How do you think the Mu Us Desert could become grassland or forest?

The cause of desert is insufficient precipitation, loose soil and coarse sand. The third is man-made destruction. Among them, insufficient precipitation is the decisive factor.

Find out the cause of the desert and look back at how the Mu Us Desert was formed.

Mu Us Desert is located in the north of the Great Wall Line in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, with an area of about 42,200 square kilometers. The annual average temperature is about 6 degrees, the altitude is between 1 100- 1300, and the precipitation is 250±400mm, which is brought by the Asian monsoon climate and belongs to the level of temperate grassland. The Mu Us Desert is really not a desert in history. According to historical research, the south of Maowusu was the political and economic center of Xiongnu nationality in the 5th century. This place should have been a good pasture at that time, with beautiful water plants and pleasant scenery, otherwise it would not have become the center of Xiongnu. Later, due to a large number of reclamation, climate change and war, the ground vegetation was completely lost, and sand was raised in situ, forming the later sand. The Mu Us Desert has gradually expanded in a period of one or two thousand years. Since the Tang Dynasty, sandstorms have accumulated, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a vast desert was formed.

Therefore, the formation of Mu Us Desert should be dominated by man-made destruction, and natural climate change is not the main factor.

Since human factors are the main factors in the formation of Mu Us Desert, it is possible to turn Mu Us Desert into grassland by regulating human behavior.

Now, an important way to transform the Mu Us Desert is to advocate planting trees, which is wrong. Because the precipitation in this area is not enough to plant trees, for example, for temperate savanna, the precipitation should reach 350~500 mm At present, some places in Mu Us area have successfully planted trees. In fact, it is realized by drainage irrigation, that is, the water in place A is moved to place B for irrigation. This method is no problem for local transformation, but not for overall transformation.

In Mu Us desert area, the lowest cost and the best effect are closing sand and planting grass. As long as reclamation activities and animal husbandry are reduced and natural precipitation is relied on, a large grassland will be formed in a short time. Professor Shi Yuanchun, an academician of China Academy of Sciences, had done an experiment of closing sand and planting grass on the edge of Mu Us Desert in Ningxia, which only closed an area of 46 square kilometers. Six years later, the grass density in the enclosure area reached 4.6kg/m2, while the grass density in the natural grazing area was less than 0.2 kg/m2, and the change was amazing.

It is a good wish to transform the Mu Us Desert. To realize our wishes, we should respect the laws of nature, rely on science and be patient. Don't rush headlong into projects that look good but useless for political achievements.

Maybe in ten years, we can't call it Mu Us Desert. It took decades for sand control people to finally solve this desert. The desert has turned into fertile land, and the restoration of the whole ecological environment is definitely a good thing for the local people. This also proves one thing. When people walked into the sand, they retreated.

The Mu Us Desert, the predecessor of Mu Us Desert, is located between Yulin City, Shaanxi Province and Yikezhao League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, covering an area of 42,200 square kilometers. The Great Wall of Wan Li runs through the southern edge of the desert from east to west. According to research, in ancient times, this area was a good pasture with abundant water plants and pleasant scenery. Later, due to climate change and war, the vegetation on the ground was completely lost, and it was human beings who turned this oasis into what it is today.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wei Qing captured the Hetao area and reoccupied Mu Us. The local Emperor Wudi built Xihe, Shuofang, Yunzhong, Beidi, Wuyuan and Shang Jun, and governed 1 15 counties. Subsequently, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty moved 700,000 civilians to the Maowusu area and established a military camp. Started a planned reclamation work.

After 2000, after various wars, the Mu Us finally turned the oasis into a desert.

Mankind began to develop land without restriction for its own benefit. This is the biggest reason.

Since 1959, people have made great efforts to build windbreaks, divert water and prevent sand, divert water and discharge flood and sand, and carry out this huge project to transform the desert with the confidence of one mountain in Gong Yu. Decades have passed, and the desert has become an oasis, which is a feat and miracle worth remembering in the history of sand control in China.

Behind the miracle is the contribution of sand control people for decades.

People believe that the Yellow River will be clear one day, so we should start with sand control.

In the past 70 years, the area of Mu Us Desert in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province has been shrinking, and the annual desertification reversal rate is 65438 0.62%. The forest coverage rate has also increased from 0.9% at the beginning of the founding of New China to 34.8%, and the green map of Shaanxi has moved more than 400 kilometers to the north.

Today, the desertification control rate in Mu Us area has reached 93.24%, and this desert will run out of life and will soon withdraw from the historical stage.

If properly managed according to the actual situation, the Mu Us desert will not completely become grassland or forest, but the desert area will gradually shrink.

When I was in Inner Mongolia Corps, it was about 50 kilometers from Wulate Qianqi, where the division headquarters was located, to the dam head of Wuliangsuhai, where the regiment headquarters was located. Along the way, there are undulating sand dunes or grass beaches, and there is no house, and occasionally a tent can be seen.

At that time, some living facilities of regimental headquarters and company separated the sand dunes from Wuliangsuhai.

After more than 30 years, we went back there. On the way from Qianqi to Batou, we saw patches of sunflowers and cornfields. We were shocked. We never thought that large sand dunes would become fields for cash crops. When we were here, we only had a small vegetable plot of the company to grow some potatoes and tomatoes.

Therefore, as long as the concept is changed and the technical means are improved, the area of desert should be gradually reduced and the ecological environment will change.

The attached picture was taken when I went to Shangdu County, Inner Mongolia two years ago. When I worked there, although it was not a desert, I could only collect dozens of pounds of naked oats or some potatoes and cabbage per mu on barren land. This time, I saw green everywhere, with patches of beets, sunflowers and a small piece of naked oats.

Everything is changing, and everything will get better.

Mu Us sandy land is different from desert. The sand layer is about 1 m thick, and the land is below the sand layer. Through unremitting efforts, not only the desertification has ended, but also the greening has achieved remarkable results. This is a great achievement in combating desertification in China. I hope that one day, the map will mark the Mu Us grassland, not the Mu Us sandy land. Pay tribute to the unsung heroes of sand control in all walks of life across the country!

Mu Us Desert is located between Yulin City of Shaanxi Province and Yikezhao League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, covering an area of 42,200 square kilometers. The Great Wall of Wan Li lies on the southern edge of the desert.

The first desert expressway in China was built here. Extending from Yulin to the north near the mausoleum of Genghis Khan, it is about to get on the national highway. Although it is only a few tens of kilometers, the builders have a great sense of accomplishment.

Soon after opening to traffic, I was lucky enough to pass by by car, and yellow sand piled up on both sides of the expressway, which could engulf the expressway at any time. Parking by the roadside, climbing barefoot on the highland dunes, everywhere desolate, endless dunes can not see the edge, there is almost no vegetation along the way, and a string of animal footprints are clearly left on the soft sand.

At that time, the whole of northern Shaanxi was on this 20-kilometer expressway. Before it was opened to traffic, this national road was often covered with quicksand. Vehicles going to Baotou and Hohhot via Yulin would rather bypass Shanxi than take the Maowusu section.

About 20 16, my family and I drove back to Xi' an from Baotou. The route is G65 Baomao Expressway, and the desert highway has been merged into this expressway and must pass. I said to my lover: take you to see the sand sea.

The car passed the mausoleum of Genghis Khan, and the road was covered with green vegetation, with no sand dunes at all. I thought I was going the wrong way, but the place names along the way were all right, right? In a place where you can park, climb high along the sand with real feet. There is green everywhere, and Salix and Haloxylon ammodendron can't see the edge at a glance. It was not until Yulin City that I saw a sand dune. My family kept smiling and asking me: What about the desert highway you are talking about?

Later, I went to Baicheng in Hengshan County, where a large area of green plants covered the former sand dunes. The county town, which was almost driven away by the sandstorm, is firmly located in the same place. People deeply realize that people retreat into the sand because of the hard work of the local people, not by mouth.

It's time to make up your mind: "nomadism", a backward and destructive mode of production, should have been completely ended long ago.

The transformation of Mu Us has gradually turned into grasslands or forests, in fact, just to restore the original appearance.

The former Mu Us Desert used to be an excellent pasture with abundant aquatic plants.

However, the ecology in this area is fragile and the soil layer is not deep. Once the surface turf is destroyed, the gravel below is exposed.

Later, due to over-exploitation (including reclamation and grazing), the vegetation in Mu Us area became worse and worse, so that it was lost and formed a desert. Yulin City, located in the front of the desert, had to move many times because of the desert, leaving a helpless story of "Yulin moved three times".

The history of the fall of Maowusu was once the activity center of Xiongnu. Meng Tian, the general of the Qin Dynasty, led 300,000 Qin Jun to drive the Xiongnu northward and captured the Hetao area where the Mu Us Desert was located. The loss of this area made the Huns "six animals don't communicate with each other."

During the Qin and Han dynasties, it should still be a high-quality pasture, with large grasslands and forests, and farmland has also been developed.

After the Qin and Han Dynasties, due to the war and environmental deterioration, the farmland here was destroyed and became a completely nomadic area. By the Tang Dynasty, sand had appeared here. According to experts' argument, the overgrazing of the "Nine Surnames of Zhaowu" in the Tang Dynasty is an important reason for the serious deterioration of the natural environment in this area.

After the Tang Dynasty, the desert gradually spread southward like psoriasis. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it had completely turned into a vast desert. Because the Great Wall passed through the Maowusu area, quicksand was often accumulated under the Great Wall in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, so it was possible to ride across the Great Wall. The Ming government had to raise huge sums of money to "scrape sand" for the Great Wall, otherwise the nomadic people "rode in and out, like treading on the ground; Plunder my property and commit adultery with my woman. "

Until the early days of the founding of New China, the Mu Us Desert was still expanding.

Therefore, the governance of the Mu Us Desert is by no means a "face project" or an "image project", but a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood. We don't attack the desert, but the desert will attack us. It can be said that desert management is a matter of life and death.

The course of China's counter-offensive against the desert began at 1959, and the government and people of China launched a counter-offensive against the Mu Us Desert. This process is arduous, tortuous and remarkable.

After management, Yulin City is no longer a vast sea of sand, but an "oasis" full of willows.

Yulin City has built more than 0/650,000 mu of forest land, 4 shelterbelts with a total length of 1500 km and afforestation 1629 mu, which has increased the coverage rate of forest and grass from 0.9% to 25%, and 70% of quicksand has been fixed and semi-fixed.

As far as the whole Mu Us Desert is concerned, 80% of the area has been managed. It can be said that this desert can already be crossed off the map.

Nomadic life should be over. Why did the Mu Us area change from a good pasture to a desert? Overcultivation is the reason.

Although land reclamation also destroyed the ecology here, it was a matter of individual historical periods. What really destroys the environment here is caused by long-term excessive nomadism.

On the relatively barren grassland, nomadism is a way of life invented by our ancestors. Grassland ancestors grazed cattle and sheep on the vast grasslands of Central Asia. When the grassland in one place is used up, cattle and sheep are driven to other places.

This mode of production has bred generations of nomadic people, from Xiongnu to Xianbei, to Turkic, to Qidan and then to Mongolia. However, this mode of production also destroyed the land where they were born, making this land gradually barren and turned into Gobi and desert.

Today, the world is rapidly entering modernization, agriculture is entering the era of mechanization, and the mode of production is very different from that of a hundred years ago. In China, this change happened in the past 30 years. The nomadic industry changes a lot less, basically depending on the weather.

It is necessary for us to re-examine the backward, inefficient and destructive mode of production. Today, when science and technology are highly developed and food production can completely ensure people's food and clothing, is nomadic industry still necessary?

Mongolia, which is separated from China, provides us with a comparative model. Mongolia's economy is backward, and a large number of people are still engaged in backward nomadic industry. Nomads are constantly in dispute and their output value is unstable, because climate change has a great influence on them.

Animal husbandry is only one of the economic pillars of Mongolia, and now Mongolia's economy is more and more focused on mining.

It can be said that Mongolia's economic situation is not healthy, and the backward but inseparable nomadic industry is an important reason. The deterioration of the environment leads to the decline of livestock and the decrease of herdsmen's income. The decrease of income forces herders to work harder to overload grazing, which leads to further deterioration of the environment.

The natural environment in Mongolia has been seriously damaged, and the trend of desertification is obvious. It is said that Mongolia's rivers are drying up at the rate of 400 rivers a year. At present, the source of sandstorms in northern China every spring is mostly Mongolian.

Looking back at China, a small number of nomadic people are still nomadic on a large territory, and the economic benefits are extremely low. However, the damage of nomadism to the environment is obvious. To put it bluntly, nomadism means that this generation makes money, but it makes it difficult for future generations to make money.

Traveling to Tibet, I found many barren hills near Lhasa. But in fact, the altitude and latitude in this area are not high, the rainfall is abundant, and rivers such as Yarlung Zangbo River and Lhasa River crisscross. But why is the mountain deserted? I'm afraid it is because Lhasa has a large population in history, and long-term overgrazing has led to soil erosion. If the soil is gone, if grazing is stopped, the grass will not grow.

Considering that the plateau soil is barren, if no measures are taken, the above scene will be the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the future.

Now, some places around Lhasa are trying to restore the ecological environment here in the following difficult and expensive ways.

The nomadic population in China is actually very small. As a vast country with a population of 654.38+0.4 billion and the second largest economy in the world, it is fully capable of transforming the nomadic population and diverting them to modern agriculture, animal husbandry, tourism and other formats, which can not only eliminate the negative impact of nomadic formats, but also enable the existing nomadic population to live a better life.

What is in the present, what is in the future. The later you do it, the more expensive it is.

In fact, the Mu Us Desert hardly exists now. On the one hand, it is artificially planted trees, on the other hand, it is obvious climate change.

For example, Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang, when I went there in 20 15, it was still a long yellow sand with no vegetation at all, but last year's news reports had grown grass.

It should be noted that the grass on Mingsha Mountain is not human, but grows by itself.

In addition, this summer, Zhengzhou, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo and other places suffered a once-in-a-century heavy rainfall. Heavy rainfall occurred in Hanzhong, Ankang and other places in Shaanxi, Qingyang and Pingliang in Gansu. Even the Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim Basin was flooded this year.

According to the scientific research data, the rainfall line of 800 mm last year has forcibly crossed the Qinling Mountains.

As we all know, the Huaihe River line in Qinling Mountains is the traditional dividing line between the north and the south in China, and it is also the dividing line of rainfall. Because the rainfall in the north of this line is between 400-600 mm, only wheat can be planted, and the rainfall in the south of this line is above 800 mm, so rice can be planted.

So, what does this mean? The result of global warming is very obvious. A large number of deserts in the north may change. Not only the Mu Us desert may disappear, but it will first become grassland and then gradually become forest, and even some areas in the north will change obviously.

According to general historical records, this is a scene that only appeared in the Tang and Song Dynasties, that is, when China was relatively strong. After the Ming Dynasty, there was global cooling, that is, the Little Ice Age, which led to frequent natural disasters, hungry people everywhere and the collapse of the dynasty.

Now, with the 800 mm rainfall line crossing the Qinling Mountains, the traditional north-south dividing line will also move northward, and the 400 mm rainfall line will continue to move northward, which means that the geographical plate of China will change obviously under the influence of climate.

Accordingly, if the rainfall in the north increases obviously and the 400 mm rainfall line moves northward obviously, then many places north of the traditional Great Wall line that could only grow grass may hopefully become farmland now. This also means that the problem of food supply in China may be alleviated, and the protection of cultivated land in some central cities in the south can be relaxed.

With the relief of water shortage, the population of these places may gradually increase and the economy may get better. For example, in Xinjiang, especially in northern Xinjiang, many saline-alkali land and Gobi desert may gradually become farmland, so the population carrying capacity will be improved.

These are all favorable changes, but they will also bring many unfavorable problems.

But this will also bring an obvious problem, that is, many low-lying and poorly drained places in the north need to dig some rivers, dredge drainage pipes and improve the drainage capacity of drainage facilities, especially in low-lying areas from Zhengzhou to Anyang.

On July 20th, the rainstorm in Zhengzhou caused more than 300 deaths and disappearances, which was also the result of climate change. In the past, the northern cities did not pay enough attention to drainage facilities because of the relatively small rainfall. Now they have to re-plan, design and build.

In fact, not only Henan and Luxi need to face this problem, but also the whole flat North China needs to face this problem. A large number of rivers that once existed have disappeared in recent years. So do you want to dig them out again to increase the drainage and water storage capacity of these areas?

There are also problems in the south. Rainfall in the north is increasing, and drought may occur in some parts of the south. For example, in the past few years, there have been droughts in some areas in the south. In recent years, the area of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi has even shrunk dramatically, and the bottom of the lake is directly exposed. It hasn't rained in Shanghai for three consecutive months.

In a word, if climate warming is a fact, we must consider how to deal with this change now. Moreover, this kind of response needs to be considered comprehensively and dealt with as a whole, rather than fighting alone. In particular, the drainage problem in North China requires key planning and construction.

What an ambitious sacrifice

Dare to call the sun and the moon to usher in a new day.

How many years?

Several generations

The sand has returned to its normal state.

China people just don't believe in this evil.

Swear to work miracles with both hands

Forced to quit the sand sea and become a green ship.

Generations have worked hard and struggled.

Create a miracle on earth

The Mu Us Desert is inaccessible and dusty.

accidentally

Everything is green.

Duo Hua duo Xiang

Sincere feelings

The masses of the people contain endless creativity.

Therefore, nothing is difficult in the world.

As long as you are willing to climb.

# Ling Yuanchang #

About half of Mu Us Desert is located in Yulin City. Take Yulin as an example to answer this question. Yulin has changed from a desert city "Camel City" to a national forest city, which is the result of several generations' unremitting afforestation in the spirit of "Yugong Mountain". Here is a quote from the Party Secretary and Director of Shaanxi Forestry Bureau: "Yulin Green is the green of grass irrigation and sand fixation, and it is the green of' long-term contribution and scientific management'. Compared with other parts of the province, Yulin Green is only light green, but it represents the new life and future of the Pearl. "

1. Representative of National Desert Forest Park 1. Ma Lian Beach Desert Forest Park in Dingbian County.

2. Balasu National Desert Forest Park in Yuyang District

2. Representatives of provincial forest parks 1. Yulin Sandy Land Forest Park (Yuyang)

2. Hongshixia Forest Park (Yuyang)

3. Baiyun Mountain Forest Park (jia county)

4. Jinshawan Forest Park (jia county)

5. Longwan Forest Park in Shaanxi Province (Suide County)

3. Grassland representative 1. Shenmu Xiaobaodang Grassland

2. Shenmu Erlin Rabbit Grassland

4. Looking forward to the future Although Yulin is only a light green forest or grassland for the time being, I believe that after several generations of efforts and long-term contributions, the historical evolution of vicissitudes will still occur, and the forest or grassland in Yulin will inevitably change from light green to dark green. With a V-shaped overpass in Yulin to express our expectation, the ecological environment of Yulin will surely move from the present victory to a new and greater victory, and a new Yulin with green hills, forests and vast grasslands is waiting for us.

Mu Us Desert is one of the four major deserts in China, located between Yulin area of Shaanxi Province and Ordos city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total area of about 40,000 square kilometers. Historically, Mu Us was a place with rich aquatic plants and charming scenery. However, due to climate change and man-made over-reclamation, it completely turned into an endless desert in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

After liberation, in order to control the deterioration and spread of the Mu Us Desert, China began to build windbreaks and other desert control projects in the Three North Areas in the 1960s. After more than half a century's efforts, the Mu Us Desert has not only been effectively managed, but also the vegetation restoration has begun to show gratifying results. Especially in recent years, the Mu Us Desert is basically covered with green, and the vegetation has begun to accelerate its recovery. The reasons are, firstly, unremitting efforts to combat desertification, and secondly, fair weather.

The first reason is obvious to all, so most people attribute the change of Mu Us Desert to it. In fact, the second reason is the beautiful weather. Because the first reason can only be controlled, the second reason is the root cause of completely controlling sand and turning the Mu Us desert green.

20 19 equivalent precipitation diagram

It can be clearly seen from this picture that the Mu Us Desert has been covered by a precipitation line of 400 mm, that is to say, the Mu Us Desert has left the arid and early rain area in the west and entered the warm and humid area in the east, which is fully equipped with large-scale vegetation restoration and agricultural cultivation conditions. Therefore, many people think that the Mu Us Desert will be the first desert to be destroyed in the world and will soon become an oasis with abundant aquatic plants.

The Mu Us Desert, which turns green day by day.

Due to the rise of the earth's temperature, warm and humid air flows through Taihang Mountain and inland to the northwest. Some experts and scholars in the industry have obtained a data that people are lamenting today through calculation and comparison. The 400 mm equivalent precipitation line has been pushed inland for nearly 300 kilometers in recent five years, which not only provides innate guarantee conditions for harsh environments such as China and desert control, but also creates at least 500 million mu of cultivated land for China out of thin air. God helps those who help themselves!

Forecast map of 400 mm equivalent rainfall line in the next decade

According to the analysis and research of big data, relevant experts and technicians believe that if the earth's temperature does not stop rising, then the isoprecipitation line will not stop pushing inland in China. Even within five years, the 400 mm isoprecipitation line will cover the whole Ordos Plateau and Hetao area and directly occupy the yinshan mountains and Helan Mountains. Not only will the Mu Us Desert become another land bordering the south of the Yangtze River, but the whole Ordos Plateau and Loess Plateau will also become fertile soil with rich products and pleasant environment. The Yellow River will also become a clear and charming blue river.

Comparative map of Mu Us Desert in ancient and modern times

It can be said that every gratifying progress in the Mu Us Desert is the crystallization of human subjective understanding and transformation of nature, and the weather is beautiful, which is the icing on the cake for our persistence. There is reason to believe that the day when the Mu Us Desert becomes grassland and forest is just around the corner!