the country, and acted in righteousness. So it has spread to this day and is still loved by the world. They are also deeply rooted in people's hearts with their glorious history and can be passed down forever.

Sword originated in Xuanyuan Huangdi era. According to the Yellow Emperor Ben Jiyun: "The emperor used the bronze of the first mountain to cast a sword and engraved it with ancient astronomical characters"; According to several records in Guanzi, "Yesterday, gold was issued from Luzhi Mountain in Tian Ge, and Chiyou used it as a sword armor". The above two statements, like Huangdi and Chiyou, are casting swords for soldiers.

According to the above statement, no matter who the founder of the sword is, it was born in the era of the Yellow Emperor, but there is no doubt. The Yellow Emperor built a temple in 46 15 BC [2704 BC]. When the fashion department just entered the bronze age, it can be inferred that the birth of the sword is extremely ancient and has a long history, so people later called it the "dagger for short soldiers", which really deserved its reputation.

From the Yellow Emperor to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, most swords were made of copper, with good quality and advanced refining technology. The sword system was established in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the method of making the sword was expounded. Zhou Li Kao Yun said, "The Taoists of Zhou Guan are a sword, which is two and a half inches long and wide, so it is widely known for its wax. The stem ring is twice as long. On its stem, after fighting, the body is very one-fifth of its stem, and it is heavy [according to: one-sixth of Zhou Li], which means it is made on it and serves on the soil. Four stems are seven Tang weights long, which is called neutralization system, and the sergeant takes it. Long three stems, heavy five, corporal takes it. " Archaeological records also said: "Sword, the name of an ancient vessel, has two edges and one ridge, from the back to the edge, called wax, or [sword body]. The back blade is separated from the handle below, which is called the head [sword board], and the grip below the head is called the handle [sword handle], and the rotation of the handle end means "grabbing".

As can be seen from the above, the sword is a sharp weapon, and its size depends on the human body and the number of people being measured. Hua Zheng explained the sword in detail, saying, "People have different shapes and sizes, so making swords for their clothes is not just for beauty, but for their own use." So it is a third-class system, in order to treat third-class people and suit themselves. The hilt is five inches long. If the length of the blade is five times that of the hilt, the blade will be three feet long. If it's heavy, it's three catties and twelve liang. It is extremely long and heavy, so it is called Shangtong. Only those who are good-looking can win, so the staff sergeant is convinced. The sword has four stems, is two feet five inches long and weighs seven catties and fourteen liang, so it is called neutral. Only the person who gets the best is suitable to take it, so the sergeant took it. The sword is two feet long when it stops at three stems, and two pounds and one second and three minutes when it stops at five Tang Dynasties. It is light and short, so it is called the lower system. Short and weak can be taken. "

The above-mentioned sword system was widely used in ancient times, and it still changed in past dynasties. This was especially true from the Qin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. Zheng Huayun: "If you compare the sword of Qin and Han Dynasties with the sword of Song Dynasty, the sword of Song Dynasty is 21 inches and 3 points, while the sword of Han Dynasty is only 17 inches and 9 points. The dagger in the Song Dynasty was fifteen inches and two minutes, and only ten inches and five minutes in the Han Dynasty, so the sword in the Song Dynasty was longer and better in quality than that in the Han Dynasty. " Then again, when there is evidence, it is not convenient to agree. Although the purpose of covering the sword is not to kill people, it is also an ornament of literati. However, the main purpose is to defend against the enemy. For example, the sword is inconvenient to use when it is long, and it is difficult to last long when it is short. When it is short, it is difficult to strike hard, and the elderly are bulky and slow to swing. Neither is suitable for sword system. There is a saying in ancient books that "the sword of Emperor Gaozu won the world with three feet", so it is wrong to say that the sword of Han Dynasty is less than two feet long. According to the comprehensive history of sword, the length of Gu Jian is generally more than one foot three inches to four feet, and the weight is two to three Jin, which is tailor-made for everyone and should be credible.

The sword was also loved by the official scholars, so it became a work of art. At first, it was carved and carved on the body of the sword, then the shape was beautified on the hilt, with ornaments attached, and then the scabbard was plated with gold and jade, each with its own ingenuity and merits.

Sword is a kind of short soldier, which is born out of spear-shaped stab soldiers and short daggers. It was originally before the Shang Dynasty, and its shape was extremely short, with only a short flat stem and no tube. The ancients used this sword to stab into the waist, which can be cut and stabbed to resist bandits and wild animals. By the Zhou Dynasty, especially during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it had become the main short weapon and was necessary for scholars. Even Feng Xuan and Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty, although they were too poor to eat, still took them with them. The famous ones are Ganjiang, Mo Xie, Longquan, Tai 'an, Chunjun, Zhan Lu, Yuchang and Suzaku. One of the Longquan swords in the Spring and Autumn Period is still hidden in the Forbidden City, and it is still very sharp, which proves that China has a long history in the manufacture and use of swords.

Notes for Beginners of Wu Bujian: "Later, there were Longquan in Chu, Gong in Qin, Ganjiang, Ye and Shu Lou in Wu, and even pure hooks, fish intestines and giant quejian. "

"Guanzi" said: "In the past, Tian Ge Luzhi Mountain used gold and Chiyou used it as a sword armor. This sword is also."

"Biography of Gou Jian's rebellion in the Spring and Autumn Period of Wu Yue": "The King of Yue sent messengers to hire him to seek the skill of sword and halberd. When the virgin went to the north to see the king, every Lu Yu Weng claimed to ask the virgin,' I've heard for a long time that Zi's swordsmanship is brilliant, and I'd like to meet him.' The woman said,' I dare not hide anything, but I will try it in public.' So Yuan Gong held the forest in the bamboo branches, and the bridge on the bamboo branches did not fall to the ground. The woman was the last one. Yuan Gong flew up the tree and became a white ape, so he didn't go. Seeing the King of Yue, the King of Yue asked,' What is the way of sword? The woman said,' I was born in a deep forest, wilder than anyone, and I don't know anything. If you can't reach the vassal, you will steal the road to strike and talk endlessly. My concubine is not subject to others, and suddenly she has herself. "The king said,' What is the way? The woman said,' its way is very small and easy, and its meaning is very deep. Tao has a portal, yin and yang, opening and closing the door, and yin declines and yang flourishes. Every way of hitting by hand, the spirit inside, the safety outside, looks like a good woman when you look at it, and looks like a tiger when you take it away. Waiting for the weather in cloth, walking with God. If it is a sky, like a rabbit, chase it and light it. Breathing is not as good as law. Perversely disobedient, straight reply does not smell. If you are a Taoist, one person should be a hundred, and a hundred people should be ten thousand people. If the king wants to try, he will see it after the test. "The King of Yue added a female nickname and called it" Yue Nv "."(Very subtle, he won the fencing. The so-called "portal yin and yang" is the method of advancing and retreating when fighting swords. And "inner spirit, external security" is to describe the form of concentration, calmness and change of heart when fighting swords. )

Jin Yong even wrote this legend into his martial arts novel sword of the yue maiden, and made a very in-depth description and discussion on the supreme realm of kendo.

In the practice of sword, it is generally divided into "standing sword" and "walking sword". "Standing sword" generally refers to quick and agile movements, steady static movements and rich sense of sculpture. On the other hand, "sword walking" appears to have relatively few pauses, and its movements are continuous, even and flexible. At the same time, swords can be divided into spikes and spikes. Spikes are also called spike gowns. Its function is to dance and confuse the enemy. It looks like a dragon jumping and flying, with a beautiful image. Especially the spike, dancing with the sword, is even more wonderful.

Sword practice requires the unity of body and sword, and the unity of sword and god. "Green Water Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge IV" said: The sword is "sharp as a blade, and its handle is as light as an ape bird, that is, fencing." The "being a handle" here is to lead the sword with your own body, which is the key to practicing the sword.

"The Spring and Autumn Period Goujian Attacks Wu Biography": "The King of Yue was captured by the armor of Tang Yi, with the sword of treading light and the spear of Qu Lu as the staff, and 300 people died." ("Dian lue": "Zhou has the spear of Qu Lu." )

Han Liuxi's "Release the Name and Release the Soldiers": "The sword is also inspected, so the defense inspection is very heavy; It is also folded, so it is folded in the arm when it is arched. Its side nose says "Tan", "Tan", "Find it" and "Find it". At its end, it is a front, and so is the word at the end of the front. "

"The Warring States Policy Han Ce I": "The swords, spears and halberds of the Han people all came from famous mountains, Tangxi, Yang Mo and Hebo. , Feng Wan, Longyuan, Tai 'an all broke cattle and horses and drowned geese. "Deng Shi, a state-owned worker who casts swords, is named Deng Shi. Feng Wan and Wan Ren made swords in Fengchi (Xingyang), hence the name. Long Yuan and Xiping, Henan have Longquan water, also known as Long Yuan, which can sharpen swords, hence the name. Taia, Chunqiu: The stronger Wu is, the more refined he is.

The biography of He Lv in the Spring and Autumn Period of Wu Yue contains: He Lv: "Please make two famous swords for cadres. Wu, as a general, is also a teacher with Ou Yezi, all of whom can wield swords. More and more three pieces are presented, including He Lude's collection, so that the swordsman can be regarded as two pieces, one for the general and the other for Mo Ye. Mo Ye, the wife of an excellent general. Ganjiang is the sword, using Wuyue Iron Essence and Liujiang Golden Eagle. Waiting for the temple, the yin and yang are in the same light, and the gods see that the weather is falling and the gold and iron essence is not sold. ..... So the lieutenant's wife broke her hair, cut off her claws and threw them into the furnace. Make 300 boys and girls drum clothes, gold and iron moist, and become swords. Yang is called "dry general" and Yin is called "". Yang is anxious to write, but Yin has no intention to write. Cadres will hide their yang and offer their yin. He Lu is very heavy. "

Biography of He Lv in the Spring and Autumn Period of Wu Yue: "The sword of Zhan Lu hates He Lv, but it flows like water. King Zhao of Chu put his sword on the bed, but he didn't know why, so he called Feng Beard and asked: ... Feng Beard said, "I heard that Wu Wang Deyue has three swords, one is called Fish Intestine, the other is called Pan Ying, and the other is called Zhan Lu. The fish intestine sword was used to kill Wu Wangliao, and the rock was used to send away his dead daughter. Now Zhan Lu has entered the State of Chu. ..... I heard that Wang Yun often asked Ou Yezi to make five swords for Xue Zhu to see, and the candle said, "Fishbone swords are unreasonable, so you can't disobey them. I will kill the king and my son will kill my father. " So he killed Liao Wang. A Pan Ying, also known as Cao Hao, died because he was illegal and did no good to others. A Zhan Lu, with hardware English and the essence of the sun, expresses and shows his spirit, and has the strength to serve him, so he can defeat the enemy. However, if you have an irrational plan, your sword will be drawn, and there is no way out. Today, the prince of Wu had no choice but to kill you and seek Chu, so Zhan Lu entered Chu. "

Notes for Beginners of Martial Sword: Zhao Ye said in Wu Yue Chun Qiu: "Yue Wangyun often hired Ou Yezi to make five swords, three big and two small, and three called Cao Hao. Qin Ke Xue Zhu was an excellent swordsman, and the king showed Cao Hao his swordsmanship. Xue Zhu said, "This is not a sword. Today's Cao Cao is colorful and gloomy. He drowned his light and killed his god. If this sword is not humiliated, it will fall into the drink. " The king said, I put my sword on Lu Zhu, fell on him, broke the neck of this golden beast and drank its blade for profit. "

Notes on the beginning of Wu Jian: The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu Yue says: "Yue Wangyun often employs Ou Yezi as the five famous swords, one is pure hook, the other is Zhan Lu, the third is Cao Hao, the fourth is fish intestines, and the fifth is giant que. Xue Zhu and Qin Ke are good at sword-wielding, and the King of Yue has shown them to Cao Hao, Suzaku and Fish Sausage. Xue Zhu said, "This is not a sword. Marked by a pure hook, Xue Zhu said,' It is as light as a flower in Quyang and as heavy as a lotus born in a lake. Observing its writing is like a journey of stars, and seeing its light overflow the pond is also a pure hook. Take Zhan Lu as an example, Xue Zhu said,' Good! Holding the name of gold and iron, spitting out the essence of silver and tin, sending the spirit to nourish the spirit, has the spirit of escape, can defeat the enemy with this sword, and can go to other countries if there are bad plans. "Allow is often offered tachileik, Wu Gongzi light kill, to vent their personal anger. "

"Biography of Historical Records of Su Lie" quoted the Spring and Autumn Period as saying, "The king of Chu called and told him,' When you hear that Wu has a strong general, you will have a better plan. What can you do if you want to hire two men as swords?" Wind beard said, "Yes." I went to see the two sword makers, one named Long Yuan and the other named Taiya. "

"The First Book of Wu Jian": "Jiazi": The ancient emperor was crowned as a sword at the age of twenty; Princes were crowned with swords at the age of thirty; The doctor is forty years old and wears a sword; Li nationality is not allowed to be crowned. Shu Ren has something to bring a sword, and nothing can't bring a sword. "

"Wu and Jian Chu Ji": "Chunqiu Bo": "Li Sheng, the sword is on the left, and the dragon is like it; The knife is on the right, and so is the white elephant. "

"Zhou Guan": "Tao's sword, wax (two blades) is two and a half inches wide, and both of them are from half (both sides of the sword ridge kill those who tend to fall). Its wax stem is twice as wide and twice as long. After the middle stem is placed, its body length is five times as long as the stem length, which is nine times heavier. It is called the upper system and the staff sergeant takes it. "

"Confucius said that it would be good to live": "Zi Lu Rong's clothes are seen in Confucius, and he drew his sword and danced, saying,' The ancient gentleman guarded himself with his sword! "

"Zhuangzi said the sword": "Zhao Wen Wang Xijian, the swordsmen closed the door, more than 3,000 people attacked day and night, killing and injuring more than 100 years old." It can be seen that fencing existed as the main martial arts at that time.

Historical Records Biography of Xiang Yu: "Fan Zengqi summoned Xiang Zhuang and said,' Your majesty is unbearable. If he dies before entering the country, please dance with him and kill him for hitting Pei Gong. ..... Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and danced, Xiang Bo drew his sword and covered himself with his wings. Zhuang was not allowed to strike. "... Sean said," This sword dance in Xiangzhuang is intended to pay tribute to Gong forever. " "

History of Han Dynasty, Literature and War: Thirty-eight articles on Kendo.

The fencing of the Han Dynasty has been fully prepared, and the depth of martial arts attainments is manifested in fencing fighting. Cao Pi's On Canon and Self-narration: "I learned fencing again and read many teachers. The methods in the four directions are different, only the capital is good. Between Huan and Ling, there is a samurai whose skill is called Wang Yueshansi, which is called Shi Jing. Ayan used to learn from the history of Henan. Taste and Pinglu general Liu Xun, Wei Fen general Deng Zhan and other * * * drinks, Su Wenzhan is good at fighting and knows five soldiers, which means that he can enter the white blade empty-handed. Jade and jade talked about swords for a long time, saying that the general broke the law. Taste very well, superb skills, then ask for it. Wine warms the ears, so you can eat sugar cane, so I thought I would pay a few sticks in the next temple, laughing left and right. The exhibitions are uneven or even worse. I said my method was urgent and difficult to face, so it was my arms and ears. I am willing to make friends again, but I know I suddenly want to make friends. Because of falsehood, I am going deep, I am looking for the front, but I am a foot. , isolated, sitting in shock. I still sat down and said with a smile:' Sunset Qing sent the spring rain clothes to the old place and taught him the secret skills. Now I hope that General Deng will give up his old technology and become more important. Sit and have fun. "(The Story of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Wendy Ji, cited by Pei Song) This vivid record reflects the prosperity of superb fencing and fencing style at that time.

Yang Quan's On Things: "Ruan's work as a knife was influenced by the spirit of Jinjing. In July, Geng Xin met God at the gate of Yejian and made another pilgrimage to the West. The Golden God teaches harmony between fire and water, five fine chains, and combines rigidity and softness. In three years, he made 1,770 knives, with the back of the knife clamped, the mouth hanging down and the incision slightly unbroken.

However, since the Tang Dynasty, the mentality of the literati was full of the theory that Taoist immortals were evil spirits, and the sword became a tool to suppress evil spirits. If it is a few feet of iron, cast in the shape of a sword, it will have supreme magic. So I hung a sword at home, which means good luck. I didn't learn fencing, but thought that the sword could defeat the enemy. Therefore, from the Tang Dynasty, one of the sword-shaped short soldiers was used by Buddhism and led astray.

Conscripts use more knives than swords, and more and more people wear swords, which obviously has considerable resistance to the development of fencing.

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of sword dancing. Du Fu's Sword Score described Gong Sundaniang's sword dancing stunt: "Many years ago, there was a beautiful Gongsun who danced with her dagger and attracted all directions. The audience is like a mountain lost between them, and the world moves back and forth with her movements. If you shoot for nine days, you will be as fast as an angel before a dragon's wings; As clear as a river and the sea. " The sound of the sword and the light of the sword seem to be heard and seen, and the exquisite skills are presented in front of you.

Tang Shunzhi's Wu Bian in the Ming Dynasty said: Song Taizong "selected hundreds of warriors from various armies and taught them to dance swords. Everyone can throw the sword into the air, jump over the body and carry it, which is extremely wonderful. Huibei Rong left an envoy to repair tribute and hosted a banquet in the temple. Because the swordsmen showed it, they took a bath, waved their blades, jumped up and threw them, and the frost front and snow blades flew all over the sky. " These superb skills have a great influence on the development of fencing routines and performance skills, and are also reflected in the martial arts routines we have practiced so far.

Jin Yong's the legendary swordsman is a stunt.

On the basis of the application of swordsmanship, various martial arts schools in Ming Dynasty created many precious swordsmanship. How to make good use of the words "Bian Zhuangzi's tangled method, Wang Juzhi's ascending and descending method, Liu's willing and responding method, his lightning method, and Ma Qi's ascending and descending method" in the Law of Array? These swordsmanship provided useful materials for the development of later swordsmanship.

On the basis of the application of swordsmanship, various martial arts schools in Ming Dynasty created many precious swordsmanship. How to make good use of the words "Bian Zhuangzi's tangled method, Wang Juzhi's ascending and descending method, Liu's willing and responding method, his lightning method, and Ma Qi's ascending and descending method" in the Law of Array? These swordsmanship provided useful materials for the development of later swordsmanship.

The swordsmanship moves mainly include chopping, chopping, collapsing, pulling, stopping, washing, cutting, stabbing, stirring, pressing, hanging, clouds and so on. It is characterized by combining rigidity with softness, easy to master, light and agile, just as the boxing proverb describes "the sword is like a flying phoenix", which shows its mystery.

Eighteen weapons-halberd

The halberd is one of the ancient weapons, which was created after the bow and arrow. Its shape is similar to that of Ge, and it has two horizontal blades. The old saying goes straight, and somehow. Different from Ge's, the auxiliary is slightly convex and inclined, and the inner side also has a blade. In the homes of ancient dignitaries, halberds were erected at the door to show official honor, but weapons were also used as ceremonial ceremonies. Later, the form changed slightly. Between the auxiliary and the coffin, a beam is placed, and the auxiliary is turned into a crescent, and the inside of the horizontal blade is transformed into a straight-edged spear head. A beam is placed on the coffin, and both sides are made into a half-moon shape, which is called a painting halberd; There are also ancient iron coins or ingots under the beam. I don't know what they are for. Is it amazing for future generations, even weapons are decorated? However, the halberds seen in today's weapons are all in the form of halberds painted by Tian Fang, with single or double blades. For the ancient halberd, you can't see it, just try to figure out its shape to show the master of martial arts, or stare at it without calling its name, so you rarely lament the loss of ancient artifacts and methods. I don't know when to start the variation of Ji, but later I abandoned the ancient artifacts. In this respect, I dare say we have something in common, but I can also start a new stove. Why should I borrow Ji as my name? If the two devices are similar, there is still something to say. Today, these two things are different and have no similarities. They cannot be used together. The author doesn't have to be curious, but he can't do as the Romans do, and he can't agree. Record them in turn, even if the person is not me, it will be counted; The world's martial arts are high and strong, and they may not blindly follow their ears.

Ji is a combination of ge and spear. In front of its handle, there is a straight knife that directly stabs the enemy, and there is a horizontal blade beside it. The cymbal hook pecks at the enemy, which has the dual function of hooking and stabbing.

1975, wooden tombs of the early Zhou Dynasty (about 1 120 BC) were excavated in the suburbs of Beijing. Among the unearthed bronze weapons, there are nine halberds, which proves that halberds, a unique weapon in China, have a history of at least 3,000 years.

The excavation of Euphorbia in Zhou Dynasty shows that Euphorbia has been widely used in Zhou Dynasty. The "thorn" contained in ancient books is "halberd". "Zuo Zhuan lived in seclusion for eleven years": "Uncle Ying Kao carried him, and the sons pulled out the thorns to chase him. Du Pre-note: "Spine, halberd also. "Ji is also one of the five soldiers in the Warring States period, which shows that Ji was a common weapon at that time.

1974, a large number of weapons such as Qin Gong, Arrow, Spear, Ge, Yue, etc. were unearthed in the pit of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Lintong, Shaanxi Province. It is the reappearance of military weapons and equipment of the Qin Dynasty 2200 years ago. Ge, spear and halberd all have long wooden handles of about three meters, with copper at the lower end, and some spear handles are as long as 6.3 meters.

Han Liuxi's "Releasing the Name and Releasing the Soldiers": "The chariot halberd is common, six feet long, and it is also held in the chariot. Eight feet is called "seeking", and times is called "seeking constant", so it is called "constant". The halberd in your hand is also the halberd in your hand. "

"Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji Lu Ren": "Lu Ren is Qilu, his younger brother is six feet six inches, and he is four feet long, and his chariot is often halberd."

Han Liuxi's "Interpreting the Name and Releasing the Soldiers": "Ge, every sentence is lost. If you go too far, you will be determined to win, and if you hook it, you will lead it. "

Long soldiers in Han Dynasty were heavy halberds, and their length was between long soldiers and short soldiers. "Biography of Han Dong Fang Shuo": "Emperor Wu sat in the front hall of Weiyang, holding a halberd." It shows that the civil servants in Han Dynasty also held halberds. (? ) There are also double halberds, and Wu Zhi of the Three Kingdoms: "Sun Quan rides a horse and shoots a tiger and throws a double halberd", "Gan Ning dances a double halberd" and "Wei Zhi" "A strong man has a standard monarch and carries a double halberd of 80 pounds." . It can be seen that halberd was not only widely used, but also heavier.

Cao pi's autobiography canon: "a husband can't call himself a dragon, and Yu Shaoxiao holds a complex and calls himself the son of heaven;" The common name is Shuangji, sitting in the iron room and inlaid with wooden doors. Later, I learned from Chen Guo and Yuan Min, and I recovered. I don't know what to do with my family every time I become a god. If I had been sensitive to narrow roads the day before, I would have made a decision! " (Pei Song's quotation from the reflection of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei Wendy Ji)

In the Jin Dynasty, long soldiers attached great importance to spears and guns, and halberds were reduced to ceremonial weapons. The sergeants all carry guns instead of halberds. "Biography of Wang Jinshu": "Draw the road in front of the mansion to make it dozens of steps wide, saying: I want to let the halberd flag." We can see that halberd is no longer used in the battlefield.

Ji has been widely used in dance equipment in the Tang Dynasty. "Book of the Tang Dynasty": "Taizong made a dance plan and ordered Lu Caijiao 128 musicians to dance with silver armour and halberd. Every three times, it changes into four arrays, like hitting and stabbing. The singer says' Qin Wang array music'. " Although this is a silver armor holding a halberd, the halberd has completely lost its weapon nature and turned into a dance tool.

The halberd of the Song Dynasty was rarely used in the battlefield. There is a halberd knife among the long-handled iron knives in General Theory of Martial Arts, which shows that its shape has changed to adapt to the battlefield, and it is not the original halberd.

In Qing dynasty, there was a short crescent halberd, or hand halberd. In addition to the crescent blade, it has a sharp tip and a curved hook. It also has the functions of hooking, stabbing, cutting and fighting soldiers.

There are still people practicing halberds at present. The practice method of halberd is different from sword and spear. Generally speaking, halberds don't dance flowers, and the main moves are chopping, stabbing, hooking, slicing, probing, hanging prisoners and knocking.

Ancient halberds are divided into horse halberds, step halberds and double halberds. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, halberds with the same shape and various martial arts schools also had different training methods.

Eighteen soldiers