How much do scholars know about Zixing Imperial Examination Champion?

A few years ago, a local friend asked me, how many champions have Zixing produced in history? Jinshi? I easily replied that the number one scholar was Wang Jixian in the Tang Dynasty, Cao Yiben in the Yuan Dynasty, 58 Jinshi and 93 Juren. He broke the sand pot and asked me to produce evidence to tell him that Xingning County Records had records, introductions and explanations. After careful consideration at home, Zixing has produced a lot of talents in the past dynasties, and there must be deviations and omissions in the number, so he embarked on a road to find an example for the court officials in Zixing in the past dynasties. With the attitude and principle of "home country and the world, seeking truth from facts and respecting history", this paper summarizes the imperial examination in Zixing City of Qing Dynasty from 605 Sui Dynasty to 1905.

Looking up the history, it is not difficult to see that the imperial examination system of 1300 was officially abolished from the first year of the great cause of Sui Dynasty (605) to the thirty-first year of Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty (1905). There are more than 700 top scholars in Wenwu, and the number of scholars 1 1 10,000, which cannot be accurately counted.

Open the square table on page 62 of 1875 edition of Xingning County Records. Zixing has no champion square. Where are Wang Jixian and Cao Yiben from? Let's look at Wang Jixian, the top scholar in the Tang Dynasty. Wang Jixian did mention this person in the county annals. Wang Jixian is the best scholar in the election yearbook. It is reasonable to look for this person's great achievements from the local Wang family tree, but there is no such person in Chenzhou's No.1 scholar record and no such person in the provincial No.1 scholar record. Of course, the omission of Wu Zhuangyuan and his manuscript is not ruled out, but there is no trace in Hunan Zhuangyuan Record. Give up the search and summarize it in four words. It's nothing.

Cao Yiben, with pure personality, is named, 1307 yuan, the top scholar of Dade. This edition is from the top scholars' records of past dynasties in Hunan. From Sui Dynasty to Qing Dynasty (1905), there were 15 to 17 champions in Hunan. If it is true that Cao Yiben was awarded the first prize, there will be no imperial examination in yuan dynasty history from 1234/13 18. Where is this lie? There is a cousin Cao. Where is Cao? Cao, the word seems to be old, and the number is. 1307, the fourth place in Erchuanchuan. Is the gold medal champion, second place, flower exploration, apricot list. Cao Jiazu's grave is not smoky, yes! It was a fire! ! Cao, Zi Heng, was a scholar in Dade for eight years (1307). Two scholars returned to their hometown after the exam, claiming that Cao Yi had won the top prize, which was ridiculous and stopped. Who will put out the fire? Cao Yiben, Cao and Cao are uncles and brothers. County annals and city annals will not introduce a champion? With Hanning of 1229, the responsible official will clearly mark such a big event. After reading the county annals, people were disappointed. In addition to introducing the institution of higher learning and Kun Wang to Guanlan Academy in a short article, Cao Yiben is also among them. County magistrate Geng Niansao also raised the question of whether Cao Yiben won the top prize. This question mark is particularly enlightening. On the list of top scholars in the region, on the list of top scholars in the province. Jinshi was completely deceived when he was recorded in Dade for eight years. It turns out that in the Yuan Dynasty, there was no examination for 80 years from 1234, and the imperial examination was only held in 13 14. How can Cao Yiben be the top scholar in the imperial examination? Zixing didn't win the first place in the imperial examination in 1300! Certainly not! Really not!

Since there is no champion, what about Zixing Jinshi? From the second year of Song Shaoding 1229, the old county (Xu Qi) moved to Guanzihao, Xingning, and it has been 600 years since the imperial examination. There is no real-name research on imperial examination scholars in the old county, so it can only be excavated from Zixing surname genealogy. Almost every surname has a scholar background, true or false. 1300 years, the imperial examination produced less than 1 1 10,000 imperial examinations. Take the Ming Dynasty as an example. There happened to be 1 100 imperial examinations in100 counties, and 745 imperial examinations were held in each county. However, Hunan recorded only 2367 imperial examinations, ranking third among the number of imperial examinations in Hunan in the Ming Dynasty, which originated from a brief history of Hunan education. Moreover, there are only about 20 scholars in Hunan 10 States and 120 counties, but Changsha, Xiangtan, Changde and Zhuzhou account for 70%, and there are still six or seven hundred scholars left in 100 counties, with an average of three or four. Does Zixing have three or four Jinshi? ! From the statistical data, we can clearly see that the imperial examination is difficult and it is difficult to go to the sky.

The Sui, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties recorded in a large number of historical books have basically nothing to do with Hunan. The imperial examination in Sui Dynasty was a historical precedent, and poetry was the imperial examination in Tang and Song Dynasties. The Yuan Dynasty had a history of 130 years, with only 17 imperial examinations. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the imperial examination was perfected. Those born in the Year of the Pig, the Year of the Tiger, year of the snake and the Year of the Monkey, and those born in the Year of the Rat, the Year of the Rabbit, the Year of the Horse and the Year of the Rooster are the best candidates for the Year of the Ox, the Year of the Loong, the Year of the Sheep and the Year of the Dog. The content of the exam is annotated by Zhu He of the Four Books and Five Classics. Zixing's imperial examinations were mostly in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and there was one in the Qing Dynasty (who was it specifically? I don't know), Hanning was built in 1229, and there are several jurenfang in the old county. Will a Jinshi be lost? This can't happen! If it does happen, it will recover after a hundred years, rarely in an era when only students have high academic qualifications.

Looking through the 1875 edition of Xingning County Records, we can find Shinan Street, Ouxuan Chengxi Street, Jinfang Sandu under Yuan Qiong's pen, the famous Huang, Huang Shizhen, Square in Qingjiang River and Li Duan Square with famous boundary angle. It is not difficult to see that Zixing Jinshi includes Li Duan, Ou Xuan, Yuan Qiong, Huang Kun and He Shiquan. Xiang Xian also confessed that Huang Guanxiang Jian Yan Jinshi, Huang Xinxi Jinshi, Yuan Caifu Yongle Wuxu Jinshi, Jiao Qiliang Yongle Wuxu Jinshi, Yuan Guitianshun Jinshi, Cao Longjing Taijia Jinshi, and of course, the five aforementioned Jinshi, Juren and Gong Shi were all recommended by the village. There is also a special situation. Jinshi is a favor given by the emperor, and he is grateful. After receiving the gift, a memorial arch will be set up to raise people, dutiful sons, chastity, chastity and heroic daughters. Only when the emperor gave it can the memorial archway be erected. On this basis, the number of Jinshi in the 1,300-year imperial examination was only eleven, and Gong's family recommended by rural sages was one hundred in all previous dynasties. The proportion of 10% has far exceeded the proportion of 23% in the admission of Jinshi. Does it meet the number of Jinshi in the imperial examination? In the county annals of 1875, there were about 35 scholars who chose annals, but many of them were omitted in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Many of them were called Jinshi after they became officials, so here are no examples.

Now arrange eleven Jinshi to find out. In Wuling Agricultural Museum, we first got involved in genealogy and genealogy, and found Li Duan from the genealogy of Li in Longxi. Ouyang Xuan is found in Ouyang's Genealogy, but Yuan Qiong, Yuan Tsefu and Yuan Gui are not included in Zhu Hua Tang Yuan's Fourth Continued Genealogy (new genealogy). The footprints of Huang Guanxiang, Huang and Huang Kun are not seen in the Yellow Family Tree (new spectrum); He Shiquan and Cao Long are also missing from their genealogy (new genealogy); Jiao Qiliang doesn't even have a genealogy of Jiao.

1, Huang Guanxiang, word demonstration, Qingjiang people, Jian Yan (Gao Zong 1 129) Southern Song Dynasty Jinshi. Annals of Chenzhou.

2. He Shiquan, Zi Zida, his wife Zhong Shi, was recorded in Chenzhou Zongzhi, a native of Taiwan Province, and was listed as a scholar of Bao You Chen Bing (Song Lizong 1256) in The Biography of Zhou Zhi's Death.

3. Huang, a native of Qingjiang, is a Jinshi of Renye (132 1 year).

4. Yuan Caifu, a scholar in the fifth year of Yongle (14 18), was born in Fengxi (now Huangcao LAM Raymond) and was awarded to Ningdu County, Jiangxi Province, as recorded in Chenzhou Zongzhi.

5. Jiao Qiliang, a scholar of Yongle Reform Movement (14 18), was recommended by Gao Chongren, a villager of Yongle Dingyou, and awarded the official department a job.

6. Cao? Dragon, Chinese character, whose real name is Chengxi. Daping is from Chenzhou and Jingtai (1454). Guangdong was catalogued and Jiangxi was promoted to the right.

7. Li Duan, born in Lishan and Jieyu, was a rural recommender in the first year of Jingtai (1450), a scholar in Shuntianfu (1457), and was appointed as a magistrate of Gushi County, and an official in the investigation history of Langfang, Henan Province.

8. yuan? Gui, a native of Shangli, Tianshun (1464) was a scholar, an official and criminal doctor, published in Chenzhou Zongzhi.

9. Yellow? According to the Records of Chenzhou Tongzhi, Kun was a native of Qingjiang, once a native of Jingtai and a scholar. He was appointed as the Department of Qing History in Sichuan. The son of Huang Zhi Sun was established in the famous square of Yishike.

10, huh? Jue, whose real name is Tingbi (1436~ 1508), is recommended by Ming Chenghua Yiyou (1465), and (1470) is a scholar, and he has been the chief secretary of Sichuan since the second grade. He was born at the gate of Zixing Guangdu Temple.

1 1, yuan? Joan, I didn't find any information except Sandu's brocade painting.

The imperial examination system is a microcosm of recruiting talents and scholars in the imperial period, reflecting the hardships of scholars. A county and city, in any county and city annals, will leave such an example for scholars. Example is a kind of subconscious power that can radiate infinite positive energy. We can't forget them and we won't forget them. May their writing style spread all over the country and shine forever.