Excerpts from Classical Chinese in Xunzi Feixiang

There is nothing in ancient times, and scholars know nothing. [ 1]

In ancient times, there were ancient Buziqing. In this world, there are Tang Ju in Liang, and people are known for their good and bad luck, which is called by the secular. There is nothing in ancient times, and scholars know nothing.

Therefore, it is better to choose surgery than to talk, and it is better to choose surgery than to talk. The appearance is overwhelming, and the heart is overwhelming. If the technique is right and the heart is smooth, it is disgusting and good, which is harmless to the gentleman; Although good-hearted and evil-hearted, it is harmless to the villains. Lucky for a gentleman, fierce for a villain. Therefore, long and short, small and big, good and evil, no good or bad, no ancient people. Scholars are ignorant.

Gai Yao Di is long and Shun Di is short; Wang Wenchang, Zhou Gongduan; Zhong Ni is long, and his bow is short. Once upon a time, there was a minister named Gong, who was seven feet long and three feet wide and had a nose.

Eyes and ears, fame moves the world. In the future, I will think of my handsome Chu Sun, who is bald and left-handed, and is not as mysterious as Chu. Ye Gongzi is tall, small and short. If he walks, he will wear clothes. However, the rebellion of Bai Gong also made Yin Zixi and Sima Zi period.

Are all dead; Ye Gongzi's lofty position in Chu State, his punishment to Bai Gong and his determination to Chu State, such as the achievement of backhand, will be remembered for his benevolence. Therefore, a scholar should not be too long, too big, too heavy, too ambitious, long and short, small and big, beautiful and evil, no matter what!

The shape of Xu Yanwang is impressive; Zhong Ni's shape, face like a mask; Duke Zhou is like a broken body; Hao Tao is shaped like a peeled melon; In the shape of death, there is no skin on the face; Fu Shuo is shaped like a fin; The shape of Yi Yin does not need moose; In the jump, the soup is partial, and Yao and Shun are looking for it. Followers will say that ambition is more evil than literature? Go straight to the difference between long and short, distinguish between beauty and evil, and pride and evil?

The ancients were outstanding, long and beautiful, outstanding in the world, and the stronger their muscles, the enemy of a hundred people. However, the death of the country and the country is a major event in the world, and the evil words of future generations will be collected. It's also a question of right or wrong appearance, and I haven't heard much, so let's discuss it humbly!

Today's secular chaotic monarch, the son of pastoral joy, is gorgeous and wild, dressed in strange clothes, decorated with feminine, and her bloody attitude means feminine; Women don't want to be husbands and virgins don't want to be scholars.

Abandoning in-laws and trying to run are shoulder to shoulder. However, Zhong Jun is ashamed to think of himself as a minister, Guanzhong is ashamed to think of himself as a son, Zhong Xiong is ashamed to think of himself as a brother, and he is ashamed to think of himself as a friend. Russia is tied to the company and kills the market. It is necessary to cry and regret.

Let's begin. It is also a question of appearance right or wrong. It is not common to hear it, so it is better to discuss it. However, followers will either.

People have three ominous signs: young people are unwilling to grow up, cheap people are unwilling to be expensive, and unscrupulous people are unwilling to be virtuous. This is the third ominous sign of people. People will be poor in three ways: those above cannot love, those below are better than those above, and one is poor; If the country is not, it will be embarrassing.

Then, the second person will be poor; Knowledge and practice are shallow, and merits and demerits are linked. However, the benevolent can't push, the knowledgeable can't understand, and people will be poor after three years. People have these three walkers, thinking that going up is dangerous and going down is extinct. poetic sentiment

Yue said, "Although the rain and snow are heavy, the banquet is gone. Moken went down the tunnel and his style was arrogant. " This is also called.

People are human, why have they always been like this? Yue: It is also used to distinguish them. Hunger leads to food, cold leads to warmth, labor leads to rest, good leads to benefit, and evil leads to harm, all of which are born by human beings and are all in vain.

However, this is also shared by Yu Hejie. However, people are not only two legs, but also hairless, because they are noble. Today's husband smiled, but he has two feet and no hair. However, a gentleman sips his soup and eats it. The reason why old friends are

People not only have their feet and hairlessness, but also their discrimination. Husband and beast have father and son but no father and son's relatives, and there is no difference between men and women, so there is no difference between men and women.

Discrimination is greater than points, points are greater than ceremony, and ceremony is greater than the holy king. There are hundreds of holy kings. What can I do? Therefore, it is said: if you keep writing for a long time, you will rest for a long time, and if you keep it for a long time, you will be absolutely sure. Those who abide by the law are extremely humble.

Therefore, if you want to see the trace of the holy king, you will be embarrassed by it, and the queen mother will also. He is the king after him and the king of the world. He gave up the king after him and said ancient times. For example, he gave up himself and served others. So, if you want to see Chitose, just count today and want to know 100 million.

If you want to know the world, you will judge Zhou Dao. If you want to know Zhou Dao, you will judge your dear gentleman. So we can know the distance from the near, everything from the one, and everything from the micro. This is also called.

The husband said proudly, "Ancient and modern feelings are different, and chaos is also different." Everyone is confused. Those who are ignorant of others are ignorant, and those who are ignorant and extravagant are ignorant. What it sees is still deceivable, even worse than what has been circulated for thousands of years! Fools, between home and home, can still be deceived, the situation is over a thousand years!

Why don't saints bully, saying: saints, take their own methods. Therefore, people are measured by people, feelings are measured by feelings, classes are measured by classes, merits are measured by words, and Taoism is exhausted. do not have class

Paradoxically, although it happened a long time ago, my hometown was not inhabited by evil fans or confused by sundries, so I can measure it. There are no descendants and sages outside the Five Emperors, which is a long-standing reason. Among the five emperors, there is no political communication and good governance, which is a long-standing reason. Yu and Tang Dou once spread politics.

If you don't keep the week, there will be no good governance, but a long history. Long-term communicators talk about simplicity, while recent ones talk about detail. Jane raises children and raises small ones. Fools smell its details but don't know its details, smell its details but don't know its size. It takes a long time to die, and it takes a long time to die.

Anything that doesn't conform to the former king and etiquette is called rape. Although arguing, the gentleman won't listen. The first king of France, obedient and upright, was a party scholar. However, it is hard to say that without Le Yan, he is not a sincere scholar.

Therefore, a gentleman's words are good, his ambition is good, his actions are safe, and Le Yan is good. Therefore, a gentleman must argue. Ordinary people can't say what's good about themselves, but gentlemen do. Therefore, giving people words is more important than stones and jade; Persuading people with words is more beautiful than articles; Listen to people,

Happy with the clock, drum and harp. Therefore, a gentleman's words are not enough. On the contrary, it is good, in fact, it doesn't care about his writing, so it is inevitable to be vulgar for life. Therefore, "Yi" said: "No complaints, no reputation." Corrupt Confucianism is also called.

Whenever there is something to hide, it is from the highest to the lowest, and even to chaos. If you can't reach it, you will get sick if you raise it far, and the modern world will get sick. Good people are idle and will stay away without hesitation. I will not be hired in the near future, but will migrate with the times, and the priority will be tight. But if the government is quiet and secluded, it doesn't matter, but it doesn't hurt.

Therefore, the gentleman's degree, with the cable as the key link, people are dragged. Enough to become the law of the world; Picking up people drags them on, so they can be tolerant, because they want world affairs. Therefore, a gentleman is virtuous and tolerant, knowing and tolerant of fools, knowing and tolerant of shallowness, refined and tolerant of miscellaneous, and a husband is both skilled and skilled. "Poetry" says: "Since Xu Fang is also a son of heaven's work." This is also called.

The art of talking: respecting the village, being sincere, being strong, metaphor, analogy, clarity, being fond of fragrance, giving, being precious and being noble. If so, it is often said that there are no exceptions. Although we don't talk about people, people are expensive, and my husband calls them expensive. Chuan said, "Only a gentleman can be expensive." This is also called.

A gentleman must argue. Ordinary people can't say what they are good at, but what a gentleman does. It is built on the basis of small civil air defense and gentleman's defense of benevolence. Speak unkindly, speak silently,

Its argument is not as good as it is; Speak with benevolence, those who are good at words will go up, and those who are not good at words will go down. Therefore, benevolence is great. Top-down, down the road, decree also; Bottom-up, so loyal to the top, help the world also, so the gentleman's trip is also benevolent

Tired. Good intentions, safe actions, Le Yan's, so gentlemen will argue. It is better to see the end than to argue; It is better to see the responsibility than to see the end. Small debate and observation, see the end and understand, duty and reason, sage and gentleman.

There are villains, scholars and gentlemen, and saints: those who don't think first, don't plan early, take it when they come, write it down, move to the wrong place, and be resourceful are saints.

Debater also. Think well first, make plans early, listen to what you have to say, practice what you have to write, and be honest with the party. He is also a debater of scholars and gentlemen. It is not enough to obey the Ming king and make peace by listening to his words and arguing without unity, but deceiving him with his body and not falling down.

However, Qi people, without exception, hold their breath, only 30 days, which is enough for Qi, and strictness belongs to them. Her husband is called the male traitor, the holy king, so the first punishment is also. Then the thief comes second. If thieves want to change, this must not change.

Observing a person's appearance to infer good or bad, there is no such thing in ancient times, and learned people don't talk about it. In ancient times, there was an aunt, Bu Ziqing; In today's era, Wei state-owned

A Tang Ju. They can know his good or bad by observing his appearance and complexion, and secular people praise them. There was no such thing in ancient times, and learned people didn't talk about it. It is better to observe a person's appearance than to examine him.

Thinking, examining his thoughts, it is better to recognize his way of life in the world. Appearance is not as important as thought, and thought is not as important as the way to exist in the world. If the way to live in the world is correct and the thoughts are consistent, then even if the body looks ugly,

Thought and way of life are good and will not prevent him from becoming a gentleman; Even though his body looks good and his thoughts and ways of living are ugly, it can't hide that he has become a villain. A gentleman can be said to be lucky, and a villain can be said to be fierce. therefore

Height, figure, beauty and ugliness are not signs of good or bad luck. There was no such thing in ancient times, and learned people didn't talk about it.

It is said that Yao Di is tall and Shun Di is short. Zhou Wenwang is tall and Zhou Gongdan is short; Confucius is tall; Ran Yong is short. Once upon a time, there was a courtier named GongSunLu in Wei Linggong. He was seven feet tall, his face was three feet long and his forehead was three inches wide, but he had a nose.

He has children, eyes and ears, and his reputation has caused a sensation all over the world. Sun Shuai of Chu is a countryman where he misses his life. His hair is short and bald and his left hand is long. Standing on the porch, he was still under the crossbar of the trunk, but let the state of Chu weigh him.

Overlord and princes. Ye Gongzi is tall, weak and short, and he can't seem to grasp his clothes when he walks. However, when Bai Gong won the uprising, Yin Zixi and Sima Zi died at the hands of Bai Gong, but they led the army into Chu and killed Bai.

It is easy to settle Chu, and the fame of benevolence and righteousness is praised by future generations. Therefore, for scholars, it is not to measure the height of the body, not to measure the size of the body, nor to measure the body.

Heavy, and can only see his ambition. What physical aspects can be used to judge people, such as height, figure, beauty and ugliness? In addition to the shape of Xu Yanwang, the eyes can look up at the forehead; The shape of Confucius seems to be covered with an ugly face.

The ugly mask of the exorcist; Zhou Gongdan is shaped like a broken dead tree; The shape of Hao Tao, his face is green like a peeled melon; Yao Hong's style, the sideburns on his face are so much that he can't see the skin; teacher

When it comes to shape, the body is like a vertical pillar; Yi Yin's shape, no beard and eyebrows on his face. I limped and jumped with a jerk; The soup is semi-dry; Shun has two parallel pupils in his eyes. People who believe in physiognomy are examined.

What about their aspirations and ideas and comparing their knowledge? Or just distinguish their height, their beauty and ugliness to deceive and envy each other?

Nowadays, the people who are in trouble in the world and the frivolous teenagers in the village are all beautiful and enchanting. They dress up as women in strange clothes, and their expressions and attitudes are similar to those of women. No woman doesn't want this.

When a man is a husband, there is no girl who doesn't want such a man to be her fiance. Women who abandon their relatives and families and want to elope with them are shoulder to shoulder. But the average monarch is ashamed to treat such people as servants and ordinary fathers.

I am ashamed to treat such people as sons, brothers in general are ashamed to treat such people as brothers, and people in general are ashamed to treat such people as friends. Soon, such people will be tied up by officials and beheaded in busy streets, and they will make a hullabaloo about.

The sky cried and cried, and everyone was sad for their fate today and regretted their original behavior. This is not the fault of looks. People who trust each other don't know much, so it's so bad to talk. Say this

Son, between judging people by their appearances and judging them by their thoughts, which view would you agree with? People have three unlucky things: the young refuse to serve the old, the humble refuse to serve the noble, and the incompetent refuse to serve the noble.

Yes, these are the three great evils of mankind. There are three situations in which people are bound to get into trouble: being a monarch can't love his subjects, but being a subject likes to criticize the monarch, which is the first situation in which people are bound to get into trouble; Face to face

Disobedience, followed by slander, is the second case, and people will inevitably get themselves into trouble; Knowledge is shallow, virtue is not thick, and the ability to distinguish right from wrong is far less than others, but kind people are not commendable, but they are wise.

People can't respect them, which is the third situation that people are bound to get into trouble. With these three ominous and pitiful behaviors, people will be in danger if they are kings, and they will perish if they are ministers. "Poetry" says: "Snow falls one after another.

When the sky is floating, the sun will melt away. People refuse to retire, and they should always be proud when they are in office. "Said is this kind of situation.

Why do people become people? I want to say: because people have different boundaries for all kinds of things. Hungry, I want to eat, cold, warm, tired, I want to rest, I like to benefit, I hate to suffer. This is human nature.

There is an innate nature, which will happen without learning. So is Yu Hejie.

However, people become people, not only because there is no hair on their feet, but because they have different boundaries for all kinds of things. Now the shape of orangutan is similar to that of human beings. It has two feet, but it only has hair, but

The gentleman tasted its broth and ate its meat slices. So people become people, not only because there is no hair on their feet, but because they have different boundaries for all kinds of things. The beast has a father and a son, but

There is no affection between father and son; There are men and women, but there is no distinction between men and women. As a moral standard of human society, we should distinguish the boundaries of all things.

There is nothing more important to distinguish the boundaries of various things than to determine birthright, to determine birthright is nothing more important than to follow etiquette, and to follow etiquette is nothing more important than to imitate saints.

The emperor is more important. There are hundreds of wise emperors, which one should we follow? Then I have to say: the etiquette system has been lost because of the age, and the rhythm of music has also been lost because of the age. Responsible for the etiquette rules is

Customs officials are also out of touch with etiquette because it is far from the time when etiquette is formulated. Therefore, to observe the deeds of wise emperors, it is necessary to observe clear figures, and emperors of later generations are all. The descendants of the so-called emperor.

The king is the king who rules the world now; Abandon later emperors to praise ancient emperors, such as abandoning one's own monarch to serve the monarchs of other countries. So: If you want to observe the Millennium.

Things, we must carefully examine the present; If you want to know hundreds of millions of things, you must understand one or two things; If you want to understand the social situation in ancient times, you must examine the way of governing the country in Zhou Dynasty. If you want to know about the Zhou Dynasty

The way to govern the country is to examine the gentlemen they respect. So: "Understand ancient times according to modern times; Know tens of thousands of things from one thing and the obvious from hidden things. " That's what I'm talking about.

Reason.

Ignorant and unjust people say: "The ancient and modern borders are different, and those who govern chaos in ancient and modern times have different paths." So the general public is confused by them. so-called

The general public is ignorant and unable to tell the truth, and ignorant and unable to judge right and wrong. They can fool them with their own eyes, not to mention the rumors thousands of years ago! All that ignorance and nonsense

People who talk nonsense are between the gate and the yard, and they can deceive people, not to mention thousands of years ago! Why can't saints be deceived? This is because: saints are pushed according to their own personal experience.

Someone who breaks things. Therefore, he infers the ancients according to the situation of modern people, infers the feelings of ancient people according to the feelings of modern people, infers something similar in ancient times according to something modern, and according to the theory that has been passed down to this day.

Infer the achievements of the ancients according to the universal law of things and observe everything in ancient times, because the situation is the same in ancient and modern times. As long as it is not contradictory and similar, even if it is separated for a long time, the basic nature is still

Similarly, therefore, a saint will not be confused in the face of heresy and fallacy, nor will he be confused when observing complex things, because he can measure according to this truth. In Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi and Yaoshun emperors.

Celebrities who have not been handed down to future generations before are not those who have no talent at that time, but because of too long time; Among the five emperors, there were no political measures that were passed down to future generations, not to say that they did not have good political measures.

But because the time is too long; Although Yu Xia and Shang Tang had political measures passed down to later generations, they were not as clear as Zhou Dynasty, not because they didn't have good political measures, but because they took too long. When things are circulating.

After a long time, then simply talk about it; Modern things will be detailed when we talk about them. Short, can only be listed roughly; Detailed, list its details. The foolish man stopped moving when he heard a brief argument.

Know the details, and after hearing the details, you will no longer know the general situation. Therefore, the etiquette system is lost because of the age, and the music rhythm is lost because of the age.

Saying anything does not conform to the moral principles of the ancient holy king and does not follow the etiquette, which is called heresy. Even if it is beautiful and reasonable, the gentleman will not listen. Imitate the ancient holy king.

Follow etiquette and get close to learned people. But if you don't like talking about the holy king and don't want to preach etiquette and benevolence, then you must not be a sincere bachelor. A gentleman likes the correct theory at heart, follows it wholeheartedly in action, and is willing to publicize it.

It ... so, a gentleman must be eloquent. Everyone doesn't like to say what he thinks is good, especially a gentleman. Therefore, a gentleman's kind words to others are more valuable than a stone, a bead or a jade. Bashan

If you show it to others, it feels more beautiful than letting people see the colorful patterns on the skirt; I prefer to say friendly words to others than to listen to bells, drums, lyres and harps. Therefore, a gentleman never tires of listening to the propaganda of kind words. A mean little man

On the contrary, they only pay attention to material interests, regardless of literary talent, so they will be humble and vulgar all their lives. So Zhouyi said, "Like a bag with a closed mouth, there is neither blame nor praise." That's what I'm talking about.

Pedantic Confucian scholars.

The difficulty of persuasion lies in treating those extremely despicable people with extremely lofty ideological realm and contacting those who can best govern the country with political means.

People who make a mess of the country can't achieve their goals directly. It is easy to describe ancient examples as fallacies and modern examples as vulgarity. People who are good at persuasion will cite ancient examples instead of sending them.

It is fallacious to cite modern examples without being vulgar; The content of speech should change with the development of the times and be suppressed with the change of the secular world; It doesn't matter whether you speak lightly or urgently, more or less.

Like dams that block running water and tools to correct bamboo and wood, adapt to the situation and control yourself; Tell the other person what he wants to say in diplomatic terms, but don't hurt him. So a gentleman is self-disciplined, just like a carpenter straightening with ink lines.

Treat people like a boat and welcome guests. Discipline yourself with ink-line rules, so that you can make yourself an example to be followed by all the people in the world; Treat others with a tired attitude, so that you can tolerate others and rely on others to achieve.

The great cause of governing the country and leveling the world. A gentleman can accommodate incompetent people, a smart person can accommodate ignorant people, a well-informed person can accommodate ignorant people, and a morally pure person can accommodate people with complex conduct. This is called tolerance.

Law. The poem says: "Guo Xulai's obedience is a great achievement of the son of heaven." That's what I said.

The persuasion methods in the conversation include: facing him with a serious attitude, treating him with a correct and sincere heart, supporting him with a firm and strong will, and quoting him with metaphors.

The method makes him familiar, makes him understand by piecemeal analysis, and instills it in him warmly, making his words appear precious, rare, important and wonderful. Persuasion like this is often unacceptable,

Even if you don't please others, others don't disrespect you. This is called being able to cherish what you cherish. The ancient book says, "Only a gentleman will cherish what he cherishes." That's the truth.

Ah.

A gentleman must be eloquent. Everyone doesn't like to say what they think is good. A gentleman is better than the average person. Little people have a glib tongue, which is insidious propaganda.

Operation; And a gentleman's eloquence is to preach the way of kindness. If it doesn't conform to the way of benevolence, then he won't be as silent and clumsy as he is; If you speak in good faith,

Tao, then people who like to talk are superior, and people who don't like to talk are inferior. Therefore, it is very important to speak on the principle of benevolence. Policies and orders are formulated by the monarch to guide his subjects;

It is advice and dissuasion from subjects, and it is used to serve the monarch. Therefore, a gentleman pursues benevolence tirelessly, likes it in his heart, follows it wholeheartedly in his actions and is willing to talk about it. Therefore, a gentleman must be eloquent.

Yes Instead of arguing about details, it is better to reveal clues than to reveal inherent birthright. If you can understand the details of the debate well, reveal the clues clearly, and manage your inherent position well, then you will have the identity of a saint and a gentleman.

Yes There are arguments between villains, gentlemen and saints. If you don't make progress and plan ahead, you can speak appropriately, which is both literary and polite. You can also respond to the wording and change the topic at will.

It is a saint's debate to change and never tire of answering.

Think ahead, plan as early as possible, and the speech later is worth listening to. It is both literary and meticulous, profound and fair. This is a gentleman's argument.

Listening to him is beautiful and unsystematic, and appointing him to do things is deceptive and invalid; You can't obey the wise emperor in the world, nor can you make the people in the world harmonious;

However, his speech is measured, or boastful, or just Nuo Nuo's, properly adjusted; This kind of person can talk big, can talk big, and can be called an adulterer among the bad guys. A wise emperor came to power, and this kind of person was the first to be killed, but.

Then put the thief behind him for punishment. Because thieves can change, and such people can't repent and turn over a new leaf.