Which city and district is Longsheng County, Guilin City, Guangxi Province?

Located in Longsheng County, Guilin City, Guangxi

Longsheng was called Sangjiang in ancient times, the Qin Dynasty belonged to Qianzhong County, and the Western Han Dynasty belonged to Wuling County. From Jin to Sui, it belonged to Shi 'an County (the county ruled Guilin); In the second year of Tang Longshuo (AD 662), Lingchuan County was established, and Longsheng belonged to Lingchuan County. After the Five Dynasties, Yining County was established in the eighth year of Jin Tianfu (AD 943), and Longsheng belonged to Yining County and extended to the Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 174 1), Longsheng Li Miao Branch (also known as Longsheng Hall) was established, directly under the Guilin government. In the first year of the Republic of China (A.D. 192 1), Longshengtang was changed to Longsheng County. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it is still called "Longsheng County", which belongs to Guilin area. In August 195 19, regional autonomy was implemented, and it was renamed as "Longsheng United Autonomous County (county level)", in September 1955, and in February 1956, it was renamed as "Longsheng Autonomous County".

Longsheng Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Guangxi and the northwest of Guilin, bounded by east longitude109 43' 28 "-east longitude1021'14" north latitude 25 29'-2612. The county has a maximum vertical distance of 78 kilometers from north to south and a maximum horizontal distance of 60 kilometers from east to west, with a total area of 2,538 kilometers. It governs Miao, Yao, Dong, Zhuang and Han nationalities, seven townships and three towns, 1 19 administrative villages, 1469 villagers' groups, with a total population of 16. The natural population growth rate is 0.58‰, and the planned fertility rate is 99. 18%. The county seat is 88 kilometers away from Guilin, and it is one of the main tourist counties in the Greater Guilin tourism circle. The national highway 32 1 from Guangzhou to Chengdu passes through Longsheng, which is the throat and material distribution center for southwest Hunan, southeast Hunan and Sichuan to enter Guangxi. The mountainous region is a typical mountainous county with nine mountains, half water and half fields, with an average elevation of 700-800 meters, an annual average temperature of 18. 1℃, an annual frost-free period of 3 17 days and an annual average precipitation of 1544 mm, which belongs to a subtropical monsoon climate.

There are 105 primary schools, 198 teaching points and 18899 students in the county. There are 14 junior high schools with 8577 junior high school students; Ordinary high school 1 school, with 734 students; 1 secondary vocational and technical school; Talent training center 1, teacher training school 1, in-service staff 23 10, regular staff 1869.

There are 6 ethnic medical and health institutions 16 in the county, including 6 directly under the county, 247 inpatient beds, 473 cadres and workers, 387 technicians, 29 with bachelor's degree, 65 with junior college degree and 268 with technical secondary school degree. There are 4 senior titles and 4 intermediate titles 17 1.

There are 4394 natural science and technology personnel in the county, including senior title 107, intermediate title 1397 and junior title 2890. At present, there are 2 1 science and technology demonstration bases, 33 science and technology demonstration villages and 24 16 science and technology demonstration households. In 1 199, 438+0 demonstration projects of science and technology popularization were implemented, more than 300 training courses were held, and 43,500 popular science lectures were held.

The county's arable land area is1980,000 mu, including paddy field/kloc-0.02 million mu, dry land 96,000 mu and barren hills and slopes in Guo Yi/kloc-0.20 million mu. The agricultural population of the county is 6.5438+0.45 million, and the per capita cultivated land area is 654.38+0.36 mu, of which the per capita paddy field area is 0.7 mu. 199 The grain output reached 60,600 tons and the total fruit area was 53,760 mu. The main fruits are citrus, pear, chestnut, persimmon and ginkgo. There are more than 300,000 large livestock, 570,000 slaughtered poultry annually, and the total meat output reaches 8,233 tons. The total power of agricultural machinery in the county is 495 19 kw; The installed capacity of hydropower is 210.80 million kilowatts; The annual export of talcum powder is 6.5438+500,000 tons, earning 20 million US dollars.

From 65438 to 0999, the county's GDP was 644 million yuan, up 6.6% over the previous year, of which the primary industry was 296 million yuan, up 3.5%. The secondary industry was 654.38+0.6 billion yuan, an increase of 9.654.38+0%; The tertiary industry was 654.38+87 billion yuan, up 9.3%, and the investment in fixed assets was 654.38+76 billion yuan, up 3.58%. The fiscal revenue at this level is 44.2 million yuan, 82% of the administrative villages are open to traffic, and radio and television coverage has been achieved, and digital program-controlled telephones have covered the whole county.

geographical position

Longsheng Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at the junction of Hunan and Guangxi at the southwest foot of Yuechengling Mountains. Bound at east longitude 109. 43。 To 1 10. 2 1', latitude 25. 29 feet to 26 feet. Between 12'. Xing 'an and Ziyuan counties in the east, Lingchuan and Lingui counties in the south, Rong 'an and Sanjiang counties in the southwest, Chengbu county in Hunan province in the north and Tongdao county in Hunan province in the northwest. It covers an area of 2538 square kilometers.

The distance between Longsheng Town, the county seat, and Nanning, the capital of the autonomous region, is 37 1 km, and the highway mileage is 53 1 km. It is 63 kilometers away from Guilin in a straight line and the expressway mileage is 87 kilometers.

The development of history

Longsheng was called Sangjiang in ancient times, and Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, was under the jurisdiction of Guilin County in thirty-three years. From the sixth year of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Yining County. During the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, it was directly under the jurisdiction of Sangjiangsi. In the sixth year of Qianlong, after the Qing government suppressed the peasant uprising led by Wu Dong Jin Yin, it was changed to "Longshengtang" (a county-level institution). The name "Longsheng" began to be included in the book. In the first year of the Republic of China, the hall was changed to the county. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), regional ethnic autonomy was implemented in August of 195 1, which was called "Longsheng Autonomous Region (county level)". /kloc-0 changed its name to Longsheng Autonomous County in September, 1955, and/kloc-0 changed its name to Longsheng Autonomous County in February, 1956.

Minority population

Longsheng Autonomous County is inhabited by 10 ethnic groups. 200 1 year, the total population of the county is 16.7l, and the minority population accounts for more than 75%. Among them, there are 22,000 Miao, 27,000 Yao, 45,000 Dong, 33,000 Zhuang and 40,000 Han.

physical geography

Longsheng is known as "surrounded by mountains and divided by five waters". The terrain is high in the east, south and north and low in the west. Yuechengling winds from northeast to southwest. There are 2 peaks 1 meter above sea level in the county, and the mountains above 700 meters above sea level account for 47.26% of the county's land area. The highest point in the county is Da Nan Shan, with an altitude of1.940m, and the lowest point is Shimentang at the exit of Sangjiang River, with an altitude of1.63m.. Jiang Xun river system is dendritic all over the county. Mountains and rivers constitute the picturesque scenery of Longsheng.

Longsheng is located in subtropical zone, with monsoon climate, abundant rainfall and pleasant climate. The annual average temperature is 18. 1℃, the average frost-free period is 3 14 days, and the annual rainfall is1500-2,400 mm. There is no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer, so it is a good place for traveling and summer vacation.

economic construction

Since the reform and opening up, Longsheng Autonomous County has made great achievements in national economic and social development, social productivity, comprehensive economic strength and people's living standards have all reached a new level, and infrastructure such as energy, transportation and communication have been fundamentally improved, laying a good foundation for the sustained and rapid development of the county's national economy in the new century.

At present, the county's power generation installed capacity is 4 1.600 kw, and the installed capacity of hydropower stations under construction is about1.654,38+0.000 kw; The county's highway mileage is 850 kilometers, including national highway 105 kilometers and county-level highway 325 kilometers. 90% of the county 1 19 administrative villages have opened program-controlled telephones. By the end of 2006, the installed capacity of telephones in the county was more than 30,000, and wireless paging covered the county. All towns and major tourist attractions in the county have opened mobile phones.

tourist resources

Longsheng is a mountainous minority autonomous county with beautiful ecological environment, unique natural landscape and rich ethnic customs. It is not only a national demonstration county for ecological construction, but also a major tourist county in Guangxi. In 2006, the county received nearly one million tourists.

Longji terraced fields are the crystallization of the diligence and wisdom of the Zhuang people for hundreds of years. Terraces, like chains, are strewn at random. Spring is like layers of silver belts, summer is like blue waves, autumn is like golden pagodas, and winter is like dragons playing in water, which is a combination of grandeur and beauty. It can be called "a must in the world."

Hot springs gushed from the rock stratum at a depth of 65,438+0,200m underground, and the water temperature was between 45-58℃. Experts from the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, the Ministry of Light Industry and the Ministry of Health have identified these hot springs as ultra-low sodium magnesium calcium carbonate silicate natural mineral water, which is both a good product for medical treatment and drinking. It is an excellent tourist resort at the provincial level in Guangxi, with beautiful scenery, overlapping peaks, lush trees, misty clouds and clear streams.

Dragon's Backbone Rice Terraces

The dragon ridge is named after the shape of a dragon behind the mountain. On the left of the mountain range is the Sangjiang River, and on the right is the terraced fields dug by the ancestors of Zhuang and Yao, that is, Longji terraces. Terraces belong to two ancient stockades-peace village and Dazhai Village. The terrace next to peace village is called Longji Terrace, which belongs to Zhuang nationality. Dazhai is called Jinkengtai, which belongs to Yao Hong. Walking on the terraced fields, I feel not only the strength of hardworking people, but also their beauty and faith.

The red Yao Dazhai is swaying in the fog.

An hour and a half later, I got off at the parking lot below Dazhai, and my luggage was almost forced into the basket by middle-aged women wearing gorgeous national costumes at the exit of the parking lot. Yao women carrying backpacks, accompanied by a swift stream on the roadside, arrive at Dazhai surrounded by mountains in 10 minutes.

Dazhai Village is a big stockade in Jinkeng, which consists of five stockades: Dazhai, Tiantou, Zhuang Jie, Xinzhai and Xiaozhai. The terraced mountains surround the village, and the gray-black diaojiao building wet by rain and fog is scattered in the basin at the foot of the mountain, reflecting a faint cloud and showing a different kind of beauty.

There are more than 400 people in this village, all of whom are Yao Hong. Yao Hong is a branch of Yao nationality, named after the pattern of women's coats is mainly pink. Yao nationality is one of the most migratory nationalities in China in ancient times, and it migrated everywhere because of the war in history. The Hongyao men in Dazhai basically have no clothing characteristics, but middle-aged and elderly women still have the habit of wearing traditional clothes. Women began to learn embroidery and knitting when they were seven or eight years old. From the wedding dress to the clothes of the whole family after marriage, they all come from the hardworking hands of Yao Hong women. Between mountains, rivers and fields, Yao Hong women's pink tops and black pleated skirts are always so gorgeous and charming.

Half an hour later, in the misty rain and fog, I walked along the wet stone road and mountain road, crossed Zhuangjie Village and saw Tiantouzhai. Tiantouzhai is a small stockade separated from Dazhai, which is located on the hillside on the right side of Dazhai Village. The village is small, with dozens of families scattered, and the geographical location of the village is a good place to see the terraces.

It was foggy when going up the mountain, and the misty terraces looked ethereal and mysterious. Only a few terraces can be seen through the thin clouds, but they are enough to make you admire. Since the ancestors of Yao nationality came, the terraced fields dug by hands in this mountainous area are still well preserved.

Trekking the century-old stone road

Zhaizi and terraced fields are built halfway up the mountain. An ancient stone road is the only way for these stockades to communicate with the outside world. The Zhuang and Yao people who once lived here communicated with the outside world through this ancient stone road. It is said that for hundreds of years, there has been an unwritten rule on this stone road halfway up the mountain, that is, every village has to repair the road that passes through the village once a year, and every household has to work for three days voluntarily. In this way, now we have this intact stone road.

There are two paths to peace. One is to go back to Dazhai by car, and the other is to walk along the stone road halfway up the mountain from Tiantouzhai. This stone road halfway up the mountain can always lead to Heping Township, passing through Ping 'an and Longji on the way. It is about 7 kilometers from Tiantouzhai to Ping 'an, and it takes about 4 hours to walk.

Southbound from Tiantou Village, the narrow stone road gradually rose with the mountain, and people began to breathe heavily. The fog is getting thicker and thicker, and I look back at Tiantou Village, submerged in a vast expanse of whiteness. Over the first hill, the fog disappeared at once, and there were spectacular terraces in front of us and at our feet, no less than those famous terraced scenic spots in front of Dazhai.

In the future, the mountain road, from time to time, is flat, from time to time, and the terraces are always under your feet. The climate in the mountainous area makes the terraced fields sometimes fully displayed, and sometimes they still cling to the pipa, leaving a white shadow. After about 1 hour, we will arrive in Liuzhong Village, about 3 kilometers away from Tiantouzhai. The name of this village is very strange. Different books and tourist materials are written in different ways. Some are called sixth form, and some are called middle road. Later, I saw sixth form on the notice in the village, which should be sixth form. The residents in the village are also Yao Hongren, and the layout is very scattered. Three households and two households are scattered in mountain streams, foothills and hills. The old black and gray diaojiao building reflects terraced fields and cloud streams, which is quite antique and especially as beautiful as ink painting.

Terrace Classics in Peace

Form 6 passed a mountain, with fewer terraces and more trees. After passing the Yulan Reservoir, we circled several bays halfway up the mountain covered with vegetation, and saw peace village in the distance through a mountain pass. Next to the mountain pass is Ping 'anzhai No.2 observation deck with a wide view. Seen from above, it is safe. Scattered and orderly diaojiao buildings are surrounded by large terraces, and yellow and green crops form beautiful patterns with the melody of terraces.

Ping 'an is the most famous stockade in Longji Scenic Area. There are more than 100 families in the stockade, all of whom are Zhuang people, who make a living by planting terraces and rice. For hundreds of years, the ancestors of Heping Village have cultivated countless terraces, large and small, on the Longji hillside near Jinjiang River, forming a large-scale terrace group. Due to the special geographical location, terraces are as small as the palm of your hand and as large as a dozen square meters. These countless terraces have condensed the blood and sweat of countless Zhuang ancestors.

Longji and Ping 'an are both typical Zhuang villages, and their costumes and life features are well preserved. Men have homespun coats, and women wear white lace coats and large flower headscarves. Almost every family will use rice to make a low-alcohol wine. The wine is a little sweet and delicious, and the locals call it "water wine". The way of making wine is very primitive. A big wooden barrel is filled with fermented grains, which are put on a cauldron and steamed over high fire. The wine will flow out of the small bamboo tube inserted in the middle of the barrel.

It takes about 20 minutes to get from the mountain pass to the stockade and walk along the neat stone road. The buildings in the village are all diaojiao buildings built on the mountain. Most of the houses have a history of hundreds of years, so they are called Guzhuang Village. The diaojiao building is backed by a hillside, and the front is supported by wooden columns. A layer of foundation is built with stones under the wooden column to fill the unevenness caused by the slope of the mountain. Some simply support the wooden pillars on the big stones on the hillside. In the past, the old diaojiao building was basically two floors, covering an area of about 150 square meters. The bottom floor is supported by 20 logs with a diameter of nearly 50 cm, and the second floor is supported by 24 wooden pillars, covered with tiles and sealed with wooden boards to form an independent space. Each diaojiao building forms an independent space, which is clean, hygienic and anti-theft. In the past, there were many wild animals on the mountain, so this design can prevent wild animals.

National custom

Longsheng Autonomous County is inhabited by Miao, Yao, Dong, Zhuang and other ethnic minorities, whose population accounts for 76% of the county's total population. "No mountain, no Yao, no forest, no seedlings, no Dong, no water and no strength" vividly summarizes the basic distribution of Longsheng ethnic minorities.

1, "Red Festival"

"Red Dress Festival" is the biggest and most grand festival for Longsheng Yao Hong compatriots. On this day, Yao Hong compatriots and people of other nationalities get together for cultural and trade exchanges.

The "Red Dress Festival" is scheduled to be held on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month every year. It has been held for seven times so far. The contents of the "Red Dress Festival" include women's fireworks, song and dance performances of ethnic minorities such as Yao, Miao, Dong and Zhuang, and Yao women's long hair competition. Among them, women's fireworks developed from the original fireworks activity, which is the first activity in the county. In Longsheng, apart from Longsheng Hot Springs, which is known as "heaven and earth", Longji terraces, which are known as "the best in the world", are a great advantage of Longsheng tourism. By holding the "Red Dress Festival", everyone can fully understand and appreciate Longsheng's colorful folk customs in a relatively concentrated and short period of time.

Through extensive publicity, Longsheng's "Red Dress Festival" has become the focus of news media and photographers every year, and it is also an opportunity for tourism enterprises to promote tourism products. Longsheng's "Red Dress Festival" has been designated as one of the national tourism festivals in the whole region by the autonomous region.

2. White-faced Yaozhai

Baimian Yaozhai is located on the roadside six kilometers away from Longsheng Hot Spring, where 35 Yaohong villagers live. Maple trees are towering at the edge of the village, and there is a Qing Dynasty stone tablet at the entrance of the village. The "Red Yaozhu" standing in front of the village is the totem worship of the Yao people. Everyone in the village knows folk songs and is very hospitable. Tourists come to Yaozhai, and Yao girls in bright costumes greet you with folk songs, offering you their unique dances and traditional national sports activities.

Song and dance projects include: stripping clothes, carrying the bride, long encouragement, long hair dressing, etc.

3. Sanmen Yaozhai

The village is located at Longsheng Hot Spring 10 km, surrounded by mountains and waters, with simple folk customs. It integrates the natural ecology, cultural ecology and economic ecology of Yao nationality. Here you will witness and experience mulberry planting, sericulture, artificial weaving and Yao embroidery.

4. Ximen Yaozhai

Ximen Yaozhai is located on the road from Longsheng to Hot Springs, 8 kilometers away from Longsheng Hot Springs. This is an ancient Yao village. The terraces in front of the village are like dragons, the bluestone roads in the village are staggered, and the springs behind the village are gurgling.

Yao's ancient folk songs and dances and rich pearl oil tea are the best products to entertain guests. Song and dance programs include: colorful group dance, Ciba, dragon encouragement, farewell to the bride and so on.

5. Introduction of Huangluo Yaozhai

Huangluoyao Village, located in Longji Scenic Area, is the only Yao village among the thirteen villages in Longji, where all the Red Yao people live. Since ancient times, women in Yao Hong have had the traditional habit of growing long hair. Of the 60 households in the village, 60 have hair more than one meter, and the longest is 1.9 meter, which has won the title of "Guinness's longest hair".

Song and dance programs include: long hair performance, red stick dance, umbrella dance and so on.

6. Introduction of Jinzhuzhuang Village

Jinzhuzhuang Village is located in Longji Scenic Area, Heping Township, Longsheng County, about 17 km away from the county seat. It is named after the golden bamboo forest. Zhuang village in Zhu Jin is a typical Zhuang village, which was once praised as a model of Zhuang village by UNESCO 1992. When tourists come to Zhuang village in Zhu Jin, they can see simple folk dances, hear beautiful folk songs and enjoy primitive Zhuang customs.

Jinzhuzhuang Village is the designated village for the tourism team. The song and dance projects include: bamboo pole dance, lion dance, board shoe dance and so on.

In February of 20 18, Longsheng county was included in the list of ecological counties (cities, districts) in Guangxi autonomous region in 20 18.

On June 23, 2009, Longsheng County was included in the second national list of civilized villages and towns.