The origin and history of ancient paintings and operas in Hunan.

Hunan Flower Drum Opera, everyone may have seen it. But for many people, the opera culture of ancient paintings is particularly strange, just like young people nowadays, most of them don't pay attention to this kind of drama. But some people will pay attention to this aspect. Let's take a look at the origin of Hunan ancient painting drama.

Brief introduction of ancient painting opera:

Hunan ancient painting drama is a kind of Han drama in Hunan. As the general name of Hunan ancient painting dramas. Due to different popular areas, there are six schools of ancient paintings, including Changsha, Yueyang, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Changde and Lingling, with different artistic styles. There are more than 400 traditional plays and more than 300 musical tunes in various places.

The music is mainly Hunan ancient painting drums with local characteristics, supplemented by suona, pipa, flute, gongs and drums and other national musical instruments. The tune is lively and lively, and the melody is smooth and lively. In particular, the famous xiang opera's "Liu Hai Chops Wood" is popular all over the country and deeply loved by people all over the country. Ancient paintings and operas are also one of the national intangible cultural heritages.

The origin of Hunan ancient painting drama;

It originated from Han folk songs and gradually developed into the main form of ancient painting and drama. Liuyang County Records, published in the 23rd year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 18), talked about the situation of playing dragon lanterns in the local Lantern Festival, saying: "Boys play ugly plays and sing golden drums from the 10th day to the end of the night". It shows that an ugly flower drum play, Dihuagu, was once sung, which was formed at the latest in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty.

According to the Yuan Tan Diary (1862) written by Yang Enshou in the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the "Flower Drum Ci" that Yang Enshou saw in Yongxing, Hunan Province (that is, Flower Drum Opera) had four roles: scholar, bookworm and Claudia's daughter-in-law. The plot and performance were vivid, indicating that the Flower Drum Opera at this time had not only developed into "three times" (Xiao Dan started from the voice and repertoire.

Later, with the introduction of "Gong tune" and "Chuan tune", folk legendary dramas with strong stories gradually appeared. The main repertoires are Qingfeng Pavilion, Lulin Club, Eight Hundred Li Dongting and Xue Mei Jiaozi. The main repertoires of Sichuan Opera include Liu Hai Xi Toad, Whip Reed Flower, Zhang Guang's Big Hand, and Driving Children on the Road. In this way, a relatively complete local opera was formed.

In the early days of ancient paintings and operas, only semi-professional class clubs performed seasonal performances in rural areas, and they engaged in art after busy farming. Since Guangxu, this class club has developed rapidly. There are dozens of "suitcases" in Ningxiang and Hengyang counties alone, with nearly 200 artists. Actors are trained with teachers, and some are taught by apprentices, which are called "teaching fields" or "lecture halls". Each stage lasts for dozens of days, and three or four plays are taught.

In the past, because ancient paintings and operas were often discriminated against and banned, all local troupes with ancient paintings and operas were called "semi-theatrical troupe" or "semi-theatrical and semi-tonal" and "yin and yang troupe" under the guise of performing local popular dramas. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), professional troupes were set up in various places to perform in city theaters. According to 198 1 statistics, there are 54 ancient painting troupes in the province, and Hunan Ancient Painting Opera House has been established. 1957, Hunan Art Institute was established, with a department of ancient painting and drama.

On the basis of local folk songs, folk songs and hummed songs, the development of Hunan ancient painting opera tunes has developed into several basic tunes, which are used in dramas with simple plots. Later, due to the complexity of the drama plot and the requirement of expressing people's thoughts and feelings, the original tune became a tune with different rhythms, which can express different emotions and is suitable for male or female voices.

From the point of view of music development, the senior opera artist (folk composer) of ancient painting has created many tunes according to the needs of drama content and using the law of "one song is changeable". It is also said that a set of techniques for the development of tunes are summed up in some vivid languages, such as "changing techniques", "changing tails", "changing bones", "turning up", "tearing or squeezing eyes", which are actually created by means of tone sandhi, tone sandhi, mode transformation, interval shift, rhythm expansion or compression.

The so-called "variation technique" is the combination of modulation and variation. "Tail-changing" and "bone-changing" are mode-changing and backbone sound. "Upturn" and "Downturn" are intervals that move up and down. "Tearing or squeezing the board eyes together" is the expansion or compression of the rhythm. At the same time, they also absorbed other folk music and other operas from other provinces or provinces, leaving valuable wealth for future generations.

Traditional repertoire of Hunan ancient paintings and operas;

There are more than 400 traditional dramas of ancient paintings and operas in Hunan, which mainly reflect folk life, and most of them focus on productive labor, love between men and women or family conflicts, with vivid language and strong local flavor. After 1949, the art of ancient paintings and operas has developed greatly, not only sorting out traditional operas such as chopping wood with bangs and shooting birds, but also creating many modern operas such as Double Food Delivery, Busy Sister-in-law and Sanliwan. Besides, Gong, Pot Mending, On the Way to Delivery and Yeyadao have all been made into movies.

After liberation, under the guidance of the Party's literary policy, and with the joint efforts of old artists and new literary and art workers, Hunan ancient painting plays have excavated, sorted out and adapted many traditional plays, among which Liu Hai chopping firewood and Liu Hai Jin Chan have great influence in the whole country.

Conclusion Hunan ancient painting drama is a kind of Han drama in Hunan. There are about 400 kinds of traditional dramas in ancient paintings and operas, all of which have different artistic styles. Deeply loved by the people of the whole country. Ancient paintings and operas are also one of the national intangible cultural heritages.