Tongdu Fortune Telling _ Tongling County Fortune Telling

Guixi, located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province and the middle reaches of Xinjiang, "connects Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the east and Oumin in the south". It has been 1240 years since the county was founded in the first year of Tang Yongtai (AD 765). In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was once called "Xinzhou" (see Shi Naian's "Water Margin" for details). With a land area of 2,480 square kilometers and a population of 550,000, it administers 18 townships, 3 sub-district offices and 7 forest (reclamation and garden) farms. The urban planning area is 34 square kilometers, the built-up area is 16.8 square kilometers, and the urban population is10.5 million. Now it is "national advanced city in culture", "national advanced city in science and technology", "national advanced city in fitness" and "national double-support model city", and is known as "copper capital and silver town". During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, Guixi was an important part of the revolutionary base areas in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Zhu De, Wang Jiaxiang and Fang Zhimin all left footprints, and Guixi sacrificed 5,540 martyrs for the China Revolution.

The origin of the name Guixi. According to legend, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Xinjiang was a good place. As the saying goes, water spirit, good water breeds everything. At that time, tulips were in full bloom along the Xinjiang River. One day, the emperor Laozi traveled to Jiangnan and Jiangxi, passing through Guixi and Xinjiang, and was fascinated by the beautiful scenery in front of him. Tulips also became tribute flowers, and Guixi was named Guixi.

Guixi specialty. Thanks to the emperor Lao Zi, the wick cake was made of river water and became a tribute. At that time, the wick cake was refined with more than 30 kinds of spices, and the semi-finished products were blocky. Finally, slice and shred, which looks like a wick, leaving no ashes after burning.

Picked vegetables, mustard cabbage, after pickling, become delicious pickles. In feudal society, ordinary people were oppressed and scraped, and ordinary people had no food. It is the most loyal partner.

Excellent geographical location and convenient transportation. The Zhejiang-Jiangxi, Anhui-Jiangxi and Xia Ying railways run through the east and west, running through the north and south. 15 railway stations are connected in a string, and the domestic operating mileage is 156.3 kilometers. Roads extend in all directions, with national highways 320 and 206 crossing the territory and Shanghai-Switzerland Expressway passing through it. The first phase of the high-speed messenger wire project has been completed and opened to traffic. It takes 0.5 hours to drive from Guixi to Nanchang, 5.5 hours to Shanghai and 4 hours to Hangzhou, and the city, township and village highway networks are connected. The city's water transport is smooth, and thousands of miles of Xinjiang are directly connected to Poyang Lake.

The land is fertile and rich in agricultural resources. Guixi is a national commodity grain base, the largest early-maturing pear base in the south, a key timber production base in Jiangxi Province, a shelter forest base in the Yangtze River and a national grain reserve base. The city has 500,000 mu of cultivated land, 2.63 million mu of forest land, 3 1 10,000 mu of bamboo forest, 0/10,000 mu of fruit industry and 50,000 mu of water surface. The forest coverage rate is 56%. The territory has a pleasant climate, abundant rainfall and fertile soil, and the agricultural development prospect is very broad.

Rich in mineral resources and high in grade. There are more than 30 kinds of proven reserves such as gold, silver, lead, zinc, uranium, porcelain clay, gypsum, silica and granite. Among them, the reserve of cold water silver mine ranks first in China, Schiller gypsum mine ranks first in East China, and Shangzhu porcelain clay mine ranks first in Jiangxi Province in terms of reserves and grade. There are many kinds of granite with a reserve of 640,000 cubic meters.

Developed industry and strong economic strength. There are more than 10 large and medium-sized enterprises at the central and provincial levels, including Jiangxi Copper Group, one of the top 300 industrial enterprises in China. Guixi smelter, the largest copper smelter in Asia, the 10th in the world and the most modernized in China, has a cathode copper output of 400,000 tons, and is known as the "Copper Capital of China". Guixi Power Plant is the main power plant in East China Power Grid, with an installed capacity of 500,000 kilowatts. The second phase of the project has an investment of 2.7 billion yuan and an installed capacity of 600,000 kilowatts. Construction started in June 2004. There is one of the four largest phosphate amine plants in China, with an annual output of 240,000 tons of compound fertilizer plants; There are silver mines with the largest silver and zinc reserves in East China, Shougang No.4 Construction Company, a large national construction enterprise, and China No.15 Metallurgical Company of Nonferrous Metals. The local industry in this city has developed rapidly. According to the requirements of "Five Highs", guixi city Industrial Park with 10 square kilometers has been planned and built, and 35 enterprises have been put into operation, forming five pillar industries such as copper, photoelectricity, building materials, chemicals, medicine and food. Among them, Southern Lighting Company and Zhu Hui Company are listed as national high-tech industrial enterprises, and a number of famous, excellent, special, high-tech, refined and new products have entered the international market. Jiangxi Guixi Copper Recycling Economic Park (Copper Dismantling and Processing Zone) is planned and constructed to a high standard on the south side of Shanghai-Rui Expressway, which has added a new platform for Guixi copper development.

The city is beautiful and the living environment is suitable. It has many advantages in industry, transportation, commerce, information, tourism and radiation, and is a central city in northeast Jiangxi. Urban infrastructure is perfect and roads are interconnected; The air in the urban area is fresh and the main indicators are up to standard; Complete the renovation of the main streets in the old city and the development of the southern new district and the eastern new district, and initially form an eco-city with "mountains, dew and green".

Unique scenery and broad tourism prospects. Located in the "Five Mountains Surrounding Area" such as Longhu Mountain, Guifeng Mountain, Sanqingshan Mountain, Wuyishan Mountain and Wufushan Mountain, there are natural landscapes such as Longhu Mountain, China Taoist Holy Land "Hans Shitianfu", Xiangshan Forest Park, Shangshan Bamboo House, Baihe Lake, Guigudong, Xianglufeng and Sanyang Cave. There are also the Xiangshan Academy, one of the four academies in the Southern Song Dynasty, the ruins of the red base area in northeast Jiangxi, the customs of the She nationality, the four ancient towns, and the buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Preferential policies and excellent investment environment. The number of administrative examination and approval items has been reduced, the behavior of administrative examination and approval and charging has been standardized, the preferential policies on taxes and fees, land use and financing have been improved, and a joint accreditation center and an economic and environmental complaint center have been established, creating a social atmosphere of "pro-business, safe business and wealthy businessmen". Guixi has become a hot spot with low investment cost and high return rate.

[Edit this paragraph] Geography and climate

Guixi belongs to subtropical greenhouse climate zone, with high temperature, abundant sunshine, abundant rainfall and long frost-free period. The terrain in the territory is complex and the regional climate is quite different. Generally speaking, it is divided into spring from the day when the daily average temperature stably passes 10℃ in the middle and late March to the end of May, about 70 days. In late May, the day when the daily average temperature stably passes 22℃ to the end of September is summer, about 120 days. Autumn lasts about 60 days from the day when the average daily temperature is stable below 22℃ in late September to the end of1late October 165438+. From the day when the daily average temperature is steadily lower than110℃ in late October to the middle and late March of the following year, it is winter, about 1 10 days.

The seasonal climate characteristics of guixi city can be summarized as follows: mild spring, continuous rain; Summer is hot, with clear drought and flood; Autumn is warm and cool, and precipitation is scarce; The winter is longer and the first snow is earlier.

[Edit this paragraph] Natural resources

I. Forestry resources

The forestry land area of the city is 2133,000 mu, including 2 10.6 million mu of woodland, 4.927 million cubic meters of standing trees, 3/kloc-0.70 million mu of Phyllostachys pubescens forest and 43.48 million standing bamboos, with an annual timber harvesting of 50,000 cubic meters and annual bamboo harvesting of/kloc-0.00 million. Now, high yield of Phyllostachys pubescens has been developed.

Second, water resources.

There are many rivers and abundant water in this city. Shantang Reservoir 10236 in our city, including 6 medium-sized reservoirs, 8 small (I) type reservoirs 126 small (II) type reservoirs126. In addition to the main stream of Xinjiang, there are major tributaries 1 1 with a basin area of more than 50 square kilometers, and the city has water and energy resources.

Three. agricultural resources

The city's arable land is nearly 500,000 mu, which provides 70 million kilograms of goods for the country every year, and has developed a fruit base of 6,543,800 mu, mainly oranges, pears, peaches and plums.

Fourthly, tourism resources.

Sites of Xiangshan Academy, Guabang Mountain, Sansan, Guigu Cave, Xianren Bridge, Baihe Cave and Sanyang Cave founded by Lu Jiuyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) mineral resources

The discovered metal minerals mainly include gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, iron and rare earth. Non-metallic minerals mainly include gypsum, porcelain clay (stone), clay, silica, limestone, granite, diopside, potash feldspar, timely, graphite, timely powder, schist and red stone. , and energy minerals are uranium, coal, oil, etc. And mineral water, etc.

(1) Lead-zinc mine: Lengshui Town has super-large silver ore fields and many large and medium-sized deposits, with nearly 10,000 tons of silver resources, 3 million tons of lead and zinc resources and 20 million tons of pyrite, accompanied by various mineral resources such as copper, gold and dysprosium. The ore body is vein-shaped, with a thickness of several meters to several hundred meters, and the silver grade of the ore is 160-280g/. 3%, individual lead+zinc >; 8%, sulfur content >; 30%。

(2) Rare earth: mainly distributed in the study room, Tangwan, Erkou and Lengshui. The ore body is lenticular, with a thickness of 1-5m and a TR2O3 (light rare earth) grade of 0.11-0/5%. Easy to collect and choose, it is the main rare earth element. The distribution area of rare earth in Erkou is 68 square kilometers, and the good area 15 square kilometers. The total amount of rare earth can reach thousands of tons, including high scandium and rich europium light rare earth resource 1.200 tons, containing 0.75% europium and 0. 19% scandium. The rare earth in Wenfang is distributed in Haoshui area, with ore body thickness of 2.5-6. 15m, grade of TR2O 30.08-0. 126% and reserves of several thousand tons. Rare earths in Tangwan were distributed in eastern Yang Jiacun before Tianbao flew and before the competition. The occurrence thickness is 2-6m, the TR2O grade is 30.05-0.06%, and the reserves are nearly 10,000 tons.

(3) Gypsum mine: it is the dominant mineral in this city. Luotang gypsum mine is the largest gypsum mine in East China. It has been proved that gypsum ore bodies strike 4000 meters, extend more than 500 meters and have more than 20 veins. The main seam is more than 4 meters thick, with SO grade of 356-70% and C+D reserves of 50 million tons.

(4) Limestone mine: distributed in Lengshui, Wenfang, Jintun, Taqiao and other places. Among them, Lengshui Dongyuan limestone mine has passed the feasibility study, with economic value of 3.63 million tons of C+D grade reserves and 20 million tons of prospective reserves. The ore body is hundreds to thousands of meters long and several meters to tens of meters thick. The quality of limestone is good, and the ore grade CaO> can meet the needs of cement and solvent.

(5) China clay (stone) ore: mainly distributed in Liukou Xinxi, Daozhangshu, Wenfang Lingxi, Tangwan Shangzhu, Ludian and other places, with a reserve of more than 30 million tons of B+C+D, which is mainly formed by weathering of time veins and tuffs. The head of gangue porcelain stone varies from several hundred meters to several thousand meters, and the weathering thickness of Ningqing rock is greater than 10-30 meters.

Granite ore: mainly distributed in Wenfang, Zhangping, Tangwan and Lengshui. The main varieties are Xianrenhong (Yao Xi), Rhododendron (Zhangping), Black and White Flower (Tangwan) and Pearl Black (cold water), with a reserve of more than 5,000 cubic meters. China Square has a reserve of one million cubic meters of fairy red and four million rhododendrons.

(7) Silica ore: distributed in Zhou Fang Changtang-Guang Zhi Taqiao-Tang Hong Hard Rock Ridge. The deposit is about 3000 meters long and 9-40 meters thick. The ore grade is usually about 297% silica and TFE.

(8) Fluorite ore: mainly distributed in Zhangping Lengshuierkou, Dongkeng and Xuanshan at the source of Chashan, of which Zhangping Dongkeng has a fluorite reserve of 654.38+10,000 tons, with a pulse length of about 65.438+000 meters, a pulse width of 2-5 meters, an average of about 3 meters, and a caf of 252-87%.

(9) Diopside ore: distributed in Zhaojia area of Zhanyuan, Wenfang Town, with an east-west trend, with a length of more than 3,000 meters, a width of 10 meter, a depth of more than 20 meters and a reserve of one million tons. Diopside >: 85%.

(X) Iron ore: mainly distributed in Jintun Town and Erkou Town, the ore body is sedimentary metamorphic magnetite, and the Wushikeng Mine in Jintun has two layers of magnetite. The first layer is 542m long, with an average thickness of 5.22m and an average slope of 35.5%. The second layer is 38 1m long, with an average thickness of 1.6 1m and an average slope.

(1 1) Mineral water: mainly distributed in Zhou Fang. The daily water inflow of mineral water is 250 tons, the annual water inflow is nearly100000 tons, and the metasilicate is 52-70%. It contains many beneficial trace elements, no pollution, pure taste and dynamic stability.

[Edit this paragraph] Customs and habits

The custom of the times

Beginning of spring is also called "Spring Festival", which means Spring Festival. The welcoming ceremony is grand, as the saying goes, "The Spring Festival is as big as the New Year, and the bowl is square". There is a table in the hall, lit by a candle, and two pots of transplanted red-stemmed Chinese cabbage, known as "Spring is not old". There is red paper on the dish, a book "Welcome to Spring" and the word "Xi" written in red pen on a pair of sleeves.

A general cleaning before New Year's Eve, such as cleaning the hall, bedroom, kitchen, pigsty and cowshed, cleaning the front yard and sewer, washing pots, pans, cupboards, dishes and cups, scrubbing door panels and furniture, is called "dust removal". On New Year's Eve, Spring Festival couplets are posted outside the door, New Year pictures are posted inside the hall, tables are set, paper incense is lit, and firecrackers are set off to worship the ancestors. After dinner, all the rooms were brightly lit all night, which read "Pick New Year's Lights". The family sat around the fire (Zi Ming lit a fire in Nanxiang Mountain), and the elders distributed "lucky money" to the children. Eating New Year's wine in the middle of the night is quite rich in food. Set off firecrackers before going to bed and "close the door". No one is allowed to go in or out casually after "closing the door". Before liberation, the poor were heavily in debt. New Year's Eve was the last time to collect debts this year, and creditors were anxious. The debtor left his wife and children at home and took refuge temporarily, which means "being emperor" (meaning self-mockery). He slipped home before closing the door, and the creditors were helpless.

On the first day of the Spring Festival, firecrackers are set off to "open the door". After washing, the whole family got together next to each other to "go out". In fact, they set off firecrackers outside the door, burned incense paper and bowed to all directions, wishing them good luck all year round. On the first day of the first year, no meat dishes are served on the table, and vegetarian dishes such as green vegetables, tofu, oily tofu and vermicelli are eaten (this custom has gradually changed in recent years, and meat dishes are also eaten). After breakfast, the younger generation pays New Year greetings to their elders in turn. Know your peers and help each other. Congratulations on getting rich. In the following days, folk entertainment activities continued. From the second day of the Lunar New Year, relatives and friends visit each other and give gifts, which is called "New Year greetings" and usually ends before the Lantern Festival. But the third day is a day of mourning.

On the fifteenth day of the first month of the Lantern Festival, every household is brightly lit, red lanterns are hung in front of the door, and rooms and pig sheds are also brightly lit. In the early days of New China, there were many kinds of lanterns along the old customs, including lion lantern, dragon lantern, clam shell lantern, arhat lantern, animal lantern, stilt lantern, Upright (dry boat) and so on. "Within the city wall, this is quite luxurious, and Lantern Festival is lit at night ... all beautiful and won ..." (Qing Tongzhi Edition "Guixi County Records"). During the "Cultural Revolution", the "four olds" were destroyed, the Lantern Festival disappeared, and only model operas and small programs were performed. Since the 1980s, with the gradual introduction of television and video into residents' homes, Lantern Festival lanterns have become rare, and fireworks are often used in towns to celebrate.

Qingming takes "the first three days and the last seven days" as the grave-sweeping period, and Guixi calls it "hanging relatives". Before the founding of New China, ancestors with the same surname and family in rural areas left fields for social production. During the period of "hanging relatives", both men and women share a room for dinner and have a "Tomb-Sweeping Day" (there was no such custom after the founding of New China). The countryside celebrated Tomb-Sweeping Day and Cold Food Festival the day before in Tomb-Sweeping Day. When "hanging relatives", it is better to inherit the soil and repair the grave, which means that future generations will prosper.

Dragon Boat Festival The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival. Acorus calamus and Artemisia argyi are hung in front of every house. They eat palm seed, eggs and garlic and drink realgar wine. The child painted realgar on his face to ward off evil spirits. Villagers along the Xinjiang River also hold various dragon boat races every year.

The half moon is July 15, the Buddhist "Menglan" Festival. That night, we burned incense and paper at the intersection, provided food and drinks, and gave alms to hungry ghosts, hence the name "Ghost Festival". After the founding of New China, this custom gradually disappeared.

Buy moon cakes and enjoy the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, and have a family reunion. In rural areas, there are customs of "touching green" and "burning tile lamps": at night, children go to the wild to "touch" mung beans, peanuts and sweet potatoes and cook them with fire; Or "touch" oranges, sleeves and sugar cane. How much to eat, how much to "touch", the owner saw it and laughed it off. Young married women "touch" dates and sleeves, meaning "early child" and "another child".

In the old temple fair, there were many temples in urban and rural areas in this county, and folk worship of Buddha prevailed. The date of worship is either the anniversary of the death of "God" or an established practice. Pilgrims fast for three days, then clean themselves, change clothes, carry offerings, gather from all directions to burn incense, bow down and pray for wealth. There are hundreds of pilgrims and thousands of pilgrims, so the jugglers who set up stalls followed, and the commodity trade activities followed, forming a large-scale folk gathering, commonly known as the "temple fair." The more famous temple fairs in this county are:

Shangqing Palace Temple Fair is held in Qingzhen on July 20th of the lunar calendar every year.

Qingnigang Temple Fair is held every year on the second day of the eighth lunar month in Luohe Township.

Shenxian Temple is held in children's homes on the 19th day of August every year.

Wang Qian Temple Fair is held every year on the first day of the ninth lunar month at Wang Qian Temple in Hetan Town.

After the founding of New China, the people's government abandoned superstition, changed the local temple fair from folk custom to material exchange meeting, and moved the original assembly points of Qingnigang, Ren Xian Temple and Wang Qian Temple to Bear Town and Wangwan Village in yingtan Town (now Yingtan City).

On the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, the Kitchen God gave the Jade Emperor a ticket for good and evil on earth. That night, the farmer put fruit on the stove to worship the kitchen god, praying for "the kitchen god" and "God speaks well, and the lower bound will be safe".

In the old winter solstice, the countryside held a church to worship the ancestors in winter solstice. Rich sacrifices, grand ceremony. All men attended, bowed down, read eulogy, and distributed "human cakes" and "human flesh" according to the male population; The person in charge of each room will jointly check whether there is any collapsed and dilapidated place in the Tzu Chi Museum, and repair it if found. This custom was abolished after the founding of New China.

Production habit

On the Lantern Festival, farmers each prepare a pile of straw, burn the rice fields and cut off the weeds in the middle. Then burn paper and incense, pray for the gods to kill insects and protect the purity of seedlings.

On the seed soaking day, farmers put a small dish of seeds, took a small bunch of neatly trimmed straw (symbolizing cattle), put red notes on it, and presented them to their ancestors in the central hall, asking them to protect "bumper crops and strong cattle" in the spirit of heaven. Some people also provide grain seeds every day in early spring.

When there are early seedlings in the field, farmers pull out a handful of seedlings and throw them on the roof beams, which is called "full beams" (grain).

At the end of the solar festival, the farmer inserted a bamboo pole in the corner of the rice field in the second season and hung a few pieces of palm skin and egg shell, which is called the rice field festival, wishing the rice seedlings strong and harmless.

Try new early rice and sickle, pick a bunch of full and slender ears of grain and hang them on the edge of the hall; Cooking with new rice, putting the first bowl of new rice in the warehouse for ancestors to harvest, and then eating it together by the whole family is called "tasting the new".

After rice is harvested, the straw is piled up, farmers prepare banquets (or snacks) to celebrate, and at the same time reward neighbors and relatives who participate in the harvest. This is called "farming".

Help workers to change jobs, including weddings, funerals and celebrations, natural disasters and man-made disasters, free help from relatives and friends, and voluntary help from neighbors; During the busy farming season, according to the priorities of each household's farming, relatives and friends discuss the arrangement of changing jobs, and there is also the habit of changing cattle workers. After the founding of New China, helping workers change jobs is not limited to relatives and friends. Everyone supports a family when they are in trouble. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the household contract responsibility system for agricultural production was implemented, which made it even more important to help workers change jobs. When buying and selling cattle, buy mainly red cloth or red rope on the horn, which is called "skin red"; The seller will never sell it with a cow rope to show his wealth, and he will continue to raise cattle. Raising pigs is the main household sideline in rural areas, and there has always been a saying that "the rich can't leave the books, and the poor can't leave the pigs" and "raising pigs doesn't make money, so look back at the fields". When you build a new pigsty, you should choose an auspicious day. After the pigsty is completed, stick a red note that says "Jiang Taigong is coming" to ward off evil spirits and get sick. When buying and selling pigs, after the buyers and sellers discuss the pricing money, they must agree on the number of days after the pigs are bought back. If they get sick and die within a certain period of time, the seller will return the full price. When killing pigs in the New Year, the owner dipped fresh pig blood in loess paper, inserted it by the door, pressed it on the incense table in the hall, and sacrificed to the ancestors of heaven and earth; Put the pig's head and tail in a tray and offer them to the "land god" to pray that the pigs will be fatter in the coming year. In the old society of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, when a farm surnamed Cun or Shan closed hillsides, the village and the common people agreed on a ban, which was announced in public in ancestral halls or temples, then pigs were killed for cooking to show seriousness, and then the mountain was tied with straw bundles among trees in the mountain boundary, marking that the mountain had been closed. Violation of the ban will be punished according to the ban. In severe cases, the whole village will be called to slaughter the pigs that have been banned and the ban will be reiterated. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of the collective mountain forests were decided by the masses at a meeting to set up closing hillsides to prohibit grazing, but a few remote mountain villages still followed the old custom of closing hillsides to prohibit grazing.

Hunting and hunting go hand in hand. There are "searching mountains" and "sitting obstacles". "Searching the mountain" means taking hounds to search and chasing their prey out of the mountain, and "sitting in obstacles" means waiting for hunters to choose the places (mountain passes and checkpoints) that their prey must pass through. Generally, people who "search for mountains" and "sit in obstacles" cooperate with hunting. The first person who hits the beast is called the first spear. When distributing prey, people who start with spears will get another animal's head; If the spear doesn't hit the key, and someone else shoots down the prey, the gun repairer can get the internal organs of the prey; Animal meat is distributed equally according to the number of hunters. This vulgar mountain area still exists.

Handicraft apprentice Handicraft apprentice, commonly known as "learning craft". In the past, most students were poor children, with no money for school and no business. After the relationship between master and apprentice is confirmed, it is necessary to prepare a banquet for the master and pay a certain amount of "teaching money" according to the contract.

The general apprenticeship is three years. In the first year, the master seldom taught art, and most of the apprentices helped the master with housework. At the end of your study, you are called "teacher". When you arrive, you must host a banquet for the master and the elders of your peers to show your gratitude. After "starting a business", you can start a business independently, or you can work with a master, called "buddy", and the salary is not much. After the establishment of zz, handicraft apprentices basically followed the old habits, but they could accept female apprentices. After 80s, with the accelerated pace of life, apprenticeship can be negotiated, including half a year, one year to three years and so on.

In the past, shops were open for business. Shopkeepers hold the position of "God of Wealth" and burn incense on the first and fifteenth day of the first lunar month, praying for "lucky money and prosperous business". When a new store opens on a certain day, it is called "opening". A "good luck" banner is hung at the door of the shop, red candles are lit and firecrackers are set off to show good luck. It is customary for friends and relatives in business to give gifts to celebrate, the shopkeeper to hold a banquet and sell goods at a reduced price within three days of opening. The shop assistant apprentice is called "student" and "student", and his salary is very small.

Corrupt customs

In the early years of the Republic of China, there were privately-run cigarette houses and shops selling opium soil in the county. There are also small cigarette shops in market towns such as Wenfang, Tangwan, Shangqing and some big villages. At that time, there were many smokers among children from families above the middle class. Smokers are sallow and emaciated, weak, and some lose everything. In the mid-1930s, the Kuomintang authorities took measures to ban smoking and achieved certain results. However, some people still secretly take sleeping pills. After the founding of New China, the bad habit of smoking opium was completely banned.

Clan Wars Before the founding of New China, clan wars often occurred in Guixi Village, which the feudal rulers could not beat. Some of the causes of the fighting are for the mountains. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there were many battles, each with casualties. Family struggles often occurred in Guixi village, and feudal rulers could not stop them. The reason for some battles is the ownership of forest waters. For example, Liu Hexia of Tangwan Township fought for a dirt mountain. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, there were many battles, each with casualties. Luo in Hengtian Town faces Zhu in Yaochi Town, yujiang county County across the river. In order to compete for fishing waters, they met many times and were enemies for generations, and the casualties were not reported to the government. There are also landlords and township officials who, in order to compete for personal gain, incite clan fights to achieve the goal of personal promotion and wealth. In the "election campaign" in various places in the1940s, Huang Shoude of Datang Township and Xia of Tangwan Township provoked a large-scale struggle for the election of the pseudo-township head, using shotgun, soil cannon, pistol, rifle and other weapons. After the founding of New China, the people's consciousness improved, and the fighting once disappeared. During the "Cultural Revolution", there were many fights, the most serious one was 1967, the fight between the original Wei surname and Xiang surname in Beixiang. One person died and dozens of people were injured and died. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the government conducted many legal education for the people of the county, improved the legal system, and the clan struggle basically disappeared.

Gambling Before the founding of New China, gambling was very popular in urban and rural areas of Guixi, especially in rural areas. There are various ways to gamble, such as holding a potluck, hanging flowers, pushing Pai Jiu, 9: 30, throwing money, throwing eight dollars, throwing three times and so on. Children, regardless of their size, can participate in gambling in the New Year's Eve, and adults are not prohibited. Temple fairs, theaters and markets are all places for gambling. A few vagrants run casinos and wander between urban and rural areas with the troupe. In the late Republic of China, the legal tender depreciated, and the rice was discounted into chips by gambling, and dozens of stone meters were often won or lost. Many people lost their money because of gambling. The government of the Republic of China banned gambling many times, but there was no smoke without fire, and some people took this opportunity to extort money. After the founding of New China, the people's government banned gambling. However, since the mid-1980s, in remote rural areas and corners of towns, a few people have set up gambling villages privately and gathered people to gamble.

Superstition activities Superstition was very common in the old society. There is a "Chaoxiang Temple" in the countryside. Every year during the slack season before the autumn harvest, the villagers will go to the temple in droves to worship the bodhisattva. In case of drought, I picked up the "Dragon King" (snake) and prayed for rain with ceremonial drum music. More people ask God for advice when they are sick. After the founding of New China, most people no longer believe in ghosts and gods. In the late 1980s, there were people who prayed to God, told fortune and visited fortune.

Foot-binding From the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, women's foot-binding became a common practice, and those who did not foot-binding were ridiculed as Bigfoot women. This trend gradually disappeared in the late 1930s.

Before the founding of New China, although there were no publicly listed brothels in Guixi, there were quite a few semi-public prostitutes. These prostitutes lure customers in many ways by becoming sworn sisters. When the rich celebrate, they are called to the door to play and sing songs for the guests at the banquet, which is called "Tangzi Class". There are also dark Juan acting alone, traveling to and from the study room, Tangwan and other market towns, relying on prostitution for a living. After the founding of New China, the people's government banned prostitution, and Juan prostitutes once disappeared. In the mid-1980s, dark clouds appeared in county towns and individual towns.

taboo

The word "kill" should be avoided when killing pigs in the New Year, which is called "releasing pigs". The pig head is called "pig head" or "pig gauze cap". The pig's tail is said to weigh "one thousand kilograms"

Avoid eating dog meat in the New Year, and "beating dogs for the New Year" is the most unlucky.

Don't say unlucky things on the first day of the first month, and don't eat moldy tofu before the Lantern Festival.

Don't use needle and thread scissors during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival.

Wedding gifts, the number of gifts should not be single or double.

At the wedding reception, bowls and plates are forbidden to be stacked together, which means "starting over".

On the day when the bride entered her in-laws' house, she ate what she called "angry rice" and would be angry all her life.

Married daughters are forbidden to spend the New Year at their parents' home. Daughters and son-in-law are forbidden to share the same room with their parents, and it is forbidden to have children in their parents' homes, except for recruiting relatives.

Don't have a seat for nine people at the banquet, because the "Nine Kings" attending the funeral only have one seat.

Don't set the table straight, only the table can serve food.

When the deceased enters the coffin, avoid saying "coffin" and only say "wealth".

When an adult dies, the life of a child is broken. Don't say "death". Adult death is called "death" and "old age", and child death is called "except" and "gone".

When an old man over 60 dies, it is forbidden to use five pieces of wood as a coffin cover. Five pieces of wood are called "five-pointed stars" and are used by "short-lived ghosts".

When visiting a patient or attending a funeral banquet, you can't say "thank you" or "come next time".

Don't take back the things that visitors visit patients. You must accept them.

Mushroom farmers invite people to dinner and avoid saying "thank you".

It is forbidden to say "Wen" when building a pigsty.

When building a house, setting furniture and knocking at the door, it is forbidden to say "hit" but "send".

Men should avoid wearing women's clothes and pants and passing under bamboo poles.

Avoid sneezing, thinking that someone is talking about himself behind his back.

Avoid magpies, many places think magpies are good news, while Guixi people think magpies are unlucky.

Avoid owls.

Children with measles are forbidden to contact strangers.

People in the mountains are bitten by snakes, so we should avoid the word "snake bite". They just said they tripped over vines.